O racionalismo cr?tico de Karl Popper: um elo entre racionalidade epistemol?gica e racionalidade pol?tica

• Autor(a) principal: Vieira, Daniel Mota
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ
• Texto Completo: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/6068
• topic: Karl Popper; Epistemologia; Filosofia pol?tica; Karl Popper; Epistemology; Political Philosophy; Filosofia

The acceptance of metaphysical realism is the main pillar of the epistemological project of the philosopher Karl Popper (1902-1994). Supported by the rejection of the justificationist conception of the progress of knowledge, Popper sees the intersubjective critique of hypotheses or conjectures as the adequate path for the evolution of scientific knowledge. Based on this, in view of the logical-epistemological ascertainment of the decisive power of negative evidence as regards pronouncing on the nomic universality, we show that the liberal worldview, as embraced by Popper in The open society and its enemies, is that able to give criticism a positive relevance in the investigation of its projects, given that we do not learn by achieving Truth or absolute certainty, but by constantly applying the method of trial and error. Being aware of our inability to accumulate all the knowledge dispersed among variegated minds, in addition to the fragility of inductivism, we see that we cannot boast knowledge postulations that take over the whole of reality, and we will see that historicist theories, that is, supported by acceptance of an inexorable historical destiny, and utopians are incompatible with the negative epistemology embraced by the Austrian philosopher and extended by him to socio-political analysis. We will conclude with a brief analysis of criticisms developed by commentators, highlighting Anthony Quinton (1925-2010), who, observing Popper's comments on the philosophies of Plato, Hegel and Marx, given as the main enemies of open society, doubts a strong connection between historicism and totalitarianism and considers that none of these three thinkers was totalitarian. Plato and Hegel would be, at most, promoters of an authoritarian project of power. In the same way, we will see the main guidelines of Burleigh Taylor Wilkins's (1932-2015) criticism of Popperian anti-historicism, within the question about a possible meaning of history, in his famous book Has History Any Meaning? A Critique of Popper?s Philosophy of History (1978)