Structural differences between REM and non-REM dream reports assessed by graph analysis

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Martin, Joshua Michael
Data de Publicação: 2020
Outros Autores: Andriano, Danyal Wainstein, Mota, Natália Bezerra, Rolim, Sérgio Arthuro Mota, Araujo, John Fontenele, Ribeiro, Sidarta Tollendal Gomes
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFRN
Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/29742
Resumo: Dream reports collected after rapid eye movement sleep (REM) awakenings are, on average, longer, more vivid, bizarre, emotional and story-like compared to those collected after non-REM. However, a comparison of the word-to-word structural organization of dream reports is lacking, and traditional measures that distinguish REM and non-REM dreaming may be confounded by report length. This problem is amenable to the analysis of dream reports as non-semantic directed word graphs, which provide a structural assessment of oral reports, while controlling for individual differences in verbosity. Against this background, the present study had two main aims: Firstly, to investigate differences in graph structure between REM and non-REM dream reports, and secondly, to evaluate how non-semantic directed word graph analysis compares to the widely used measure of report length in dream analysis. To do this, we analyzed a set of 133 dream reports obtained from 20 participants in controlled laboratory awakenings from REM and N2 sleep. We found that: (1) graphs from REM sleep possess a larger connectedness compared to those from N2; (2) measures of graph structure can predict ratings of dream complexity, where increases in connectedness and decreases in randomness are observed in relation to increasing dream report complexity; and (3) measures of the Largest Connected Component of a graph can improve a model containing report length in predicting sleep stage and dream report complexity. These results indicate that dream reports sampled after REM awakening have on average a larger connectedness compared to those sampled after N2 (i.e. words recur with a longer range), a difference which appears to be related to underlying differences in dream complexity. Altogether, graph analysis represents a promising method for dream research, due to its automated nature and potential to complement report length in dream analysis.
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spelling Martin, Joshua MichaelAndriano, Danyal WainsteinMota, Natália BezerraRolim, Sérgio Arthuro MotaAraujo, John FonteneleRibeiro, Sidarta Tollendal Gomes2020-07-27T17:53:41Z2020-07-27T17:53:41Z2020-07-23MARTIN, Joshua M.; ANDRIANO, Danyal Wainstein; MOTA, Natalia B.; MOTA-ROLIM, Sergio A.; ARAÚJO, John Fontenele; SOLMS, Mark; RIBEIRO, Sidarta. Structural differences between REM and non-REM dream reports assessed by graph analysis. Plos One, [S.l.], v. 15, n. 7, p. e0228903, jul. 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228903. Disponível em: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0228903. Acesso em: 27 jul. 2020.https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/2974210.1371/journal.pone.0228903Attribution 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessDreamsSleep, REMSleep stagesStructural differences between REM and non-REM dream reports assessed by graph analysisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleDream reports collected after rapid eye movement sleep (REM) awakenings are, on average, longer, more vivid, bizarre, emotional and story-like compared to those collected after non-REM. However, a comparison of the word-to-word structural organization of dream reports is lacking, and traditional measures that distinguish REM and non-REM dreaming may be confounded by report length. This problem is amenable to the analysis of dream reports as non-semantic directed word graphs, which provide a structural assessment of oral reports, while controlling for individual differences in verbosity. Against this background, the present study had two main aims: Firstly, to investigate differences in graph structure between REM and non-REM dream reports, and secondly, to evaluate how non-semantic directed word graph analysis compares to the widely used measure of report length in dream analysis. To do this, we analyzed a set of 133 dream reports obtained from 20 participants in controlled laboratory awakenings from REM and N2 sleep. We found that: (1) graphs from REM sleep possess a larger connectedness compared to those from N2; (2) measures of graph structure can predict ratings of dream complexity, where increases in connectedness and decreases in randomness are observed in relation to increasing dream report complexity; and (3) measures of the Largest Connected Component of a graph can improve a model containing report length in predicting sleep stage and dream report complexity. These results indicate that dream reports sampled after REM awakening have on average a larger connectedness compared to those sampled after N2 (i.e. words recur with a longer range), a difference which appears to be related to underlying differences in dream complexity. Altogether, graph analysis represents a promising method for dream research, due to its automated nature and potential to complement report length in dream analysis.engreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRNinstname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN)instacron:UFRNORIGINALStructuralDifferencesREM_Ribeiro_2020.pdfStructuralDifferencesREM_Ribeiro_2020.pdfStructuralDifferencesREM_Ribeiro_2020application/pdf1401168https://repositorio.ufrn.br/bitstream/123456789/29742/1/StructuralDifferencesREM_Ribeiro_2020.pdf13caeed31297ad9292772088747d97c8MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8914https://repositorio.ufrn.br/bitstream/123456789/29742/2/license_rdf4d2950bda3d176f570a9f8b328dfbbefMD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81484https://repositorio.ufrn.br/bitstream/123456789/29742/3/license.txte9597aa2854d128fd968be5edc8a28d9MD53TEXTStructuralDifferencesREM_Ribeiro_2020.pdf.txtStructuralDifferencesREM_Ribeiro_2020.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain70558https://repositorio.ufrn.br/bitstream/123456789/29742/4/StructuralDifferencesREM_Ribeiro_2020.pdf.txtb2a8b47a51da13253e53ddee45227694MD54THUMBNAILStructuralDifferencesREM_Ribeiro_2020.pdf.jpgStructuralDifferencesREM_Ribeiro_2020.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg1767https://repositorio.ufrn.br/bitstream/123456789/29742/5/StructuralDifferencesREM_Ribeiro_2020.pdf.jpg444587e42395ba45e20efeb7ac26dd8bMD55123456789/297422020-08-02 04:54:39.351oai:https://repositorio.ufrn.br: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Repositório de PublicaçõesPUBhttp://repositorio.ufrn.br/oai/opendoar:2020-08-02T07:54:39Repositório Institucional da UFRN - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN)false
dc.title.pt_BR.fl_str_mv Structural differences between REM and non-REM dream reports assessed by graph analysis
title Structural differences between REM and non-REM dream reports assessed by graph analysis
spellingShingle Structural differences between REM and non-REM dream reports assessed by graph analysis
Martin, Joshua Michael
Dreams
Sleep, REM
Sleep stages
title_short Structural differences between REM and non-REM dream reports assessed by graph analysis
title_full Structural differences between REM and non-REM dream reports assessed by graph analysis
title_fullStr Structural differences between REM and non-REM dream reports assessed by graph analysis
title_full_unstemmed Structural differences between REM and non-REM dream reports assessed by graph analysis
title_sort Structural differences between REM and non-REM dream reports assessed by graph analysis
author Martin, Joshua Michael
author_facet Martin, Joshua Michael
Andriano, Danyal Wainstein
Mota, Natália Bezerra
Rolim, Sérgio Arthuro Mota
Araujo, John Fontenele
Ribeiro, Sidarta Tollendal Gomes
author_role author
author2 Andriano, Danyal Wainstein
Mota, Natália Bezerra
Rolim, Sérgio Arthuro Mota
Araujo, John Fontenele
Ribeiro, Sidarta Tollendal Gomes
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Martin, Joshua Michael
Andriano, Danyal Wainstein
Mota, Natália Bezerra
Rolim, Sérgio Arthuro Mota
Araujo, John Fontenele
Ribeiro, Sidarta Tollendal Gomes
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Dreams
Sleep, REM
Sleep stages
topic Dreams
Sleep, REM
Sleep stages
description Dream reports collected after rapid eye movement sleep (REM) awakenings are, on average, longer, more vivid, bizarre, emotional and story-like compared to those collected after non-REM. However, a comparison of the word-to-word structural organization of dream reports is lacking, and traditional measures that distinguish REM and non-REM dreaming may be confounded by report length. This problem is amenable to the analysis of dream reports as non-semantic directed word graphs, which provide a structural assessment of oral reports, while controlling for individual differences in verbosity. Against this background, the present study had two main aims: Firstly, to investigate differences in graph structure between REM and non-REM dream reports, and secondly, to evaluate how non-semantic directed word graph analysis compares to the widely used measure of report length in dream analysis. To do this, we analyzed a set of 133 dream reports obtained from 20 participants in controlled laboratory awakenings from REM and N2 sleep. We found that: (1) graphs from REM sleep possess a larger connectedness compared to those from N2; (2) measures of graph structure can predict ratings of dream complexity, where increases in connectedness and decreases in randomness are observed in relation to increasing dream report complexity; and (3) measures of the Largest Connected Component of a graph can improve a model containing report length in predicting sleep stage and dream report complexity. These results indicate that dream reports sampled after REM awakening have on average a larger connectedness compared to those sampled after N2 (i.e. words recur with a longer range), a difference which appears to be related to underlying differences in dream complexity. Altogether, graph analysis represents a promising method for dream research, due to its automated nature and potential to complement report length in dream analysis.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv 2020-07-27T17:53:41Z
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv 2020-07-27T17:53:41Z
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv 2020-07-23
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv MARTIN, Joshua M.; ANDRIANO, Danyal Wainstein; MOTA, Natalia B.; MOTA-ROLIM, Sergio A.; ARAÚJO, John Fontenele; SOLMS, Mark; RIBEIRO, Sidarta. Structural differences between REM and non-REM dream reports assessed by graph analysis. Plos One, [S.l.], v. 15, n. 7, p. e0228903, jul. 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228903. Disponível em: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0228903. Acesso em: 27 jul. 2020.
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/29742
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0228903
identifier_str_mv MARTIN, Joshua M.; ANDRIANO, Danyal Wainstein; MOTA, Natalia B.; MOTA-ROLIM, Sergio A.; ARAÚJO, John Fontenele; SOLMS, Mark; RIBEIRO, Sidarta. Structural differences between REM and non-REM dream reports assessed by graph analysis. Plos One, [S.l.], v. 15, n. 7, p. e0228903, jul. 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228903. Disponível em: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0228903. Acesso em: 27 jul. 2020.
10.1371/journal.pone.0228903
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