Propriedades termodinâmicas da atmosfera e estudo da entropia próximo à superfície nas capitais do Nordeste do Brasil

• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Isamara de Mendonça
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFRN
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/40276
• topic: Termodinâmica da atmosfera; Atmospheric thermodynamics; Equação de estado; State equation; Entropia; Entropy; Pressão; Pressure; Temperatura; Temperature; Nordeste do Brasil; Northeastern Brazil

The thermodynamic state of a system is determined exclusively by the variables x_i that characterize the properties of that system. A state equation has then the functional relation f(x_i )=0, such that a state variable can be determined from the other variables. Furthermore, a state function depends on one or more state variables and its variation between two thermodynamic states is independent of the trajectory between them. The state variables for ideal gas are pressure P, temperature T and volume V, such that PV=kT is the state equation describing the system, where k is a constant. For example, entropy is a state function that depends on the quantity of heat Q and the temperature T. The thermodynamic variables of the atmosphere are measured from meteorological stations, satellites and radiosonde, making it possible to study new state equations and calculate of state functions of this system. There exist other thermodynamic variables characterizing the air, which depend on the classic state variables and also describe the atmosphere. For example, we highlight the potential temperature, which in some cases can be analyzed where the entropy is studied. The Northeastern Brazil (NEB) presents a great climate variability that is related to the direct interaction between the atmosphere and the oceans. The general circulation of the atmosphere modulates the climate in this region, which in turn is affected by the thermodynamic conditions of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Therefore, the thermodynamic variables are extremely sensitive to the perturbations that occur in the interactions between these two systems and, consequently, to the meteorological phenomena that occur in them. In this work, we review the fundamental concepts of classical thermodynamics and the atmospheric thermodynamics. From a new proposal of state equation that it takes into account the air constituents, we calculate some properties of the atmosphere. We then confirm the second law of thermodynamics in the atmosphere near the surface in the capitals of the NEB, through the concept of entropy, using observational data of pressure and temperature.