Tratamento de materiais contaminados com bifenilas policloradas (PCBS) via extração convencional e fluído supercrítico
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2008 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UFRN |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/15758 |
Resumo: | The decontamination of the materials has been subject of some studies. One of the factors that it increases the pollution is the lack of responsibility in the discarding of toxic trash, as for example the presence of PCB (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) in the environment. In the Brazilian regulations, the material contaminated with PCB in concentrations higher than 50 ppm must be stored in special places or destroyed, usually by incineration in plasma furnace with dual steps. Due to high cost of the procedure, new methodologies of PCBs removal has been studied. The objective of this study was to develop an experimental methodology and analytical methodology for quantification of removal of PCBs through out the processes of extractions using supercritical fluid and Soxhlet method, also technical efficiency of the two processes of extraction, in the treatment of contaminated materials with PCBs. The materials studied were soils and wood, both were simulated contamination with concentration of 6.000, 33.000 and 60.000 mg of PCB/ kg of materials. Soxhlet extractions were performed using 100 ml of hexane, and temperature of 180 ºC. Extractions by fluid supercritical were performed at conditions of 200 bar, 70°C, and supercritical CO2 flow-rate of 3 g/min for 1-3 hours. The extracts obtained were quantified using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The conventional extractions were made according to factorial experimental planning technique 22, with aim of study the influence of two variables of process extraction for the Soxhlet method: contaminant concentration and extraction time for obtain a maximum removal of PCB in the materials. The extractions for Soxhlet method were efficient for extraction of PCBs in soil and wood in both solvent studied (hexane and ethanol). In the experimental extraction in soils, the better efficient of removal of PCBs using ethanol as solvent was 81.3% than 95% for the extraction using hexane as solvent, for equal time of extraction. The results of the extraction with wood showed statistically it that there is not difference between the extractions in both solvent studied. The supercritical fluid extraction in the conditions studied showed better efficiency in the extraction of PCBs in the wood matrix than in soil, for two hours extractions the obtain percentual of 43.9 ± 0.5 % for the total of PCBs extracted in the soils against 95.1 ± 0,5% for the total of PCBs extracted in the wood. The results demonstrated that the extractions were satisfactory for both technical studied |
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Silva, Dannielle Janainne dahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3744730955893225http://lattes.cnpq.br/8055289812908100Moraes, José Ermírio Ferreira dehttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4768860Z4Melo, Josette Lourdes de Sousahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787094H6Chiavone Filho, Osvaldohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2621516646153655Nascimento, Cláudio Augusto Oller dohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4781533Z6Pereira, Camila Gambini2014-12-17T15:01:16Z2009-03-272014-12-17T15:01:16Z2008-12-17SILVA, Dannielle Janainne da. Treatment of materials contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by conventional and supercritical fluid xxtraction. 2008. 141 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Tecnologias Regionais) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2008.https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/15758The decontamination of the materials has been subject of some studies. One of the factors that it increases the pollution is the lack of responsibility in the discarding of toxic trash, as for example the presence of PCB (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) in the environment. In the Brazilian regulations, the material contaminated with PCB in concentrations higher than 50 ppm must be stored in special places or destroyed, usually by incineration in plasma furnace with dual steps. Due to high cost of the procedure, new methodologies of PCBs removal has been studied. The objective of this study was to develop an experimental methodology and analytical methodology for quantification of removal of PCBs through out the processes of extractions using supercritical fluid and Soxhlet method, also technical efficiency of the two processes of extraction, in the treatment of contaminated materials with PCBs. The materials studied were soils and wood, both were simulated contamination with concentration of 6.000, 33.000 and 60.000 mg of PCB/ kg of materials. Soxhlet extractions were performed using 100 ml of hexane, and temperature of 180 ºC. Extractions by fluid supercritical were performed at conditions of 200 bar, 70°C, and supercritical CO2 flow-rate of 3 g/min for 1-3 hours. The extracts obtained were quantified using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The conventional extractions were made according to factorial experimental planning technique 22, with aim of study the influence of two variables of process extraction for the Soxhlet method: contaminant concentration and extraction time for obtain a maximum removal of PCB in the materials. The extractions for Soxhlet method were efficient for extraction of PCBs in soil and wood in both solvent studied (hexane and ethanol). In the experimental extraction in soils, the better efficient of removal of PCBs using ethanol as solvent was 81.3% than 95% for the extraction using hexane as solvent, for equal time of extraction. The results of the extraction with wood showed statistically it that there is not difference between the extractions in both solvent studied. The supercritical fluid extraction in the conditions studied showed better efficiency in the extraction of PCBs in the wood matrix than in soil, for two hours extractions the obtain percentual of 43.9 ± 0.5 % for the total of PCBs extracted in the soils against 95.1 ± 0,5% for the total of PCBs extracted in the wood. The results demonstrated that the extractions were satisfactory for both technical studiedA descontaminação de materiais tem sido tema de vários estudos. Um dos fatores que aumenta a poluição é a falta de responsabilidade no descarte do lixo tóxico, como por exemplo, a presença de PCBs (Bifenilas policloradas) no meio ambiente. Nos regulamentos brasileiros, o material contaminado com PCBs nas concentrações acima de 50 ppm deve ser armazenado em lugares especiais ou ser destruído, geralmente por incineração em forno de plasma com duplo estágio. Devido ao custo elevado deste processo, novas metodologias para remoção de PCBs estão sendo pesquisadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver uma metodologia experimental e analítica para a quantificação da remoção de PCBs de materiais contaminados através de extração pelo método Soxhlet e por fluído supercrítico, como também avaliar e comparar a eficiência técnica dos dois processos de extração. Os materiais avaliados foram: solo e madeira ambos contaminados com PCBs via contaminação simulada. Os materiais foram contaminados com a concentração de 6.000, 33.000 e 60.000 mg de óleo Ascarel/ kg de material. A extração pelo método Soxhlet foi realizada usando 100 mL de solvente orgânico (hexano ou etanol), 180 ºC e pressão atmosférica. A extração com fluído supercrítico foi realizada nas seguintes condições: 200 bar, 70 ºC e 3 g de CO2 / min. Os extratos obtidos foram quantificados usando a cromatografia gasosa acoplada a um espectrômetro de massa (CG-EM). Foram realizadas extrações pelo método convencional usando a técnica de planejamento fatorial 22, com a finalidade de estudar os efeitos da concentração inicial de contaminante e o tempo de extração no percentual de remoção de PCBs. As extrações pelo método Soxhlet foi eficiente para extração de PCBs em solo e em madeira para os dois solventes em estudo (hexano e etanol). Nos experimentos de extração em solos, o melhor percentual de remoção de PCBs usando etanol como solvente foi de 81,3% e 95% para a extração que usa hexano como solvente, com o mesmo tempo de extração. Os resultados dos ensaios de extração com madeira, mostraram que estatisticamente não há diferença entre as extrações mudando o solvente. A extração por fluido supercrítico nas condições estudadas teve melhor desempenho para extrair PCBs na matriz madeira do que no solo. Em duas horas de extração foi obtido percentual de 43,9 ± 0,5 % para a soma do total de PCBs extraído no solo contra 95,1 ± 0,5 % para a soma total de PCBs extraído na madeira. Os resultados foram satisfatórios para ambas as técnicas de extração estudadasCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superiorapplication/pdfporUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do NortePrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia QuímicaUFRNBRPesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Tecnologias RegionaisBifenila policloradaExtraçãoMateriais contaminadosPolychlorinated biphenylsExtractionContaminated materialsCNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICATratamento de materiais contaminados com bifenilas policloradas (PCBS) via extração convencional e fluído supercríticoTreatment of materials contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by conventional and supercritical fluid xxtractioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRNinstname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN)instacron:UFRNORIGINALDannielleJS.pdfapplication/pdf1624896https://repositorio.ufrn.br/bitstream/123456789/15758/1/DannielleJS.pdf0e96250738f2bfbc525b251adc249965MD51TEXTDannielleJS.pdf.txtDannielleJS.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain200636https://repositorio.ufrn.br/bitstream/123456789/15758/6/DannielleJS.pdf.txtbf9d824ddca5f3b0e0227fa94b6501edMD56THUMBNAILDannielleJS.pdf.jpgDannielleJS.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg3766https://repositorio.ufrn.br/bitstream/123456789/15758/7/DannielleJS.pdf.jpg5e07ad178488126509b32138f7d46d54MD57123456789/157582017-11-02 02:29:36.165oai:https://repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/15758Repositório de PublicaçõesPUBhttp://repositorio.ufrn.br/oai/opendoar:2017-11-02T05:29:36Repositório Institucional da UFRN - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Tratamento de materiais contaminados com bifenilas policloradas (PCBS) via extração convencional e fluído supercrítico |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Treatment of materials contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by conventional and supercritical fluid xxtraction |
title |
Tratamento de materiais contaminados com bifenilas policloradas (PCBS) via extração convencional e fluído supercrítico |
spellingShingle |
Tratamento de materiais contaminados com bifenilas policloradas (PCBS) via extração convencional e fluído supercrítico Silva, Dannielle Janainne da Bifenila policlorada Extração Materiais contaminados Polychlorinated biphenyls Extraction Contaminated materials CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA |
title_short |
Tratamento de materiais contaminados com bifenilas policloradas (PCBS) via extração convencional e fluído supercrítico |
title_full |
Tratamento de materiais contaminados com bifenilas policloradas (PCBS) via extração convencional e fluído supercrítico |
title_fullStr |
Tratamento de materiais contaminados com bifenilas policloradas (PCBS) via extração convencional e fluído supercrítico |
title_full_unstemmed |
Tratamento de materiais contaminados com bifenilas policloradas (PCBS) via extração convencional e fluído supercrítico |
title_sort |
Tratamento de materiais contaminados com bifenilas policloradas (PCBS) via extração convencional e fluído supercrítico |
author |
Silva, Dannielle Janainne da |
author_facet |
Silva, Dannielle Janainne da |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.authorID.por.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.contributor.authorLattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/3744730955893225 |
dc.contributor.advisorID.por.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.contributor.advisorLattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/8055289812908100 |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1ID.por.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.contributor.referees1.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
Melo, Josette Lourdes de Sousa |
dc.contributor.referees1ID.por.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.contributor.referees1Lattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787094H6 |
dc.contributor.referees2.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
Chiavone Filho, Osvaldo |
dc.contributor.referees2ID.por.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.contributor.referees2Lattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2621516646153655 |
dc.contributor.referees3.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
Nascimento, Cláudio Augusto Oller do |
dc.contributor.referees3ID.por.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.contributor.referees3Lattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4781533Z6 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Silva, Dannielle Janainne da |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv |
Moraes, José Ermírio Ferreira de |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4768860Z4 |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Pereira, Camila Gambini |
contributor_str_mv |
Moraes, José Ermírio Ferreira de Pereira, Camila Gambini |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Bifenila policlorada Extração Materiais contaminados |
topic |
Bifenila policlorada Extração Materiais contaminados Polychlorinated biphenyls Extraction Contaminated materials CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Polychlorinated biphenyls Extraction Contaminated materials |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA |
description |
The decontamination of the materials has been subject of some studies. One of the factors that it increases the pollution is the lack of responsibility in the discarding of toxic trash, as for example the presence of PCB (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) in the environment. In the Brazilian regulations, the material contaminated with PCB in concentrations higher than 50 ppm must be stored in special places or destroyed, usually by incineration in plasma furnace with dual steps. Due to high cost of the procedure, new methodologies of PCBs removal has been studied. The objective of this study was to develop an experimental methodology and analytical methodology for quantification of removal of PCBs through out the processes of extractions using supercritical fluid and Soxhlet method, also technical efficiency of the two processes of extraction, in the treatment of contaminated materials with PCBs. The materials studied were soils and wood, both were simulated contamination with concentration of 6.000, 33.000 and 60.000 mg of PCB/ kg of materials. Soxhlet extractions were performed using 100 ml of hexane, and temperature of 180 ºC. Extractions by fluid supercritical were performed at conditions of 200 bar, 70°C, and supercritical CO2 flow-rate of 3 g/min for 1-3 hours. The extracts obtained were quantified using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The conventional extractions were made according to factorial experimental planning technique 22, with aim of study the influence of two variables of process extraction for the Soxhlet method: contaminant concentration and extraction time for obtain a maximum removal of PCB in the materials. The extractions for Soxhlet method were efficient for extraction of PCBs in soil and wood in both solvent studied (hexane and ethanol). In the experimental extraction in soils, the better efficient of removal of PCBs using ethanol as solvent was 81.3% than 95% for the extraction using hexane as solvent, for equal time of extraction. The results of the extraction with wood showed statistically it that there is not difference between the extractions in both solvent studied. The supercritical fluid extraction in the conditions studied showed better efficiency in the extraction of PCBs in the wood matrix than in soil, for two hours extractions the obtain percentual of 43.9 ± 0.5 % for the total of PCBs extracted in the soils against 95.1 ± 0,5% for the total of PCBs extracted in the wood. The results demonstrated that the extractions were satisfactory for both technical studied |
publishDate |
2008 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2008-12-17 |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2009-03-27 2014-12-17T15:01:16Z |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2014-12-17T15:01:16Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
SILVA, Dannielle Janainne da. Treatment of materials contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by conventional and supercritical fluid xxtraction. 2008. 141 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Tecnologias Regionais) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2008. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/15758 |
identifier_str_mv |
SILVA, Dannielle Janainne da. Treatment of materials contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by conventional and supercritical fluid xxtraction. 2008. 141 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Tecnologias Regionais) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2008. |
url |
https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/15758 |
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por |
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por |
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openAccess |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte |
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Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química |
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UFRN |
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BR |
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv |
Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Tecnologias Regionais |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte |
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