Tratamento de materiais contaminados com bifenilas policloradas (PCBS) via extração convencional e fluído supercrítico

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Silva, Dannielle Janainne da
Data de Publicação: 2008
Tipo de documento: Dissertação
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFRN
Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/15758
Resumo: The decontamination of the materials has been subject of some studies. One of the factors that it increases the pollution is the lack of responsibility in the discarding of toxic trash, as for example the presence of PCB (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) in the environment. In the Brazilian regulations, the material contaminated with PCB in concentrations higher than 50 ppm must be stored in special places or destroyed, usually by incineration in plasma furnace with dual steps. Due to high cost of the procedure, new methodologies of PCBs removal has been studied. The objective of this study was to develop an experimental methodology and analytical methodology for quantification of removal of PCBs through out the processes of extractions using supercritical fluid and Soxhlet method, also technical efficiency of the two processes of extraction, in the treatment of contaminated materials with PCBs. The materials studied were soils and wood, both were simulated contamination with concentration of 6.000, 33.000 and 60.000 mg of PCB/ kg of materials. Soxhlet extractions were performed using 100 ml of hexane, and temperature of 180 ºC. Extractions by fluid supercritical were performed at conditions of 200 bar, 70°C, and supercritical CO2 flow-rate of 3 g/min for 1-3 hours. The extracts obtained were quantified using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The conventional extractions were made according to factorial experimental planning technique 22, with aim of study the influence of two variables of process extraction for the Soxhlet method: contaminant concentration and extraction time for obtain a maximum removal of PCB in the materials. The extractions for Soxhlet method were efficient for extraction of PCBs in soil and wood in both solvent studied (hexane and ethanol). In the experimental extraction in soils, the better efficient of removal of PCBs using ethanol as solvent was 81.3% than 95% for the extraction using hexane as solvent, for equal time of extraction. The results of the extraction with wood showed statistically it that there is not difference between the extractions in both solvent studied. The supercritical fluid extraction in the conditions studied showed better efficiency in the extraction of PCBs in the wood matrix than in soil, for two hours extractions the obtain percentual of 43.9 ± 0.5 % for the total of PCBs extracted in the soils against 95.1 ± 0,5% for the total of PCBs extracted in the wood. The results demonstrated that the extractions were satisfactory for both technical studied
id UFRN_1a282f8316a2d3832cf8d212ccab56bb
oai_identifier_str oai:https://repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/15758
network_acronym_str UFRN
network_name_str Repositório Institucional da UFRN
repository_id_str
spelling Silva, Dannielle Janainne dahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3744730955893225http://lattes.cnpq.br/8055289812908100Moraes, José Ermírio Ferreira dehttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4768860Z4Melo, Josette Lourdes de Sousahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787094H6Chiavone Filho, Osvaldohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2621516646153655Nascimento, Cláudio Augusto Oller dohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4781533Z6Pereira, Camila Gambini2014-12-17T15:01:16Z2009-03-272014-12-17T15:01:16Z2008-12-17SILVA, Dannielle Janainne da. Treatment of materials contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by conventional and supercritical fluid xxtraction. 2008. 141 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Tecnologias Regionais) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2008.https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/15758The decontamination of the materials has been subject of some studies. One of the factors that it increases the pollution is the lack of responsibility in the discarding of toxic trash, as for example the presence of PCB (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) in the environment. In the Brazilian regulations, the material contaminated with PCB in concentrations higher than 50 ppm must be stored in special places or destroyed, usually by incineration in plasma furnace with dual steps. Due to high cost of the procedure, new methodologies of PCBs removal has been studied. The objective of this study was to develop an experimental methodology and analytical methodology for quantification of removal of PCBs through out the processes of extractions using supercritical fluid and Soxhlet method, also technical efficiency of the two processes of extraction, in the treatment of contaminated materials with PCBs. The materials studied were soils and wood, both were simulated contamination with concentration of 6.000, 33.000 and 60.000 mg of PCB/ kg of materials. Soxhlet extractions were performed using 100 ml of hexane, and temperature of 180 ºC. Extractions by fluid supercritical were performed at conditions of 200 bar, 70°C, and supercritical CO2 flow-rate of 3 g/min for 1-3 hours. The extracts obtained were quantified using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The conventional extractions were made according to factorial experimental planning technique 22, with aim of study the influence of two variables of process extraction for the Soxhlet method: contaminant concentration and extraction time for obtain a maximum removal of PCB in the materials. The extractions for Soxhlet method were efficient for extraction of PCBs in soil and wood in both solvent studied (hexane and ethanol). In the experimental extraction in soils, the better efficient of removal of PCBs using ethanol as solvent was 81.3% than 95% for the extraction using hexane as solvent, for equal time of extraction. The results of the extraction with wood showed statistically it that there is not difference between the extractions in both solvent studied. The supercritical fluid extraction in the conditions studied showed better efficiency in the extraction of PCBs in the wood matrix than in soil, for two hours extractions the obtain percentual of 43.9 ± 0.5 % for the total of PCBs extracted in the soils against 95.1 ± 0,5% for the total of PCBs extracted in the wood. The results demonstrated that the extractions were satisfactory for both technical studiedA descontaminação de materiais tem sido tema de vários estudos. Um dos fatores que aumenta a poluição é a falta de responsabilidade no descarte do lixo tóxico, como por exemplo, a presença de PCBs (Bifenilas policloradas) no meio ambiente. Nos regulamentos brasileiros, o material contaminado com PCBs nas concentrações acima de 50 ppm deve ser armazenado em lugares especiais ou ser destruído, geralmente por incineração em forno de plasma com duplo estágio. Devido ao custo elevado deste processo, novas metodologias para remoção de PCBs estão sendo pesquisadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver uma metodologia experimental e analítica para a quantificação da remoção de PCBs de materiais contaminados através de extração pelo método Soxhlet e por fluído supercrítico, como também avaliar e comparar a eficiência técnica dos dois processos de extração. Os materiais avaliados foram: solo e madeira ambos contaminados com PCBs via contaminação simulada. Os materiais foram contaminados com a concentração de 6.000, 33.000 e 60.000 mg de óleo Ascarel/ kg de material. A extração pelo método Soxhlet foi realizada usando 100 mL de solvente orgânico (hexano ou etanol), 180 ºC e pressão atmosférica. A extração com fluído supercrítico foi realizada nas seguintes condições: 200 bar, 70 ºC e 3 g de CO2 / min. Os extratos obtidos foram quantificados usando a cromatografia gasosa acoplada a um espectrômetro de massa (CG-EM). Foram realizadas extrações pelo método convencional usando a técnica de planejamento fatorial 22, com a finalidade de estudar os efeitos da concentração inicial de contaminante e o tempo de extração no percentual de remoção de PCBs. As extrações pelo método Soxhlet foi eficiente para extração de PCBs em solo e em madeira para os dois solventes em estudo (hexano e etanol). Nos experimentos de extração em solos, o melhor percentual de remoção de PCBs usando etanol como solvente foi de 81,3% e 95% para a extração que usa hexano como solvente, com o mesmo tempo de extração. Os resultados dos ensaios de extração com madeira, mostraram que estatisticamente não há diferença entre as extrações mudando o solvente. A extração por fluido supercrítico nas condições estudadas teve melhor desempenho para extrair PCBs na matriz madeira do que no solo. Em duas horas de extração foi obtido percentual de 43,9 ± 0,5 % para a soma do total de PCBs extraído no solo contra 95,1 ± 0,5 % para a soma total de PCBs extraído na madeira. Os resultados foram satisfatórios para ambas as técnicas de extração estudadasCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superiorapplication/pdfporUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do NortePrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia QuímicaUFRNBRPesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Tecnologias RegionaisBifenila policloradaExtraçãoMateriais contaminadosPolychlorinated biphenylsExtractionContaminated materialsCNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICATratamento de materiais contaminados com bifenilas policloradas (PCBS) via extração convencional e fluído supercríticoTreatment of materials contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by conventional and supercritical fluid xxtractioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRNinstname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN)instacron:UFRNORIGINALDannielleJS.pdfapplication/pdf1624896https://repositorio.ufrn.br/bitstream/123456789/15758/1/DannielleJS.pdf0e96250738f2bfbc525b251adc249965MD51TEXTDannielleJS.pdf.txtDannielleJS.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain200636https://repositorio.ufrn.br/bitstream/123456789/15758/6/DannielleJS.pdf.txtbf9d824ddca5f3b0e0227fa94b6501edMD56THUMBNAILDannielleJS.pdf.jpgDannielleJS.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg3766https://repositorio.ufrn.br/bitstream/123456789/15758/7/DannielleJS.pdf.jpg5e07ad178488126509b32138f7d46d54MD57123456789/157582017-11-02 02:29:36.165oai:https://repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/15758Repositório de PublicaçõesPUBhttp://repositorio.ufrn.br/oai/opendoar:2017-11-02T05:29:36Repositório Institucional da UFRN - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN)false
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv Tratamento de materiais contaminados com bifenilas policloradas (PCBS) via extração convencional e fluído supercrítico
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv Treatment of materials contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by conventional and supercritical fluid xxtraction
title Tratamento de materiais contaminados com bifenilas policloradas (PCBS) via extração convencional e fluído supercrítico
spellingShingle Tratamento de materiais contaminados com bifenilas policloradas (PCBS) via extração convencional e fluído supercrítico
Silva, Dannielle Janainne da
Bifenila policlorada
Extração
Materiais contaminados
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Extraction
Contaminated materials
CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA
title_short Tratamento de materiais contaminados com bifenilas policloradas (PCBS) via extração convencional e fluído supercrítico
title_full Tratamento de materiais contaminados com bifenilas policloradas (PCBS) via extração convencional e fluído supercrítico
title_fullStr Tratamento de materiais contaminados com bifenilas policloradas (PCBS) via extração convencional e fluído supercrítico
title_full_unstemmed Tratamento de materiais contaminados com bifenilas policloradas (PCBS) via extração convencional e fluído supercrítico
title_sort Tratamento de materiais contaminados com bifenilas policloradas (PCBS) via extração convencional e fluído supercrítico
author Silva, Dannielle Janainne da
author_facet Silva, Dannielle Janainne da
author_role author
dc.contributor.authorID.por.fl_str_mv
dc.contributor.authorLattes.por.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/3744730955893225
dc.contributor.advisorID.por.fl_str_mv
dc.contributor.advisorLattes.por.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/8055289812908100
dc.contributor.advisor-co1ID.por.fl_str_mv
dc.contributor.referees1.pt_BR.fl_str_mv Melo, Josette Lourdes de Sousa
dc.contributor.referees1ID.por.fl_str_mv
dc.contributor.referees1Lattes.por.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787094H6
dc.contributor.referees2.pt_BR.fl_str_mv Chiavone Filho, Osvaldo
dc.contributor.referees2ID.por.fl_str_mv
dc.contributor.referees2Lattes.por.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/2621516646153655
dc.contributor.referees3.pt_BR.fl_str_mv Nascimento, Cláudio Augusto Oller do
dc.contributor.referees3ID.por.fl_str_mv
dc.contributor.referees3Lattes.por.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4781533Z6
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Silva, Dannielle Janainne da
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv Moraes, José Ermírio Ferreira de
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4768860Z4
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv Pereira, Camila Gambini
contributor_str_mv Moraes, José Ermírio Ferreira de
Pereira, Camila Gambini
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Bifenila policlorada
Extração
Materiais contaminados
topic Bifenila policlorada
Extração
Materiais contaminados
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Extraction
Contaminated materials
CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Polychlorinated biphenyls
Extraction
Contaminated materials
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA
description The decontamination of the materials has been subject of some studies. One of the factors that it increases the pollution is the lack of responsibility in the discarding of toxic trash, as for example the presence of PCB (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) in the environment. In the Brazilian regulations, the material contaminated with PCB in concentrations higher than 50 ppm must be stored in special places or destroyed, usually by incineration in plasma furnace with dual steps. Due to high cost of the procedure, new methodologies of PCBs removal has been studied. The objective of this study was to develop an experimental methodology and analytical methodology for quantification of removal of PCBs through out the processes of extractions using supercritical fluid and Soxhlet method, also technical efficiency of the two processes of extraction, in the treatment of contaminated materials with PCBs. The materials studied were soils and wood, both were simulated contamination with concentration of 6.000, 33.000 and 60.000 mg of PCB/ kg of materials. Soxhlet extractions were performed using 100 ml of hexane, and temperature of 180 ºC. Extractions by fluid supercritical were performed at conditions of 200 bar, 70°C, and supercritical CO2 flow-rate of 3 g/min for 1-3 hours. The extracts obtained were quantified using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The conventional extractions were made according to factorial experimental planning technique 22, with aim of study the influence of two variables of process extraction for the Soxhlet method: contaminant concentration and extraction time for obtain a maximum removal of PCB in the materials. The extractions for Soxhlet method were efficient for extraction of PCBs in soil and wood in both solvent studied (hexane and ethanol). In the experimental extraction in soils, the better efficient of removal of PCBs using ethanol as solvent was 81.3% than 95% for the extraction using hexane as solvent, for equal time of extraction. The results of the extraction with wood showed statistically it that there is not difference between the extractions in both solvent studied. The supercritical fluid extraction in the conditions studied showed better efficiency in the extraction of PCBs in the wood matrix than in soil, for two hours extractions the obtain percentual of 43.9 ± 0.5 % for the total of PCBs extracted in the soils against 95.1 ± 0,5% for the total of PCBs extracted in the wood. The results demonstrated that the extractions were satisfactory for both technical studied
publishDate 2008
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv 2008-12-17
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv 2009-03-27
2014-12-17T15:01:16Z
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv 2014-12-17T15:01:16Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
format masterThesis
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv SILVA, Dannielle Janainne da. Treatment of materials contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by conventional and supercritical fluid xxtraction. 2008. 141 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Tecnologias Regionais) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2008.
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/15758
identifier_str_mv SILVA, Dannielle Janainne da. Treatment of materials contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by conventional and supercritical fluid xxtraction. 2008. 141 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Tecnologias Regionais) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2008.
url https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/15758
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv por
language por
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
dc.publisher.program.fl_str_mv Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv UFRN
dc.publisher.country.fl_str_mv BR
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Tecnologias Regionais
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN
instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN)
instacron:UFRN
instname_str Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN)
instacron_str UFRN
institution UFRN
reponame_str Repositório Institucional da UFRN
collection Repositório Institucional da UFRN
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.ufrn.br/bitstream/123456789/15758/1/DannielleJS.pdf
https://repositorio.ufrn.br/bitstream/123456789/15758/6/DannielleJS.pdf.txt
https://repositorio.ufrn.br/bitstream/123456789/15758/7/DannielleJS.pdf.jpg
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 0e96250738f2bfbc525b251adc249965
bf9d824ddca5f3b0e0227fa94b6501ed
5e07ad178488126509b32138f7d46d54
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositório Institucional da UFRN - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
_version_ 1814832924542894080