Caracterização física do Médio Piranhas Potiguar com o uso de técnicas de geoprocessamento

• Autor(a) principal: Araújo, Ingredy Nataly Fernandes
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFRN
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/37026
• topic: Uso e ocupação do solo; Bacia hidrográfica; Sistemas de informações geográficas

The units forming a landscape can be characterized by information from the use and occupation of the soil, as it reflects the activities developed there and the possible impacts. Anthropogenic activities that promote the reduction of the vegetal cover cause changes in the soil characteristics, impairing its ecosystem functions. However, the negative effects of soil degradation also affect other systems, especially water resources. Environmental management requires understanding the relationships between anthropic activities and their effects on the environment, based on knowledge of local environmental characteristics. Techniques of geoprocessing and the use of satellite images enable the obtaining of environmental information and rapid and effective responses on the pattern of land use and occupation and its changes over time. Environmentally fragile areas, such as the Brazilian semi-arid, need to have their controlled soil use. Above all, there are strategic reservoirs, such as Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves, which is part of the "Médio Piranhas Potiguar" Hydrological Planning Unit. In this way, the objective of this work was to make an physical characterization of Médio Piranhas Potiguar, using geoprocessing techniques. For this, the QGIS software and Semi-Automatic Classification Plugin complement (SCP) was used to perform supervised classification of land use and occupation for the years 2002 and 2017, and calculated the area percentages of each class. The occupation was classified in: water, agriculture, open vegetation, dense vegetation and exposed soil. Vegetation is the predominant class in the region, agriculture is the one that had the highest percentage increase, while the second major change was the reduction of water. Were also obtained a map of the geology identified the origin and formation of the soil, a soil map to infer the environmental susceptibility of the region's soils, and an altimetry map, which assisted in the interpretation of natural and anthropogenic environmental interactions. This work evidenced that there were changes in the use and occupation of the soil in this period of 15 years, and that due to the environmental characteristics of the region, this can intensify the natural environmental fragility, increasing the processes of environmental degradation.