Estrutura produtiva e desigualdade intermunicipal de renda no Brasil: uma abordagem regional

• Autor(a) principal: Alves, Denis Fernandes
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFRN
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/29486
• topic: CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA; Estrutura produtiva regional; Diferenciais de renda; Economia regional; Shift-share; Spatial panel fixed effects lag model

To think about the regional issue is to understand that there is a need to overcome certain disparities reproduced in the territory, from different perspectives, be they intra or interregional. The present dissertation had as general objective to analyze the productive structure of the Brazilian regions and the determinants of the inter-municipal income inequalities in Brazil. Both themes were studied in the light of regional economic theories. The study starts from two hypotheses that guide it, firstly that the most productive sectors and that need less qualification grow of dynamism in periods of crisis, and secondly, that the spatial factor helps to explain the differentials of income per capita in Brazil, based on socioeconomic indicators such as income distribution, health, education, infrastructure and others. As a methodological procedure, the shift-share method was used to analyze the regional productive structure, and techniques of exploratory approach to spatial data and spatial econometrics for the analysis the income inter-municipal inequalities in Brazil. The data used by the study are of a secondary nature from official bodies and time cut adopted is equivalent to different periods of the post-2000 years, comprising multiple characteristics and moments of the Brazilian economy, be they periods of economic growth and/or crisis in the economy. The results show that sectors such as commerce and services generated more jobs in the period of crisis to the detriment of the sectors of industry and civil construction, which have negative impacts on the labor market. The agricultural sector, on the other hand, showed strong seasonality in all periods of analysis. With regard to intermunicipal income inequality, there was a great regional difference, since the Low-Low clusters prevail in the North and Northeast regions, while the High-High clusters are largely located in the Center-South of the country. Through the econometric exercise, it was diagnosed by the Moran I, Hausman and Lagrange Multiplier tests that the most suitable model for the database used is the Spatial Panel Fixed Effects Lag Model. The results showed that the Gini indicators, infant mortality rate, infrastructure (households with inadequate water supply and sewage), population density and GDP per capita in a municipality positively and directly impact the increase in inter-municipal income inequality. Variables such as education and infrastructure (households with electrical installations) presented themselves as strong instruments in combating inter-municipal income inequality both in the municipality in question and in its neighbors, causing a reduction in income differentials. In general, it was observed that the characteristics of the regional productive structure end up concentrating a greater economic dynamism in the Center-South, in comparison to the more backward regions, such as North and Northeast. In addition, it is concluded that this inequality is also seen in the indicator of per capita income differentials and their determinants.