Teores de iodo na dieta e função da tireóide em gatos

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Priscila Cardim de
Data de Publicação: 2011
Tipo de documento: Dissertação
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ
Texto Completo: https://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/14251
Resumo: O excesso de iodo, bem como sua deficiência, pode provocar disfunção da tireóide na dependência da dose de iodo e das condições prévias da glândula. Considerando o pressuposto de que as dietas comerciais para gatos contêm quantidades de iodo além das necessidades da espécie, foi proposta desse estudo avaliar os teores de iodo em dietas comerciais secas e úmidas para gatos adultos em relação as exigências da espécie e os aspectos morfométricos e funcionais da glândula tireóide de 20 gatos adultos alimentados com ração contendo 2,8 mg/I/kg/MS. Em 29 amostras de ração para gatos adultos, comercializadas no Rio de Janeiro os teores de iodo variaram entre 2,7 e 3,4 mg/kg/MS nas rações secas e de 2,9 a 4,0 mg/kg/MS nas rações úmidas. As médias entre rações secas e úmidas foram superiores e o consumo diário estimado ficou acima das estimativas recentes para gatos adultos (NRC, 2006). No exame ultrassonográfico o volume glandular total médio da tireoide foi igual a 0,143 cm3 sendo maior na tireóide esquerda (0,075 cm3), comparativamente à direita (0,068 cm3). As concentrações de tiroxina total (T4) e triiodotironina total (T3) nos 20 gatos estudados que variaram entre 0,62 e 1,51 μg/dl, com média de 1,056 ± 1,77 μg/dl para o T4 e de 0,10 a 0,45 ng/ml para T3 foram baixas em relação aos valores de referência. As alterações no hemograma e bioquímica sérica não foram significativas para descrever as alterações tireóideas, bem como não foram consistentes para diferenciar da condição de eutireóideo doente. A hipótese de que ingestão excessiva diária de iodo pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de hipertireoidismo não foi corroborada pelos valores de T4 e T3 total e achados ultrassonográficos, visto que no hipertireoidismo as glândulas tireóides estariam hipertróficas e os valores de T4 e T3 elevados.
id UFRRJ-1_3c3bd1dbbca04d936b8e4c5ff07a6979
oai_identifier_str oai:rima.ufrrj.br:20.500.14407/14251
network_acronym_str UFRRJ-1
network_name_str Repositório Institucional da UFRRJ
repository_id_str
spelling Oliveira, Priscila Cardim deBotteon, Rita de Cássia Campbell Machado826.217.807-68http://lattes.cnpq.br/3657345421935320Carciofi, Aulus CavalieriSouza, Heloisa Justem Moreira de721.473.507-53http://lattes.cnpq.br/60694740858211362023-12-22T02:58:18Z2023-12-22T02:58:18Z2011-08-31OLIVEIRA, Priscila Cardim de. Teores de iodo na dieta e função da tireóide em gatos. 2011. 109 f. Dissertação (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Patologia e Ciências Clínicas) - Instituo de Veterinária Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, 2011.https://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/14251O excesso de iodo, bem como sua deficiência, pode provocar disfunção da tireóide na dependência da dose de iodo e das condições prévias da glândula. Considerando o pressuposto de que as dietas comerciais para gatos contêm quantidades de iodo além das necessidades da espécie, foi proposta desse estudo avaliar os teores de iodo em dietas comerciais secas e úmidas para gatos adultos em relação as exigências da espécie e os aspectos morfométricos e funcionais da glândula tireóide de 20 gatos adultos alimentados com ração contendo 2,8 mg/I/kg/MS. Em 29 amostras de ração para gatos adultos, comercializadas no Rio de Janeiro os teores de iodo variaram entre 2,7 e 3,4 mg/kg/MS nas rações secas e de 2,9 a 4,0 mg/kg/MS nas rações úmidas. As médias entre rações secas e úmidas foram superiores e o consumo diário estimado ficou acima das estimativas recentes para gatos adultos (NRC, 2006). No exame ultrassonográfico o volume glandular total médio da tireoide foi igual a 0,143 cm3 sendo maior na tireóide esquerda (0,075 cm3), comparativamente à direita (0,068 cm3). As concentrações de tiroxina total (T4) e triiodotironina total (T3) nos 20 gatos estudados que variaram entre 0,62 e 1,51 μg/dl, com média de 1,056 ± 1,77 μg/dl para o T4 e de 0,10 a 0,45 ng/ml para T3 foram baixas em relação aos valores de referência. As alterações no hemograma e bioquímica sérica não foram significativas para descrever as alterações tireóideas, bem como não foram consistentes para diferenciar da condição de eutireóideo doente. A hipótese de que ingestão excessiva diária de iodo pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de hipertireoidismo não foi corroborada pelos valores de T4 e T3 total e achados ultrassonográficos, visto que no hipertireoidismo as glândulas tireóides estariam hipertróficas e os valores de T4 e T3 elevados.Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do RJ, FAPERJ, Brasil.The excess of iodine and its deficiency can cause thyroid dysfunction depending on the dose of iodine and of the preconditions of the gland. Given the assumption that commercial diets for cats contain amounts of iodine beyond the minimum needs of the species, this study was proposed to evaluate the content of iodine in wet and dry commercial diets for adult cats in relation to requirements for species and morphometric aspects and functional thyroid gland in cats fed high levels of iodine. In 29 samples of food for adult cats, marketed in Rio de Janeiro iodine levels ranged between 2.7 and 3.4 mg / kg / MS in dry food and 2.9 to 4.0 mg / kg / MS in wet food. The means between wet and dry rations were higher and the estimated daily consumption was above the recent estimates for adult cats (NRC, 2006). Ultrasound examination in the mean total glandular volume was equal to 0.143 cm3 being greater in the left thyroid (0.075 cm3) compared to the right (0.068 cm3). The concentrations of total thyroxine (T4) and total triiodothyronine (T3) in 20 cats studied varied between 0.62 and 1.51 mg / dl, with an average of 1.056 ± 1.77 mg / dl for T4 and 0, 10 to 0.45 ng / ml for T3 were low compared to the baseline. Changes in blood count and serum biochemistry were not significant to describe the changes secondary to thyroid iodine excess, and were not consistent in differentiating the condition of euthyroid sick. The hypothesis that excessive intake of iodine daily can contribute to the development of hyperthyroidism was not supported by the values of T4 and total T3 and sonographic findings, whereas in hyperthyroidism the thyroid glands were hypertrophic and the values of T4 and T3 were higher.application/pdfporUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária (Patologia e Ciências Clínicas)UFRRJBrasilInstituto de Veterináriatireóidedoença metabólicaiododietathyroid diseasemetabolic diseaseiodine dietMedicina VeterináriaTeores de iodo na dieta e função da tireóide em gatosAvailability of iodine in the diet for cats and funcion of thyroid feeding in catsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisAAFCO. Association of American Feed Control Officials. Official publication, 135, 143,1999. ABOZENAH, H.A.; SHOEB, S.A.; SABRY, A.A.; ISMAIL, H.A. Relating circulating thyroid hormone concentrations to serum interleukins-6 and -10 in association with non-thyroidal illnesses including chronic renal insufficiency. Endocrine Disorders., v.8, n.1., p. 19-23, 2008. http://www.sid.ir/en/VEWSSID/J_pdf/116620080103.pdf ALVARADO, C.A.; HODGKINSON, S.M.; ALOMAR, D.; BOROSCHEK, D. Evaluation of the chemical composition of dry dogfoods commercialized in Chile used for growing dogs. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, v.60, n.1, p.218-226, 2008. http://www.scielo.br/pdf/abmvz/v60n1/a30v60n1.pdf ANSÓTEGUI, J.A.; SEGURA, S.A. Iodine deficiency in Spain: A circumstantially significant ingestion but with no clear public health strategy that ensures sustainability. Anales de Pediatria (Barcelona), v.72, n.5, p.297-301, 2010. http://www.elsevier.es/en/revistas/anales-pediatria-37/iodine-deficiency-in-spain-a-circumstantially-significant-13150509-editorial-2010 ANVISA, 2009. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, Programa Nacional para Prevenção e Controle dos Distúrbios por Deficiência de Iodo. Disponível em: http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/wps/wcm/connect/d3a3ed0046ea52e3afc4efcf6dd262ad/Relatorio_pro_Iodo_2010.pdf?MOD=AJPERES BAZOLLI, R.S.; CARCIOFI, A.C.; VASCONCELOS, R.S. Determinação da energia metabolizável de alimentos premium e super premium - resultados preliminares. ZOOTEC, 2004. Disponível em : http://www.abz.org.br/publicacoes-tecnicas/anais-zootec/artigos-cientificos/pequenos-animais-domesticos-silvestres/23044-Determinao-energia-metabolizvel-alimentos-premium-super-premium---resultados-preliminares.html. BERSON, S.A. Pathways of iodine metabolism. American Journal of Medicine, v.20, p.653, 1956. BIRCHARD, S.J. Thyroidectomy in the cat. Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice, v. 21, n.1, 2006, p. 29-33. 83 BOELEN, A., KWAKKEL, J., PLATVOET-TER SCHIPHORST, M., BAUR, A., KÖHRLE, J., WIERSINGA, W.M. Contribution of interleukin-12 to the pathogenesis of non-thyroidal illness. Hormonal. Metabolic. Research. v.36, p.101–106, 2004. BOYD, R.J. Feline hyperthyroidism, in proceeding of the 29th World Congress of the WSAVA,6-9 October 2004, Rhodes, Greece, 2004. BOYER, C.I.J.R.; ANDREWS, E. J.; DELAHUNTA, A.; BACHE, C.A.; GUTENMAN, W. H.; LISK, D. J. Accumulation of mercury and selenium in tissues of kittens fed commercial cat food. The Cornell Veterinarian, v. 68, n. 3, p. 365-374, 1978. BRASIL. Ministério da Agricultura. Instrução Normativa Nº 9, de 10 de abril de 2008. Diário Oficial da União de 17/04/2008 , Seção 1 , Página 28.BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde. Agência de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Resolução – RDC n° 130 de 26 de Maio de 2003. Disponível em: http://189.28.128.100/nutricao/docs/iodo/resolucao_diario_oficial_n_272.pdf BRASIL. MINISTRO DE ESTADO DA SAÚDE. PORTARIA Nº 520/GM DE 6 DE ABRIL DE 2005. Institui Comissão Interinstitucional para a Prevenção e o Controle dos Distúrbios por Deficiência de Iodo e dá outras providências. http://189.28.128.100/nutricao/docs/iodo/portaria_iodo.pdf BRAVERMAN, L.; INGBAR, S.H. Changes in thyroidal function during adaptation to large doses of iodide. Journal Clinical Investigation, v.42, p. 1216-1231, 1963. BRAVERMAN, L.E .; UTIGER, R.D. Introduction to thyrotoxicosis. In: Braverman LE, Utiger RD, eds. Werner and Ingbar’s the thyroid: a fundamental and clinical text. Philadelphia: Lippincott- Raven, 1996, p.522–24. BRENT, G.A., HERSHMAN, J.M. Thyroxin therapy in patients with severe nonthyroidal illnesses and lower serum thyroxin concentration. Journal Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism v.63, p.1-8,1986. BROOME, M.R.; FELDMAN E.C.; TURREL, J.M. Serial determination of thyroxine concentrations in hyperthyroid cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v.192, n.1, p. 49-51, 1988. 84 BROWN, M.C.; SPENCER, R. Thyroid gland volume estimated by use of ultrasound in addition to scintigraphy. Acta Radiology Oncology, v. 17, n. 4, p. 337-341, 1978. CARCIOFI, A.C.; VASCONCELLOS, R.S.; BORGES, N.C.; MORO, J.V.; PRADA, F.; FRAGA, V.O. Composição nutricional e avaliação de rótulo de rações secas para cães comercializadas em Jaboticabal-SP. Arquivo Brasileiro Medicina Veterinária Zootecnia, v.58, n.3, p.421-426, 2006. CARDOSO, L.C; MARTINS, D.C.; CAMPOS, D.V; SANTOS, L.M.; CORREA DA COSTA, V.M.; ROSENTHAL, D. Effects of iodine or iopanoic acido n thyroid Ca 2+/ NADPH- dependent H2O2- generating activity and thyroperoxidase in toxic diffuse goiters. European Journal Endocrinology, v.147, p.293-8, 2002. CARDOSO, L.C.; MARTINS, D.C.; FIGUEIREDO, M.D. ; ROSENTHAL, D.; VAISMAN, M.; VIOLANTE, A.H. Ca 2+/ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dependet H2 O2 generation is inhibited by iodine in human thyroid. Journal Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism, v.86, p.4339-43, 2001. CARDOSO, M.J.L.; COSTA, F.S.; MUNIZ, L.M.R.; ZALITH, A.C.A.; PADOVANI, C.R.; ARAGON, F.F. Manifestações clínicas em gatos com hipertireoidismo experimental. Archives of Veterinary Science, v.10, n.2, p.135-144, 2005. CARDOSO, M.J.L.; COSTA, F.S.; MUNIZ, L.M.R.; VALÉRIO, M.A.; MELUSSI, M. Hiperparatireoidismo em gatos com hipertireoidismo experimental. Arquivo Brasileiro Medicina Veterinária Zootecnia, v.60, n.3, p.620-625, 2008. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/abmvz/v60n3/15.pdf. CARLOS, R.S.A.; ALBUQUERQUE, G.R. Hipertireoidismo felino: relato de caso. Revista Clínica Veterinária, n.57, p.56-61, 2005. CARPIM, W.G.; OLIVEIRA, M.C. Qualidade nutricional de rações secas para cães adultos comercializadas em Rio Verde – GO. Biotemas, v.22, n.02, p.181-186, 2009. http://www.biotemas.ufsc.br/volumes/pdf/volume222/181a186.pdf CARVALHO, C.F. Ultra-sonografia em pequenos animais. São Paulo: Roca, 2004, p.236-238. 85 CASTILLO, V. A.; PISAREV, M. A.; LALIA, J. C., RODRIGUÉZ, M. S.; CABRINI, H. L.; MÁRQUEZ, A. G. Commercial diet induce hypothyroidism due to high iodine. Histopathological and radiological analysis. Veterinary Quartely, v.23, 2001. CASTILLO, V.A.; RODRIGUEZ, M.S.; LALIA, J.C. Morphologic changes in the thyroid glands of puppies fed a high-iodine commercial diet. Apopka: International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine, v.1, n.1, 2003. CASTILLO, V.A.; ZEO, G.; CASAS, G.; LALIA, J.; PISAREV,M.. Estudio Ecografico y Morfologico de la Tireóides Canina Sometida a Exceso de Yodo Dietario Durante el Crecimiento. Proceedings of the VII Latinamerican Thyroid Congress, Vina del Mar, Chile, abstract, p. 21. 1997. CASTRILLO, C.; HERVERA, M.; BAUCELLS, M.D. Methods for predicting the energy value of pet foods. Revista. Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.38, p.1-14, 2009. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S1516-35982009001300001&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en CHASTAIN, C. B. In: HOSKINS, J.D. Pediatria Veterinária. Cães e gatos de 0 até 6 mese de idade. 10ed, 1993, p. 271-294. CHASTAIN, C.B. Canine hypothyroidism. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. v,181, p.349-353, 1982. CHASTAIN, C.B. O sistema endócrino e metabólico. In: GOLDSTON, R.T., HOSKINS, J.D. Geriatria e gerontologia cão e gato. 1999, p. 335. CHASTAIN, C.B. Os sistemas endócrino e metabólico. In: HOSKINS, J.D. Pediatria Veterinária. 2 ed.,1997, p. 339. CHASTAIN, C.B.; GANJAM, V.K. Clinical Endocrinology of Companion Animals. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company 2a. ed., 1986, p.548-564. CHASTAIN, C.B.; PANCIERA D.L. In : Tratado de medicina interna veterinária. Afecções hipotireóideas. 4ed, v. 2, cap. 115, 1997, p. 2054-2072. 86 CHOPRA, I.J.; SOLOMON, D.H.; CHUA TECO, G.N.; EISENBERG, J.B. An inhibitor of the binding of thyroid hormones to serum proteins is present in extrathyroidal tissues. Science, v.215,p. 407-9,1982. CHOPRA, I.J., HERSHMAN, J.M., PARDRIDGE, W.M., NICOLOFF, J.T., Thyroid function in nonthyroidal illnesses. Animal Internal Medicine, 98 June v.6, p.946–957, 1983. COFFMAN, H.D. The cat food reference. Nashua: PigDog Press, 1997. COLES, E.H. Patologia clínica veterinária.3.ed., 1984, p.566. CRYSTAL, M. A.; NORSWORTHY, G. D. Hyperthyroidism. In: NORSWORTHY, G.D.;CRYSTAL, M.A.; GRACE, S.F.; TILLEY, L.P. (ed). The Feline Patient. 3. ed. Iowa: Blackwell Publishing, 2006, p. 146-150. CUNHA, M.G.M.C.M. Tireóidectomia extracapsular associada ao Transplante da glândula paratireóide em um felino. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, v.35, s.2, p.468-469, 2007. Trabalho apresentado no Congresso Brasileiro da ANCLIVEPA, 28., Florianópolis, 2007. CUNNINGHAM, J.G. Tratado de Fisiologia. 2ª edição. 1999, p. 230-245. DAMIANI, D.; DAMIANI, D. Síndrome do doente eutireoidiano. Revista Brasileira de Medicina, 2011. Disponível em: http://www.moreirajr.com.br/revistas.asp?fase=r003&id_materia=2883 DAYAN, C.M.; DANIELS, G.H. Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. The New England Journal of Medicine , v.335, p.99–107, 1996. DE MARCO, V. et al. Hipotireoidismo na espécie canina: avaliação da ultrasonografia cervical como metodologia diagnóstico. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, v. 43, n.6, p. 753, 2006. DE WET, C.S., MOONEY, C.T., THOMPSON, P.N., SCHOEMAN, J.P. Prevalence of and risk factors for feline hyperthyroidism in Hong Kong, Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, v.11,n. 4,p. 315-321. 2009. 87 DELANGE F.M.; ERMANS, A.M. Iodine deficiency. In: Braverman LE, Utiger RD, eds. Werner and Ingbar’s the thyroid: a fundamental and clinical text. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1996, p.296–316. DICKIE A. Imaging of the Neck. In: Mannion P et al. Diagnostic Ultrasound in Small Animal Practice. Cambrigde: Wiley Blackwell, 2006, p.251-277. DICKSON, W.M. Glândulas endócrinas. In: SWENSON, M.J.; REECE, W.O. (ed). Dukes Fisiologia dos Animais Domésticos. 11. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan,. 1996, .p. 571-602. DIXON R.M.; REID S.W.J.; MOONEY C.T. Epidemiological, clinical, haematological and biochemical characteristics of canine hypothyroidism. The Veterinary Record v.145, p.481-487, 1999. DIXON R.M. In: Manual de endocrinologia canina e felina. MOONEY C.T.; PETERSON M.E. Hipotireodismo Canino. British Small Animal Veterinary Association, 2009, p.91-113, Editora Roca. DIXON, R.M.; MONKEY, C.T. Evaluation of serum free thyroxine and thyrotropin concentrations in the diagnosis of canine hypohyroidism. Journal Small Animal Practic, n. 40, v. 2, p. 72 – 78, 1999. DIXON, R.M.; MONKEY, C.T. Canine serum thyroglobulin autoantibodiesin health, hypothyroidism and non-thyroidal illness. Research in Veterinary Science v.66, p.243-246, 1999a. DOHÁN, O.; VIEJA, A.D.L.; PARODER, V.; RIEDEL, C.; ARTANI,; REED, M; GINTER, C.; CARRASCO, N. The sodion/iodide symporter (NIS): Characterization, Regulation, and Medical Significance. Endocrinology Review, v.24, p.48-77, 2003. DONATTI, F.C. Teor de iodo em rações e sua relação com hipotireoidismo em cães no Brasil. Tese de doutorado Universidade Federal Rurla do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. DROST, W.T.; MATTOON, J.S.; WEISBRODE, S.E. Use of helical computed tomography for measurement of thyroid glands in clinically normal cats. American Journal of 88 Veterinary Research, v. 67, n.3, p.467-471, 2006. (Abstract). Disponível em: http://avmajournals.avma.org/doi/abs/10.2460/ajvr.67.3.467 DUCKETT, W.M. Tireóide. In: REED, S.M.; BAYLY, W.M. (Eds). Medicina interna eqüina. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 2000, p.784-792. DUKES, A.H.H. Fisiologia dos Animais Domésticos, 1999, p.581. DUNN JT, SEMIGRAM MJ, DELANGE F. The prevention and management of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism and its cardiac features. Thyroid, v.8, n.1, p.101-6,1998. EDINBORO, C.H.; SCOTT-MONCRIEFF, J.C.; GLICKMAN, L.T. Feline Hyperthyroidism: Potencial relationship with iodine supplement requirements of commercial cat food. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, v.12, p.672-679, 2010. EDINBORO, C.H.; SCOTT-MONCRIEFF, J.C.; JANOVITZ, E.; THACKER, H.L.; GLICKMAN,L.T. Epidemiologic study of relationships between consumption of commercial canned food and riskof hyperthyroidism in cats. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, v.224, n.6, p.879-886, 2004. ENG, P.H ; CARDONA, G.R ; FANG, S.L ; PREVITI, M. ; ALEX, S. ; CARRASCO, N. Escape from acute Wolff- Chaikoff effects is associated with a decrease in thyroid sodium/ iodide symporter Messenger ribonucleic acid and protein. Endocrinology, v.140, p.3404-3410, 1999. ENGELKING, L.R. Hipertireoidismo. Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabólica em Medicina Veterinária. 2 edição, 2010, p.102 e 103. EVVARD, J.M. Iodine deficiency symptoms and their significance in animal nutrition and pathology. Endocrinology, v.12, p.529, 1928. FARIA, V.P. Avaliação clínica, laboratorial e ecocardiográfica de gatos domésticos hipertireóideos no período entre 2007-2008. Tese de mestrado. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. FEDIAF. European pet food industry federation. Nutritional guidelines for complete and complementary pet food for cats and dogs. 2008, p.76. 89 FELDMAN, E.C.; NELSON, R.W. In: Endocrinology and Reproduction. 3 ed, p.152-249, 2004. FELDMAN, E.C.; NELSON, R.W. Canine and Feline Endocrinology and Reproduction, 1987, p.558-633. FERGUSON, D.C.; FREEDMAN, R. Goiter in apparently euthyroid cats. In: AUGUST, J.R. Consultations in Feline Internal Medicine. 5. ed., 2006, p.207-215. FERREIRA NETO, J.M.; VIANA, E.S.; MAGALHÃES, L.M. Patologia clínica veterinária, 1978, p.279. FIENNES, R.N.T.W.; GRAHAM-JONES, O. Studies of anutritional disease (osteodystrophia fibrosa) of young lions associated with changes in the skeleton and symptoms of muscular weakness. Proceeding of Zoological Society of London, v.133, p.573–92, 1960. FOSSUM, T.W. Cirurgia de Pequenos Animais, 2001, p.476-490. FOX, P.R.; BROUSSARD, J.D.; PETERSON, M.E. Hyperthiroidism and other high outputstates. In: FOX, P.R.; SISSON, D.; MOISE, N.S. Textbook of canine and feline cardiology- Principles and clinical practice. 2 ed., 1999, p.781-793. FURNÉE, C.A.; WEST, C.E; VAN DER HAAR, F.; HAUTVAST, J.G. Efficacy of oral iodised oil is associated with anthropometric status in severely iodine deficient schoolchildren in rural Malawi. Brazilian Journal Nutrition. v.84, p.345-52, 2000. GERARD, C.M.; LEFORD, A.; CHISTOPHE, D.; LIBERT, F.; VAN SANDE, J.; DUMONT, J.E. Control of thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin transcription by aAMP: evidence for distinct regulatory mechanism. Molecular Endocrinology, v.3, p.2110-8, 1989. GERBER, H; PETER, H.; FEGURSON, D.C; PETERSON, M.E. Etiopathology of feline toxic nodular goiter. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, v.24, n.3, p.541-565, 1994, GOMÉZ, N.V.; CASTILLO, V.A.; GISBERT, M.A.; PISANO, P.; MIRA, G.; FONTANALS, A.; BLATTER, M.F.C. Immune-endocrine interactions in treated and untreated cats naturally infected with FIV. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 2011. 90 GRAVES, T.K.; PETERSON, M.E.; BIRCHARD, S.J. Glândula tireóide. In: BIRCHARD, S.J.; SHERDING, R.G. Clínica de pequenos animais, 1998, p.247. GREAVES, J.P.; SCOTT, M.G.; SCOTT, P.P. Thyroid changesin cats on a high protein diet, raw heart. Journal of Physiology, v.148, p.73–74, 1959. GRECO, D.; STABENFELDT, G.H. Glândulas endócrinas e suas funções. In: CUNNINGHAM, J. Tratado de fisiologia veterinária. 2. ed., 1999, p.324-350. GROSS, J.; PITT-RIVERS, R. Physiological activity of 3:5:3'-L-triiodothyronine. The Lancet., v.22, p.593-4. 1952. GROSS, K.L; WEDEKIND, K.J.; COWELL, C.S. Nutrients. In: MS HAND, THATCHER, C.D.; REMILLARD, R.L.; ROUDEBUSH, P. Small animal clinical nutrition. 4th, v.33, 2000. GUNN-MOORE, D. Feline endocrinopathies. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, v.35, n.1, p.171-210, 2005. GUNN-MOORE, D. Feline endocrinopathies. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, v.35, n.1, p.171-210, 2005. GUPTA S. Study of activated T cells in man. II. Interleukin 2 receptor and transferrin receptor expression on T cells and production of interleukin 2 in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex. Clinical Immunology Immunopathology, v.38, p.93-100, 1986. GUTENMANN, W.H. Toxic and protective constituents in pet foods. American Journal of Veterinarian Research, v.47, p.1633–37, 1986 GUYTON, A.C.; HALL, J.E. Os Hormônios Metabólicos da Tireóide. In: Tratado de Fisiologia Médica. 9 ed., 1997, p.859-869. HAIPEK et al., Hipertireoidismo em felinos: 08 casos (1997- 2003). In: congresso brasileiro de clínicos veterináriosveterinários de pequenos animais, 25., 2004, Gramado. Revista da ANCLIVEPA Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Régis .Comunicação e Marketing. Suplem, p.51, 2004. 91 HAY, I.D; MORRIS, J.C. Toxic adenoma and toxic multinodular goiter. In: BRAVERMAN, L.E, UTIGER, R.D, eds. Werner and Ingbar’s the thyroid: a fundamental and clinical text. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1996, p.556–72. HAYASHI, N.; TAMAKI, N.; KONISHI, J. Sonography of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Journal of Clinical Ultrasound, v.14, p.123–6, 1986. HENNEMANN, G.; DOCTER, R.; FRIESEMA, E.C.; DE JONG, M.; KRENNING, E.P.; VISSER, T.J. Plasma membrane transport of thyroid hormones and its role in thyroid hormone metabolism and bioavailability. Endocrinology Review, v.22, p.451-76, 2001. HÖFLING, D.B.; CERRI, G.G.; JULIANO, A.G.; MARUI, S.; CHAMMAS, M.C. Importância da ecogenicidade da tireóide no diagnóstico da tireoidite crônica auto-imune. Radiologia Brasileira, v.41, n.6, p.409-417, 2008. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S010039842008000600012&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=pt IHLE, S.L. Deficiência de crescimento. In: ETTINGER, S.J., FELDMAN, E.C. Tratado de medicina interna veterinária. 4 ed. Manole, São Paulo, SP, 1997, p.47. INGBAR, S.H. The thyroid gland. In: WILSON J.D.; FOSTER, D.W. (eds): Textbook of endocrinology, 1985, p.682 – 815. INGENBLECK Y. Thyroid function in nonthyroidal illness.In De Visscher M (ed): The Thyroid, 1st ed., New York, Raven Press, 1980; p.499-527. JAIN,N.C. Comparative Hematology of Common Domestic Animals. In: JAIN, N.C. Essentials of Veterinary Hematology, 1993, p.19-53. JOHNSON, C.A. Reproductive manifestations of thyroid disease. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, v.24, n.3, p.509-514, 1994. JOHNSON,L.A ; FORD,H.C. ; TARTTELIN,M.F. ; FEEK,C.M. Iodine content of commercially-prepared cat foods. The New Zealand Veterinary Journal, v.40, p.18–20, 1992. 92 JONES, B.R. ; GRUFFYDD-JONES, T.J. ; SPARKES, A.H ; LUCKE, V.M. Preliminary studies on congenital hypothyroidism in a family of Abyssinian cats. Veterinary Record, v.131, p.145, 1992. JONES, T.C.; HUNT, R.D.; KING, N.W. Patologia Veterinária, 6 ed., Glândulas Endócrinas, 2000, p.1245-1280. JUNQUEIRA, L.C.; CARNEIRO, J. Histologia Básica, 9 ed., 1999, p.74-76. KANTROWITZ, L.B.; PETERSON, M.E; MELIAN, C. ;NICHOLS, R. Serum total thyroxine, total triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and thyrotropin concentration in dogs with nonthyroidal illness. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v.219, p.765, 2001. KAPTEIN EM, WEINER JM, ROBINSON WJ, WHEELER WS, NICOLOFF JT. Relationship of altered thyroid hormone indices to survival in nonthyroidal illness. Clinical Endocrinology, v.16, p.565-74,1982. KAPTEIN, E.M.Thyroid hormones metabolism in nonthyroidal illness. Proceed ACVIM, Washington DC, p.643, 1988. KASS, P.H.; PETERSON, M.E.; LEVY,J.; JAMES, K.; BECKER, D.V.; COWGILL, L. D. Evaluation of environmental, nutritional, and host factors in cats with hyperthyroidism. Journal Veterinary Internal Medicine, v.13, n.4, p.323-329, 1999. KEALY, J.K, MCALLISTER, H. Radiologia e Ultrassonografia do Cão e do Gato. 2005, p.36. KEALY, J.K; MCALLISTER, H.; GRAHAM, J.P. Diagnostic Radiology and Ultrasonography of the dog and cat. 5ed, cap. 6, 2011, p.543-562. KIENZLE, E . Futher developments in the precticion of metabolizable energy in pet food. Pet Food Journal. Nutrition, v.132, p.1796S-1789S, 2002. KIMURA, E.T. In: Fisiologia. Glândula Tireóide. Margarida de Melo Aires. Editora Guanabara Koogan, 2008, p.991-1014. 93 KIMURA, H., TZOU, S.C., ROCCHI, R., KIMURA, M., SUZUKI, K., PARLOW, A.F., ROSE, N.R., CATUREGLI, P. Interleukin (IL)-12-driven primary hypothyroidism: the contrasting roles of two Th1 cytokines (IL-12 and interferon-gamma). Endocrinology, v.146, p.3642–3651, 2005. KNOBEL, M.; MEDEIROS NETO, G. Moléstias Associadas à Carência. Arquivo Brasileiro Endocrinologia Metabolismo, v.48, n.1, 2004. KOGAI, T.; ENDO, T.; SAITO, T.; MIYAZAKI, A.; KAWAGUCHI, A.; ONAYA, T. Regulation by thyroid- stimulating hormone of sodium/iodide symporter gene expression and protein levels in FRTL-5 cells. Endocrinology, v.138, p.2227-2232, 1997. KYLE, A. H.; TARTTELIN, M. F.; COOKE, R. R.; FORD, H. C. Serum free thyroxine levels in cats maintained on diets relatively high or low in iodine. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, v.42, n.3, p.101-103, 1994. LANGSTON, C.E.; REINE, N.J. Hyperthyroidism and the kidney Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice, v.21, n.1, p.17-21, 2006. LARSEN, P.R ; DAVIS, T.F ; SCHLUMBERGER, M.J ; HAY, I.D. Thyroid physiology and diagnostic evaluation of patients with thyroid disorders. In: LARSEN, P.R ; KRONENBERG, H.M ; MELMED, S.; POLONSKY, K.S. editors. Williams textbook of endocrinology, 10th ed., 2003, p.331-73. LEOUTSAKOS, V. A short history of the thyroid gland. Hormones, v.3, n.4, p. 268-271, 2004. http://hormones.gr/pdf/1116418205.pdf LEWIS, L.D. Obesity. In: LEWIS, L.D.; MORRIS, M.L.; HAND, M.S.: Small Animal Nutrition III. Mark Morris Associates, p.1-39, 1999. LINDSAY, R.S.; TOFT, A.D. Hypothyroidism. Lancet, v.349, p.413-417, 1997. LING, G.V.; LOWENSINE, L.J.; KANEKO, J.J. Serum thyroxin (T4) and triiodotironina (T3) uptake values in normal adult cats. American Journal of Veterinary Research, v.35, n.9, p.1247-1249, 1974. 94 LO PRESTI, J.; FRIED, J.C.; SPENCER, C.A.; NICOLOFF, J.T. Unique alterations of thyroid hormone indices in the acquired imunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Annals Internal Medicine, v.110, p.970-5, 1989. LURYE, J.C. Update on treatment of hyperthyroidism. In: AUGUST, J.R. Consultations in feline internal medicine. Missouri: Elsevier Saunders, c.22, 2006, p.199-205. MACIEL RMB, VIEIRA JGH, DIB SA, RUSSO EMK. Síndrome do T3 baixo com eutiroidismo em doença sistêmica severa. Revista da Associação Medicina Brasileira, v,29, p.63-6, 1983. Manual Merck, 2011. Disponível em www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jspcfile=htm/bc/ref_00.htm. MARTIN, K.M.; ROSSING, M. A.; RYLAND, L. M.; DIGIACOMO, R. F.; FREITAG, W. A. Evaluation of dietary and environmental risk factors for hyperthyroidism in cats. Journal American Veterinary Medicine Association, v. 217, n. 6, p. 853-856, 2000. MARTIN, K.M.; ROSSING, M.A.; RYLAND, L. M.; DIGIACOMO, R.F.; FREITA, G. W.A. Evaluation of dietary and environmental risk factors for hyperthyroidism in cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v.217, n.6, p.853-856, 2000. MAYER-ROENNE, B ; GOLDSTEIN, R.E.; ERB, H. N. Urinary tract infections in cats with hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, v.9, n.2, p.124-132, 2007. MCLACHLAN, S.M ; RAPOPRT, B. Autoimmune response to the thyroid in humans thyroid peroxidase – the common autoantigenic denominator. International Reviews of Immunology v.19, p.587-618, 2000. MEYER, D.J.; COLES, E.H.; RICH, L.J. Medicina de laboratório veterinário. Interpretação e diagnóstico. São Paulo: Roca, 1995, p.308. MOONEY C.T. ; PETERSON M.E. Hipotireodismo Canino. British Small Animal Veterinary Association, p.91-113, 2009. MOONEY, C. Decision making in the treatment for hyperthyroidism in cats. In Practice, v.18, n.4, 1996, p.150-156. 95 MOONEY, C.T. Feline hyperthyroidism: diagnostics and therapeutics. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, v.31, n.5, p.963-983, 2001. MOONEY, C.T. Pathogenesis of feline hyperthyroidism. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, n.4, p.167-169, 2002. MOONEY, C.T.; THODAY, K.L. ; DOXEY, D.L. Effects of illness not associated with the thyroid gland on serum total and free thyroxine concetration in cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v.208, p.2004, 1996. MORAND, S.; CHAARAOUI, M.; KANIEWSKI, J.; DEME, D.; OHAYON, R. ; NOEL-HUDSON, M.S. Effects of iodide on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity and Duox 2 protein expression in isolated porcine thyroids follicles. Endocrinology, v.144, p.1241-8, 2003. MORI DA CUNHA, M.G.M.C.; PIPPI, N.L.; GOMES, K.; BECKMANN, D.V. Hipertireoidismo felino – Revisão de literatura. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, v.38, n.5, p.1486-1494, 2008. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/cr/v38n5/a50v38n5.pdf MOURA, E.G ; ROSENTHAL, D. ; CARVALHO GUIMARAES, D.P. Thyroid peroxidase activity in humna nodular goiters. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, v.22, p.31,1989. MÜLLER, H.W.; SCHRÖDER, S.; SCHNEIDER, C.; SEIFERT, G. Sonographic tissue characterization in thyroid gland diagnosis. A correlation between sonography and histology. Journal of Molecular Medicine, v.63, n.15, p.703-710, 1985. Disponível em: http://www.springerlink.com/content/wg38775064650rp3/ MUMMA, R.O.; RASHID, K.A.; SHANE, B.S.; SCARLETT-KRANZ, J.M.; HOTCHKISS, J.H.; ECKERLIN, R.H.; MAYLIN, G.A.; LEE, C.Y.; RUTZKE, M.; GUTENMANN, W.H. Toxic and protective constituents in pet foods. American Journal of Veterinarian Research, v.47, p.1633–37, 1986. MUNDAY, H. S. Alimentando gatos para toda la vida. Waltham Focus, v.6, n.2, p 9-15, 1996. 96 NAAN, E.C.; KIRPENSTEIJN, J.; KOOISTRA, H.S.; Results of thyroidectomy in 101 cats with hyperthyroidism. Veterinary Surgery, v.35, n.3, p.287-293, 2006. NACHREINER, R.F.; REFSAL, K.R.; GRAHAM, P.A.; BOWMAN, M.M. Prevalence of serum thyroid hormone autoantibodies in dogs with clinical signs of hypothyroidism. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v.220, p.466-471, 2002. NACHREINER, R.F.; REFSAL, K.R.; GRAHAM, P.A.; HAUPTMAN, J.; WATSON, G.L. Prevalende of serum thyroid hormone autoantibodies in dogs with clinical signs of hypothyroidism. Jounal of the American Vetrinary Medical Research, v.59, p.951-955, 1998. NAMBA, H.; YAMASHITA, S.; KIMURA, H.; YOKOYAMA, N.; USA, T.; OTSURU, A.Evidence of thyroid volume increase in normal subjects receiving excess iodine. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, v.76, p.605-8, 1993. National Research Council (NRC). Nutrient requirements of laboratory animals. Washington: National Academy of Sciences, 2006. NELSON, R.W. In: Medicina interna de pequenos animais. Distúrbios da glândula tireóide. NELSON R.W, COUTOC.G .2ed, 2001, p.570-580. NELSON, R.W.; COUTO, C.G. Distúrbios da glândula Tireóide. In: NELSON, R.W.; COUTO, C.G. Fundamentos de Medicina Interna de Pequenos Animais. Guanabara Koogan S.A. 1994. p.406-411. NELSON, R.W.; TURNWALD, G.H.; WILLARD, M.D. Endocrine, metabolic, and lipid disorders. In: WILLARD, M.D.; TVEDTEN, H. (ed). Small Animal clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods. 4 ed., 2004, p.165-207. NICCOLI-SIRE,P.; FAYADAT, L.; SIFFROI-FERNADEZ, S.; MALTHIERRY, Y.; FRANC, J.L. Alternatively spliced form of human thyroperoxidase, TPOzanelli: activity, intracellular trafficking and role in hormonogenesis. Biochemistry, v.40, p.2572-9, 2001. NORDMEYER, J.P.; SHAFEH, T.A.; HECKMANN, C. Thyroid ultrasonography in autoimmune thyroiditis. A prospective study on 123 patients. Acta Endocrinology, v. 122, p.3915, 1990. 97 NORMAN, A.W.; LITWACK, G. Hormones. San Diego – CA - USA: Academic Press, p.558, 1997. NORSWORTHY, G.D. ; ADAMS, V.J.; MCELHANEY, M.R.; MILIOS, J.A. Palpable thyroid and parathyroid nodules in asymptomatic cats. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, v.4, n.3, p.145-151, 2002b. NORSWORTHY, G.D.; ADAMS, V.J.; MCELHANEY, M.R.; MILIOS, J.A. Relationship between semiquantitative thyroid palpation and total thyroxine concentration in cats with and without hyperthyroidism. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, v.4, n.3, p.139-143, 2002a. OENING, M.; FERGUNSON, D.C. Assessment of thyroid function reserve in the cat by the thyrotropin-stimulation test. American Journal of Veterinary Research, v.44, p.1229, 1983. OHAYON R.; BOEYNAEMS, J.M.; BRAEKMAN, J.C.; VAN DEN BERGEN, H.; GORIN, Y.; VIRION, A. A inhibition of thyroid NADPH- oxidase by 2- iodohexadecanal in a cell- free system. Molecular Cell Endocrinology, v.99, p.133, 1994. OLCZAK, J.; JONES, B.R.; PFEIFFER, D.U.; SQUIRES, R.A.; MORRIS, R.S.; MARKWELL, P.J. Multivariate analysis of risk factors for feline hyperthyroidism in New Zealand. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, v.53, n.1, p.53- 58, 2005. OLSON, J.K. Hyperthyroidism. In: LAPPIN, M.R. Feline internal medicine secrets. 2.ed. 2001, p.383-387. OOHASHI, E.; YAGI, K.; UZUKA, Y.; TANABE, S.; SARASHINA, T.; ISHIDA, T. Seasonal changes in serum total thyroxine, free thyroxine and canine thyroid-stimulating hormone in clinically healthy beagles in Hokkaido. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Science, v.63, n.11, p.1241-1243, 2001. PADGETT, S. Feline thyroid surgery. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, v.32, n.4, p.851-9, 2002. PAIRE, A.; BERNIER-VALENTIN, F.; SELMI-RUBY, S.; ROUSSET, B. Characterization of the rat thyroid iodide transporter using anti peptide antibodies. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, v.272, p.18245-18249, 1997. 98 PANCIERA, D.L. Canine Hypothiroidism. Part I. Clinical finding and control of thyroid hormone secretion and metabolism. Continuing Education Article - The Compendium Small Animal, v.12, n.5, 1990a, p. 689-701. PANCIERA, D.L. Canine Hypothiroidism. Part II: Thyroid function test and treatment Continuing Education Article- The Compendium Small Animal, v.12, n.6, 1990b, p.843-858. PANCIERA, D.L. Hipothyroidism in dogs: 66 cases (1987-1992). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v.204, p.761-767, 1994. PANNEELS, V.; VAN DEN BERGEN, H.; JACOBY, C.; BRAEKMAN, J.C.; VAN SANDE, J.; DUMONT, J.E. Inhibition of H2O2 production by iodoaldehydes in culture dos thyroid cells. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, v.102, p.167, 1994. PAUL, T.; MEYER, B.; WITORSCH, R.J.; PINO, S.; CHIPKIN, S.; INGBAR, S.H.; BRAVERMAN, L.E. Effects of small increase in dietary iodine on thyroid function in euthyroid subjects. Metabolism, v.37, p.121-124, 1988. PAUL, T.; MEYERS, B .; WITORSCH, R.J. The effect of small increases in dietary iodine on thyroid function in euthyroid subjects. Metabolism, v.37, p121, 1988. PEDERSEN, O.M.; AARDAL, N.P.; LARSSEN, T.B. The value of ultrasonography in predicting autoimmune thyroid disease. Thyroid, v.10, p.251–9, 2000. PEREIRA, A.; BRAEKMAN, J.C.; DUMONT, J.E.; BOEYNAEMS, J.N. Identification of a major iodolipid from the horse thyroid gland as 2- iodohexadecanal. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, v.265, p.17-18, 1990. PETERSON M.E. In: Tratado de medicina interna veterinaria. ETTINGER S.J., FELDMAN E. 4ed, v.2, 1997, p.2025-2053. PETERSON, M.E .; MELIAN, C.; NICHOLS, R. Measurement of serm total thyroxine, triiodothyronine, free thyroxine and thyrotropin concentration for diagnosis of hypothyroidismin dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v.211, p.1396-1402, 1997. 99 PETERSON, M.E .; MELIAN, C.; NICHOLS, R. Measurement of serum concentration of free thyroxine, total thyroxine, and total triiodothyronine in cats with hyperthyroidism and cats with nonthyroidal disease. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v.218, p.529-536, 2001. PETERSON, M.E. Diagnostic tests for hyperthyroidism in cats. Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice, v.21, n.1, p.2-9, 2006. PETERSON, M.E. Distúrbios endócrinos e metabólicos. In: BIRCHARD, S.J., SHERDING, R.G. Clínica de pequenos animais, 1998, p.247. PETERSON, M.E. Feline hypothyroidism. In KIRK R.W. Current Veterinary Therapy. Philadelphia WB Saudersp. 1989. p.1000. PETERSON, M.E.; GAMBLE, D.A. Effect of nonthyroidal iIlness on serum thyroxine concentrations in cats: 494 cases (1988). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v.197, n.9, p.1203-1208, 1990. PETERSON, M.E.; GRAVES, T.K.; CAVANAGH, I. Serum thyroid hormone concentrations fluctuate in cats with hyperthyroidism. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, v.1, n.3, p.142-146, 1987. PETERSON, M.E.; KINTZER, P.P.; CAVANAGH, P.G.; FOX, P.R.; FERGUSON, D.C.; JOHNSON, G.F.; BECKER, D.V. Feline hyperthyroidism: pretreatment clinical and laboratory evaluation of 131 cases. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v.183, n.1, p.103-110, 1983. PETERSON, M.E.; WARD, C.R. Etiopathologic findings of hyperthyroidism in cats. The Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice, v.37, n.4, p.633-645, 2007. PISAREV, M.A.; PISAREV, M.A.; CHAZENBALK, G.D.; VALSECCHI, R.M.; BURTON, G.; KRAWIEC, L.; MONTEAGUDO, E.; JUVENAL, G.J.; BOADO, R.J.; CHESTER, H.A.Thyroid autoregulation. Inhibition of goiter growth and of cyclic AMP formation in rat thyroid by iodinated derivatives of arachidonic acid. Journal Endocrinology Investigation, v.11, p.669, 1988. 100 Portaria do MS nº 520, de 06 de abril de 2005. Disponível em: http://189.28.128.100/nutricao/docs/iodo/portaria_iodo.pdf PRETEL, E. Boletim Carências Nutricionais. Distúrbios por deficiência de iodo. http://189.28.128.100/nutricao/docs/geral/boletim_carencias_nutricionais.pdf RAGO, T.; CHIOVATO, L.; GRASSO, L. Thyroid ultrasonography as a tool for detecting thyroid autoimmune diseases and predicting thyroid disfunction in apparently healthy subjects. Journal Endocrinology Investigation, v.24, p.763–9, 2001. RAND, J.S.; LEVINE, J.; BEST, S.J.; PARKER, W. Spontaneous adult- onset hypothyroidism in a cat. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, v.7, p.272, 1993. RANZ, D.; KRAFT, W.; RAMBECK, W.A. Influence of increasing nutritional iodine intake on thyroid hormones T3, FT3, T4, and FT4 in cats. Tierarzh Praxis KH, v.3,p.238–43, 2003. RANZ, D.; TETRICK, M.; OPITZ, B.; KIENZLE, E.; RAMBECK, W.A. Estimation of iodine status in cats. Journal Nutrition, v.132, s.2, p.1751S–1753S, 2002. RATCLIFFE, H.L. Adequate diets for captive wild animals and notes on tuberculin tests for apes and monkeys. Philadelphia: Bull Penrose Res Lab, 1956. REZENDE, J.M. História de uma controvérsia - Tireóide ou Tireóide? Arquivo Brasileiro de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, v.48, n.3, p.432-434, 2005. http://usuarios.cultura.com.br/jmrezende/tireóide2.html RIEDEL, C.; LEVY, O.; CARRASCO, N. Post- transcriptional regulation of the sodium/ iodide symporter by thyrotropin. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, v.276, p.21458-21463, 2003. RIGGS, D.S. Quantitative aspects of iodine metabolism in man. Pharmacological Reviews, p.4-284, 1952. RITCHIE, J.W.; SHI, Y.B.; HAYASHI, Y.; BAIRD, F.E.; MUCHEKEHU, R.W.; CHRISTIE, G.R. A role for thyroid hormone transporters in transcriptional regulation by thyroid hormone receptors. Molecular Endocrinology, v.17, p.653-61, 2003. 101 ROBERTS, A.H.; SCOTT, P.P. Nutrition of the cat 5 – The influence of calcium and iodine supplements to a meat diet on the retention of nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. British journal of nutrition, v.15, p.73–82. 1961. ROBINSON-RECHA, V.I.M.; CARPENTIER, A.S.; DUFFRAISSE, M.; LAUDET, V. How many nuclear hormone receptors are there in the human genome? Trends Genetics, v.17, p.54–56, 2001. ROSENTHAL, D. Os nódulo hiperfuncionantes da tireóide.Um estudo da cinética do iodo e Análise critica da autonomia funcional. Tese de doutorado. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica, 1975. ROTI, E.; BRAVERMAN, L.E. Iodine-induced thyroid disease. In: BRAVERMAN LE, ed. Diseases of the thyroid. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1997, p.369–83. SALISBURY, S.K. Hyperthyroidism in cats. The Compendium Collection, v.13, n.9, p.172-178, 1991. SCARLETT, J. M. Epidemiology of thyroid diseases of dogs and cats. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, v. 24, n. 3, p. 477-486, 1994 SCARLETT, J.M.; MOISE, J.N.; RAYL, J. Feline hyperthyroidism: a descriptive and case-control study. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, n.6, p.295-309, 1988. SCHALLER, O. Nomenclatura anatômica veterinária ilustrada. São Paulo. Manole. 1999, p. 614. SCOTT, D.W.; MILEER, W.H.; GRIFFIN, C.E.; Muller & kirk’s Small Animal Dermatology 6th ed. Philadelphia, WB Sauders Co, 2001, p.780. SCOTT, P.P. Nutritional requirements and deficiencies. In: Catcott EJ, ed. Feline medicine and surgery. Santa Barbara: American Veterinary Publications, 1964, p.60–70. SCOTT, P.P. Nutritional requirements and deficiencies. In: Catcott EJ, ed. Feline medicine and surgery. Santa Barbara: American Veterinary Publications, 1964, p.60–70. SCOTT, P.P.; GREAVES, J.P.; SCOTT, M.G. Nutrition of the cat: calcium and iodine deficiency on a meat diet. The British Journal of Nutrition, v.15, p.35–51, 1961. 102 http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN15_01%2FS0007114561000075a.pdf&code=1272cf38f4a7952b4786ecfec8f757c2 SCOTT-MONCRIEFF, J.C.; NELSON, R.W.; BRUNERJ, M.; WILLIAMS, D.A. Comparison of serum concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormones in healthy dogs, hipothyroid dogs, and euthyroid dogs with concurrent disease. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v.213, p.1435-1438, 1998. SHIELDS, R.G. Digestibility and metabolizable energy measurement in dogs and cats. In: Proceedings Petfood Forum’93. Procedings. Morris, M.T., III ed: Watt Publishing Co., p.21-35, 1993. SHIMADA, K.; MITAMURA, K.; HIGASHI, T.; Journal Chromatografy, v.935 p.141, 2001. SILVA, C.V.; BARROS, F.; SOUZA, C.F.V. Qualidade nutricional de rações secas para cães adultos comercializadas em Lajeado-RS. Revista Brasileira de Tecnologia Agroindustrial, v.04, n.02, p.153-160, 2010. http://www.pg.utfpr.edu.br/depog/periodicos/index.php/rbta/article/viewFile/588/583 SJOLLEMA, B.E.; DEN HARTOG, M.T.; DE VIJLDER, J.J.; VAN DIJK, J.E.; RIJNBERK, A. Congenital hypothyroidism in two cats due to defective organification: Data suggesting loosely anchored thyroperoxidase. Acta Endocrinology, v.125, p.435, 1991. SMITH, T.,: Establishment of the minimum iodine requirement in the adult cat. Thesis, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA. 1996. STABENFELDT, G.H. In: CUNNIGAN, J.G.. Tratado de fisiologia veterinária, 11 ed., 1992, p. 571 – 602. STANBURY, J.B.; ERMANS A.E.; BOURDOUX, P.; TODD, C.; OKEN, E.; TONGLET, R.; VIDOR, G.; BRAVERMAN, L.E.; MEDEIROS-NETO, G. Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism: occurrence and epidemiology. Thyroid, v.8, n.1, p.83-100, 1998. STANLEY, O.; HILLIDGE, C.J. Alopecia associated with hypothyroidism in a horse. Equine Veterinary. Journal. v.14,p.165-167, 1982. 103 STUDER, H.; GERBER, H. Toxic multinodular goiter. In: BRAVERMAN, L. E.; UTIGER, R. D.Werner and Ingbar's The Thyroid A Fundamental and Clinical Text. JB Lippincott Company, Philadelphia.6 ed. 1991, p. 692-697. TAEYMANS O, PEREMANS K, SAUNDERS JH Thyroid Imaging in the Dog: Current Status and Future Directions. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, v.21, p.673–684, 2007a. TAEYMANS, O.; DAMINET, S.; DUCHATEAU, L.; SAUNDERS, J. H . Pre And Post Treatment Ultrasonography in Hypothyroid Dogs. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, v.48, p.262-269. 2007b. TARANTI, L. Estudo retrospectivo do hipertireoidismo em gatos domésticos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de São Paulo (2002-2007). Dissertação de mestrado. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia – USP. 83p. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-12122008-114744/pt-br.php TARTTELIN, M.F.; FORD, H.C. Dietary iodine level and thyroid function in the cat. Journal of Nutrition, v.124, p.2577S–2578S, 1994. TARTTELIN, M.F.; JOHNSON, L.A.; COOKE, R.R.; FORD, H.C.; FEEK, C.M. Serum free thyroxine levels respond inversely to changes in levels of dietary iodine in the domestic cat. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, v.40, p.66–68, 1992. TAUROG, A. Thyroid hormone synthesis. In: BRAVERMAN L.E, UTIGER R.D, editors. The Thyroid: A fundamental and clinical text. 8th ed., 2000, p.85-91. TRALL, M.A. Hematologia e Bioquímica Veterinária. 1ª ed., São Paulo: Roca, p.135, 2007 TREPANIER, L.A. Medical management of hyperthyroidism. Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice v.21, n.1, p.22-28, 2006. TUCKOVA, M.; FIALKOVICOVÁ, M.; BARANOVÁ, E.; KÓZAK, M.; PÁLENIK, L. Seasonal effect on serum levels of thyroid hormones in German shepherds and dachshunds and their health status. Veterinary Medicine (Praha), v.40, n. 8, p.249-252, 1995. VAISMAN, M.; ROSENTHAL, D.; CARVALHO, D. Enzimas emvolvidas na organificação tireóideana do iodo. Arquivo Brasileiro Endocrinologia Metabolismo, v.48, n.1, 2004. 104 VENZKE, W.G. In: Sisson e Grossman. Anatomia dos animais domésticos. Endocrinologia de carnívoros. Guanabara Koogan. 5 ed. 1986, p.1494-1496. VITTI, P.; LAMPIS, M.; PIGA, M. Diagnostic usefulness of thyroid ultrasonography in atrophic thyroiditis. Journal of Clinical Ultrasound, v.22, p.375–9, 1994. VITTI, P.; RAGO, T.; MAZZEO, S. Thyroid blood flow evaluation by color-flow Doppler sonography distinguishes Graves' disease from Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Journal Endocrinology Investigation, v.18, p.857–62, 1995. VOUGHT, R.L.; LONDON, W.T. Estimation of iodine excretion in non hospitalized subjects. Journal Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism, v.25, p.1957-63, 1965. VOUGHT, R.L.; LONDON, W.T.; LUTWAK, L.; DUBLIN, T.D. Reability of estimates screen inorganic iodine and daily fecal and urinary iodine excretion from single casual specimens. Journal Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism, v.23, p.1218-28, 1963. WAKELING, J.; ELLIOTT, J.; PETRIE, A.; BRODBELT, D.; SYMEH, M. Urinary iodide concentration in hyperthyroid cats. American Journal of Veterinary Reserch; v.70, p.741–49, 2009. WARD, L.S.; MACIEL, R.M.B.Valor preditivo da dosagem das iodotironinas na avaliação prognóstica de doentes graves. Revista da Associação Brasileira de Medicina, v.43, n.2, p.114-118, 1997. WEBSTER, B.; CHESNEY, A.M. Endemic goitre in rabbits: effect of administration of iodine. Bulletin of Johns Hopkins Hospital, v.43, p.291–308, 1928. WEDEKIND, K.J.; BLUMER, M.E.; HUNTINGON, C.E.; SPATE, V.; MORRIS, J.S. The feline iodine requirement is lower than the 2006 NRC recommended allowance. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, v.94, p.527–539, 2010. Disponível em: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2009.00940.x/pdf. Acesso 05 de julho de 2011 WEETMAN, A.P. Autoimmune thyroid disease. Autoimmunity, v.4, n.37, p.337–340, 2004. 105 WHITE, S.D. A pele como sensor de distúrbios clínicos internos. In: ETTINGER, S.J., FELDMAN, E.C. Tratado de medicina interna veterinária. 4 ed. Manole, São Paulo, SP, 1997, p. 08. WISNER, E.R.; NYLAND, T.G. Ultrassonography of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice, v.28, n.4, p. 973-991, 1998. WISTER, E.R.; MATTOON, J.S.; NYLAND, T.G. Ultra-som diagnóstico em pequenos animais, 2005, p. 293-314. WOLFF, J.; CHAIKOFF, I.L. Plasma inorganic iodide as a homeostatic regulator of thyroid function. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, v.174, p.555-64, 1948. WOLFF, J.; CHAIKOFF, I.L.; GOLDBERG, R.C.; MEIER, J.R. The temporary nature of the innibitory action of excess iodide on organic iodine synthesis in the normal thyroid. Endocrinology, v.45, p.504-513, 1949. WOLFSHEIMER, K.J. Moléstias da tireóide. In: BOJHAB, M.J. Mecanismos na moléstia na cirurgia de pequenos animais. 2 ed. Manole, São Paulo, SP, 1996, p.675. YEN, P.M. Physiological and molecular basis of thyroid hormone action. Physiological Reviews, v.81, p.1097-142, 2001. YOSHIDA, A.; ADACHI, T.; NOGUCHI, T. Echographic findings and histological feature of the thyroid: a reverse relationship between the level of echo-amplitude and lymphocytic infiltration. Endocrinology Japan, v.32, p.681–690, 1985. ZANELLI, E.; HENRY, M.; CHARVET, B.; MALTHIERY, Y. Evidence for an alternate splicing in the thyroéroxidase messenger from patients with Graves’ disease. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, v.170, p.735-41, 1990.https://tede.ufrrj.br/retrieve/61662/2011%20-%20Priscila%20Cardim%20de%20Oliveira.pdf.jpghttps://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/3827Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2020-08-17T15:28:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Priscila Cardim de Oliveira.pdf: 994635 bytes, checksum: d7058756a43ce645d7793819de57658f (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2020-08-17T15:28:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Priscila Cardim de Oliveira.pdf: 994635 bytes, checksum: d7058756a43ce645d7793819de57658f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-31info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJinstname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ)instacron:UFRRJTHUMBNAIL2011 - Priscila Cardim de Oliveira.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg1943https://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/bitstream/20.500.14407/14251/1/2011%20-%20Priscila%20Cardim%20de%20Oliveira.pdf.jpgcc73c4c239a4c332d642ba1e7c7a9fb2MD51TEXT2011 - Priscila Cardim de Oliveira.pdf.txtExtracted Texttext/plain246568https://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/bitstream/20.500.14407/14251/2/2011%20-%20Priscila%20Cardim%20de%20Oliveira.pdf.txta973c6580378cb227be319a8f5344484MD52ORIGINAL2011 - Priscila Cardim de Oliveira.pdf2011 - Priscila Cardim de Oliveiraapplication/pdf994635https://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/bitstream/20.500.14407/14251/3/2011%20-%20Priscila%20Cardim%20de%20Oliveira.pdfd7058756a43ce645d7793819de57658fMD53LICENSElicense.txttext/plain2089https://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/bitstream/20.500.14407/14251/4/license.txt7b5ba3d2445355f386edab96125d42b7MD5420.500.14407/142512023-12-21 23:58:18.135oai:rima.ufrrj.br:20.500.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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://tede.ufrrj.br/PUBhttps://tede.ufrrj.br/oai/requestbibliot@ufrrj.br||bibliot@ufrrj.bropendoar:2023-12-22T02:58:18Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ - Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ)false
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv Teores de iodo na dieta e função da tireóide em gatos
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv Availability of iodine in the diet for cats and funcion of thyroid feeding in cats
title Teores de iodo na dieta e função da tireóide em gatos
spellingShingle Teores de iodo na dieta e função da tireóide em gatos
Oliveira, Priscila Cardim de
tireóide
doença metabólica
iodo
dieta
thyroid disease
metabolic disease
iodine diet
Medicina Veterinária
title_short Teores de iodo na dieta e função da tireóide em gatos
title_full Teores de iodo na dieta e função da tireóide em gatos
title_fullStr Teores de iodo na dieta e função da tireóide em gatos
title_full_unstemmed Teores de iodo na dieta e função da tireóide em gatos
title_sort Teores de iodo na dieta e função da tireóide em gatos
author Oliveira, Priscila Cardim de
author_facet Oliveira, Priscila Cardim de
author_role author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Oliveira, Priscila Cardim de
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv Botteon, Rita de Cássia Campbell Machado
dc.contributor.advisor1ID.fl_str_mv 826.217.807-68
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/3657345421935320
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv Carciofi, Aulus Cavalieri
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv Souza, Heloisa Justem Moreira de
dc.contributor.authorID.fl_str_mv 721.473.507-53
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/6069474085821136
contributor_str_mv Botteon, Rita de Cássia Campbell Machado
Carciofi, Aulus Cavalieri
Souza, Heloisa Justem Moreira de
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv tireóide
doença metabólica
iodo
dieta
topic tireóide
doença metabólica
iodo
dieta
thyroid disease
metabolic disease
iodine diet
Medicina Veterinária
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv thyroid disease
metabolic disease
iodine diet
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv Medicina Veterinária
description O excesso de iodo, bem como sua deficiência, pode provocar disfunção da tireóide na dependência da dose de iodo e das condições prévias da glândula. Considerando o pressuposto de que as dietas comerciais para gatos contêm quantidades de iodo além das necessidades da espécie, foi proposta desse estudo avaliar os teores de iodo em dietas comerciais secas e úmidas para gatos adultos em relação as exigências da espécie e os aspectos morfométricos e funcionais da glândula tireóide de 20 gatos adultos alimentados com ração contendo 2,8 mg/I/kg/MS. Em 29 amostras de ração para gatos adultos, comercializadas no Rio de Janeiro os teores de iodo variaram entre 2,7 e 3,4 mg/kg/MS nas rações secas e de 2,9 a 4,0 mg/kg/MS nas rações úmidas. As médias entre rações secas e úmidas foram superiores e o consumo diário estimado ficou acima das estimativas recentes para gatos adultos (NRC, 2006). No exame ultrassonográfico o volume glandular total médio da tireoide foi igual a 0,143 cm3 sendo maior na tireóide esquerda (0,075 cm3), comparativamente à direita (0,068 cm3). As concentrações de tiroxina total (T4) e triiodotironina total (T3) nos 20 gatos estudados que variaram entre 0,62 e 1,51 μg/dl, com média de 1,056 ± 1,77 μg/dl para o T4 e de 0,10 a 0,45 ng/ml para T3 foram baixas em relação aos valores de referência. As alterações no hemograma e bioquímica sérica não foram significativas para descrever as alterações tireóideas, bem como não foram consistentes para diferenciar da condição de eutireóideo doente. A hipótese de que ingestão excessiva diária de iodo pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de hipertireoidismo não foi corroborada pelos valores de T4 e T3 total e achados ultrassonográficos, visto que no hipertireoidismo as glândulas tireóides estariam hipertróficas e os valores de T4 e T3 elevados.
publishDate 2011
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv 2011-08-31
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv 2023-12-22T02:58:18Z
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv 2023-12-22T02:58:18Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
format masterThesis
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv OLIVEIRA, Priscila Cardim de. Teores de iodo na dieta e função da tireóide em gatos. 2011. 109 f. Dissertação (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Patologia e Ciências Clínicas) - Instituo de Veterinária Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, 2011.
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/14251
identifier_str_mv OLIVEIRA, Priscila Cardim de. Teores de iodo na dieta e função da tireóide em gatos. 2011. 109 f. Dissertação (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Patologia e Ciências Clínicas) - Instituo de Veterinária Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, 2011.
url https://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/14251
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv por
language por
dc.relation.references.por.fl_str_mv AAFCO. Association of American Feed Control Officials. Official publication, 135, 143,1999. ABOZENAH, H.A.; SHOEB, S.A.; SABRY, A.A.; ISMAIL, H.A. Relating circulating thyroid hormone concentrations to serum interleukins-6 and -10 in association with non-thyroidal illnesses including chronic renal insufficiency. Endocrine Disorders., v.8, n.1., p. 19-23, 2008. http://www.sid.ir/en/VEWSSID/J_pdf/116620080103.pdf ALVARADO, C.A.; HODGKINSON, S.M.; ALOMAR, D.; BOROSCHEK, D. Evaluation of the chemical composition of dry dogfoods commercialized in Chile used for growing dogs. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, v.60, n.1, p.218-226, 2008. http://www.scielo.br/pdf/abmvz/v60n1/a30v60n1.pdf ANSÓTEGUI, J.A.; SEGURA, S.A. Iodine deficiency in Spain: A circumstantially significant ingestion but with no clear public health strategy that ensures sustainability. Anales de Pediatria (Barcelona), v.72, n.5, p.297-301, 2010. http://www.elsevier.es/en/revistas/anales-pediatria-37/iodine-deficiency-in-spain-a-circumstantially-significant-13150509-editorial-2010 ANVISA, 2009. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, Programa Nacional para Prevenção e Controle dos Distúrbios por Deficiência de Iodo. Disponível em: http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/wps/wcm/connect/d3a3ed0046ea52e3afc4efcf6dd262ad/Relatorio_pro_Iodo_2010.pdf?MOD=AJPERES BAZOLLI, R.S.; CARCIOFI, A.C.; VASCONCELOS, R.S. Determinação da energia metabolizável de alimentos premium e super premium - resultados preliminares. ZOOTEC, 2004. Disponível em : http://www.abz.org.br/publicacoes-tecnicas/anais-zootec/artigos-cientificos/pequenos-animais-domesticos-silvestres/23044-Determinao-energia-metabolizvel-alimentos-premium-super-premium---resultados-preliminares.html. BERSON, S.A. Pathways of iodine metabolism. American Journal of Medicine, v.20, p.653, 1956. BIRCHARD, S.J. Thyroidectomy in the cat. Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice, v. 21, n.1, 2006, p. 29-33. 83 BOELEN, A., KWAKKEL, J., PLATVOET-TER SCHIPHORST, M., BAUR, A., KÖHRLE, J., WIERSINGA, W.M. Contribution of interleukin-12 to the pathogenesis of non-thyroidal illness. Hormonal. Metabolic. Research. v.36, p.101–106, 2004. BOYD, R.J. Feline hyperthyroidism, in proceeding of the 29th World Congress of the WSAVA,6-9 October 2004, Rhodes, Greece, 2004. BOYER, C.I.J.R.; ANDREWS, E. J.; DELAHUNTA, A.; BACHE, C.A.; GUTENMAN, W. H.; LISK, D. J. Accumulation of mercury and selenium in tissues of kittens fed commercial cat food. The Cornell Veterinarian, v. 68, n. 3, p. 365-374, 1978. BRASIL. Ministério da Agricultura. Instrução Normativa Nº 9, de 10 de abril de 2008. Diário Oficial da União de 17/04/2008 , Seção 1 , Página 28.BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde. Agência de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Resolução – RDC n° 130 de 26 de Maio de 2003. Disponível em: http://189.28.128.100/nutricao/docs/iodo/resolucao_diario_oficial_n_272.pdf BRASIL. MINISTRO DE ESTADO DA SAÚDE. PORTARIA Nº 520/GM DE 6 DE ABRIL DE 2005. Institui Comissão Interinstitucional para a Prevenção e o Controle dos Distúrbios por Deficiência de Iodo e dá outras providências. http://189.28.128.100/nutricao/docs/iodo/portaria_iodo.pdf BRAVERMAN, L.; INGBAR, S.H. Changes in thyroidal function during adaptation to large doses of iodide. Journal Clinical Investigation, v.42, p. 1216-1231, 1963. BRAVERMAN, L.E .; UTIGER, R.D. Introduction to thyrotoxicosis. In: Braverman LE, Utiger RD, eds. Werner and Ingbar’s the thyroid: a fundamental and clinical text. Philadelphia: Lippincott- Raven, 1996, p.522–24. BRENT, G.A., HERSHMAN, J.M. Thyroxin therapy in patients with severe nonthyroidal illnesses and lower serum thyroxin concentration. Journal Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism v.63, p.1-8,1986. BROOME, M.R.; FELDMAN E.C.; TURREL, J.M. Serial determination of thyroxine concentrations in hyperthyroid cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v.192, n.1, p. 49-51, 1988. 84 BROWN, M.C.; SPENCER, R. Thyroid gland volume estimated by use of ultrasound in addition to scintigraphy. Acta Radiology Oncology, v. 17, n. 4, p. 337-341, 1978. CARCIOFI, A.C.; VASCONCELLOS, R.S.; BORGES, N.C.; MORO, J.V.; PRADA, F.; FRAGA, V.O. Composição nutricional e avaliação de rótulo de rações secas para cães comercializadas em Jaboticabal-SP. Arquivo Brasileiro Medicina Veterinária Zootecnia, v.58, n.3, p.421-426, 2006. CARDOSO, L.C; MARTINS, D.C.; CAMPOS, D.V; SANTOS, L.M.; CORREA DA COSTA, V.M.; ROSENTHAL, D. Effects of iodine or iopanoic acido n thyroid Ca 2+/ NADPH- dependent H2O2- generating activity and thyroperoxidase in toxic diffuse goiters. European Journal Endocrinology, v.147, p.293-8, 2002. CARDOSO, L.C.; MARTINS, D.C.; FIGUEIREDO, M.D. ; ROSENTHAL, D.; VAISMAN, M.; VIOLANTE, A.H. Ca 2+/ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dependet H2 O2 generation is inhibited by iodine in human thyroid. Journal Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism, v.86, p.4339-43, 2001. CARDOSO, M.J.L.; COSTA, F.S.; MUNIZ, L.M.R.; ZALITH, A.C.A.; PADOVANI, C.R.; ARAGON, F.F. Manifestações clínicas em gatos com hipertireoidismo experimental. Archives of Veterinary Science, v.10, n.2, p.135-144, 2005. CARDOSO, M.J.L.; COSTA, F.S.; MUNIZ, L.M.R.; VALÉRIO, M.A.; MELUSSI, M. Hiperparatireoidismo em gatos com hipertireoidismo experimental. Arquivo Brasileiro Medicina Veterinária Zootecnia, v.60, n.3, p.620-625, 2008. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/abmvz/v60n3/15.pdf. CARLOS, R.S.A.; ALBUQUERQUE, G.R. Hipertireoidismo felino: relato de caso. Revista Clínica Veterinária, n.57, p.56-61, 2005. CARPIM, W.G.; OLIVEIRA, M.C. Qualidade nutricional de rações secas para cães adultos comercializadas em Rio Verde – GO. Biotemas, v.22, n.02, p.181-186, 2009. http://www.biotemas.ufsc.br/volumes/pdf/volume222/181a186.pdf CARVALHO, C.F. Ultra-sonografia em pequenos animais. São Paulo: Roca, 2004, p.236-238. 85 CASTILLO, V. A.; PISAREV, M. A.; LALIA, J. C., RODRIGUÉZ, M. S.; CABRINI, H. L.; MÁRQUEZ, A. G. Commercial diet induce hypothyroidism due to high iodine. Histopathological and radiological analysis. Veterinary Quartely, v.23, 2001. CASTILLO, V.A.; RODRIGUEZ, M.S.; LALIA, J.C. Morphologic changes in the thyroid glands of puppies fed a high-iodine commercial diet. Apopka: International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine, v.1, n.1, 2003. CASTILLO, V.A.; ZEO, G.; CASAS, G.; LALIA, J.; PISAREV,M.. Estudio Ecografico y Morfologico de la Tireóides Canina Sometida a Exceso de Yodo Dietario Durante el Crecimiento. Proceedings of the VII Latinamerican Thyroid Congress, Vina del Mar, Chile, abstract, p. 21. 1997. CASTRILLO, C.; HERVERA, M.; BAUCELLS, M.D. Methods for predicting the energy value of pet foods. Revista. Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.38, p.1-14, 2009. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S1516-35982009001300001&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en CHASTAIN, C. B. In: HOSKINS, J.D. Pediatria Veterinária. Cães e gatos de 0 até 6 mese de idade. 10ed, 1993, p. 271-294. CHASTAIN, C.B. Canine hypothyroidism. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. v,181, p.349-353, 1982. CHASTAIN, C.B. O sistema endócrino e metabólico. In: GOLDSTON, R.T., HOSKINS, J.D. Geriatria e gerontologia cão e gato. 1999, p. 335. CHASTAIN, C.B. Os sistemas endócrino e metabólico. In: HOSKINS, J.D. Pediatria Veterinária. 2 ed.,1997, p. 339. CHASTAIN, C.B.; GANJAM, V.K. Clinical Endocrinology of Companion Animals. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company 2a. ed., 1986, p.548-564. CHASTAIN, C.B.; PANCIERA D.L. In : Tratado de medicina interna veterinária. Afecções hipotireóideas. 4ed, v. 2, cap. 115, 1997, p. 2054-2072. 86 CHOPRA, I.J.; SOLOMON, D.H.; CHUA TECO, G.N.; EISENBERG, J.B. An inhibitor of the binding of thyroid hormones to serum proteins is present in extrathyroidal tissues. Science, v.215,p. 407-9,1982. CHOPRA, I.J., HERSHMAN, J.M., PARDRIDGE, W.M., NICOLOFF, J.T., Thyroid function in nonthyroidal illnesses. Animal Internal Medicine, 98 June v.6, p.946–957, 1983. COFFMAN, H.D. The cat food reference. Nashua: PigDog Press, 1997. COLES, E.H. Patologia clínica veterinária.3.ed., 1984, p.566. CRYSTAL, M. A.; NORSWORTHY, G. D. Hyperthyroidism. In: NORSWORTHY, G.D.;CRYSTAL, M.A.; GRACE, S.F.; TILLEY, L.P. (ed). The Feline Patient. 3. ed. Iowa: Blackwell Publishing, 2006, p. 146-150. CUNHA, M.G.M.C.M. Tireóidectomia extracapsular associada ao Transplante da glândula paratireóide em um felino. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, v.35, s.2, p.468-469, 2007. Trabalho apresentado no Congresso Brasileiro da ANCLIVEPA, 28., Florianópolis, 2007. CUNNINGHAM, J.G. Tratado de Fisiologia. 2ª edição. 1999, p. 230-245. DAMIANI, D.; DAMIANI, D. Síndrome do doente eutireoidiano. Revista Brasileira de Medicina, 2011. Disponível em: http://www.moreirajr.com.br/revistas.asp?fase=r003&id_materia=2883 DAYAN, C.M.; DANIELS, G.H. Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. The New England Journal of Medicine , v.335, p.99–107, 1996. DE MARCO, V. et al. Hipotireoidismo na espécie canina: avaliação da ultrasonografia cervical como metodologia diagnóstico. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, v. 43, n.6, p. 753, 2006. DE WET, C.S., MOONEY, C.T., THOMPSON, P.N., SCHOEMAN, J.P. Prevalence of and risk factors for feline hyperthyroidism in Hong Kong, Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, v.11,n. 4,p. 315-321. 2009. 87 DELANGE F.M.; ERMANS, A.M. Iodine deficiency. In: Braverman LE, Utiger RD, eds. Werner and Ingbar’s the thyroid: a fundamental and clinical text. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1996, p.296–316. DICKIE A. Imaging of the Neck. In: Mannion P et al. Diagnostic Ultrasound in Small Animal Practice. Cambrigde: Wiley Blackwell, 2006, p.251-277. DICKSON, W.M. Glândulas endócrinas. In: SWENSON, M.J.; REECE, W.O. (ed). Dukes Fisiologia dos Animais Domésticos. 11. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan,. 1996, .p. 571-602. DIXON R.M.; REID S.W.J.; MOONEY C.T. Epidemiological, clinical, haematological and biochemical characteristics of canine hypothyroidism. The Veterinary Record v.145, p.481-487, 1999. DIXON R.M. In: Manual de endocrinologia canina e felina. MOONEY C.T.; PETERSON M.E. Hipotireodismo Canino. British Small Animal Veterinary Association, 2009, p.91-113, Editora Roca. DIXON, R.M.; MONKEY, C.T. Evaluation of serum free thyroxine and thyrotropin concentrations in the diagnosis of canine hypohyroidism. Journal Small Animal Practic, n. 40, v. 2, p. 72 – 78, 1999. DIXON, R.M.; MONKEY, C.T. Canine serum thyroglobulin autoantibodiesin health, hypothyroidism and non-thyroidal illness. Research in Veterinary Science v.66, p.243-246, 1999a. DOHÁN, O.; VIEJA, A.D.L.; PARODER, V.; RIEDEL, C.; ARTANI,; REED, M; GINTER, C.; CARRASCO, N. The sodion/iodide symporter (NIS): Characterization, Regulation, and Medical Significance. Endocrinology Review, v.24, p.48-77, 2003. DONATTI, F.C. Teor de iodo em rações e sua relação com hipotireoidismo em cães no Brasil. Tese de doutorado Universidade Federal Rurla do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. DROST, W.T.; MATTOON, J.S.; WEISBRODE, S.E. Use of helical computed tomography for measurement of thyroid glands in clinically normal cats. American Journal of 88 Veterinary Research, v. 67, n.3, p.467-471, 2006. (Abstract). Disponível em: http://avmajournals.avma.org/doi/abs/10.2460/ajvr.67.3.467 DUCKETT, W.M. Tireóide. In: REED, S.M.; BAYLY, W.M. (Eds). Medicina interna eqüina. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 2000, p.784-792. DUKES, A.H.H. Fisiologia dos Animais Domésticos, 1999, p.581. DUNN JT, SEMIGRAM MJ, DELANGE F. The prevention and management of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism and its cardiac features. Thyroid, v.8, n.1, p.101-6,1998. EDINBORO, C.H.; SCOTT-MONCRIEFF, J.C.; GLICKMAN, L.T. Feline Hyperthyroidism: Potencial relationship with iodine supplement requirements of commercial cat food. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, v.12, p.672-679, 2010. EDINBORO, C.H.; SCOTT-MONCRIEFF, J.C.; JANOVITZ, E.; THACKER, H.L.; GLICKMAN,L.T. Epidemiologic study of relationships between consumption of commercial canned food and riskof hyperthyroidism in cats. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, v.224, n.6, p.879-886, 2004. ENG, P.H ; CARDONA, G.R ; FANG, S.L ; PREVITI, M. ; ALEX, S. ; CARRASCO, N. Escape from acute Wolff- Chaikoff effects is associated with a decrease in thyroid sodium/ iodide symporter Messenger ribonucleic acid and protein. Endocrinology, v.140, p.3404-3410, 1999. ENGELKING, L.R. Hipertireoidismo. Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabólica em Medicina Veterinária. 2 edição, 2010, p.102 e 103. EVVARD, J.M. Iodine deficiency symptoms and their significance in animal nutrition and pathology. Endocrinology, v.12, p.529, 1928. FARIA, V.P. Avaliação clínica, laboratorial e ecocardiográfica de gatos domésticos hipertireóideos no período entre 2007-2008. Tese de mestrado. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. FEDIAF. European pet food industry federation. Nutritional guidelines for complete and complementary pet food for cats and dogs. 2008, p.76. 89 FELDMAN, E.C.; NELSON, R.W. In: Endocrinology and Reproduction. 3 ed, p.152-249, 2004. FELDMAN, E.C.; NELSON, R.W. Canine and Feline Endocrinology and Reproduction, 1987, p.558-633. FERGUSON, D.C.; FREEDMAN, R. Goiter in apparently euthyroid cats. In: AUGUST, J.R. Consultations in Feline Internal Medicine. 5. ed., 2006, p.207-215. FERREIRA NETO, J.M.; VIANA, E.S.; MAGALHÃES, L.M. Patologia clínica veterinária, 1978, p.279. FIENNES, R.N.T.W.; GRAHAM-JONES, O. Studies of anutritional disease (osteodystrophia fibrosa) of young lions associated with changes in the skeleton and symptoms of muscular weakness. Proceeding of Zoological Society of London, v.133, p.573–92, 1960. FOSSUM, T.W. Cirurgia de Pequenos Animais, 2001, p.476-490. FOX, P.R.; BROUSSARD, J.D.; PETERSON, M.E. Hyperthiroidism and other high outputstates. In: FOX, P.R.; SISSON, D.; MOISE, N.S. Textbook of canine and feline cardiology- Principles and clinical practice. 2 ed., 1999, p.781-793. FURNÉE, C.A.; WEST, C.E; VAN DER HAAR, F.; HAUTVAST, J.G. Efficacy of oral iodised oil is associated with anthropometric status in severely iodine deficient schoolchildren in rural Malawi. Brazilian Journal Nutrition. v.84, p.345-52, 2000. GERARD, C.M.; LEFORD, A.; CHISTOPHE, D.; LIBERT, F.; VAN SANDE, J.; DUMONT, J.E. Control of thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin transcription by aAMP: evidence for distinct regulatory mechanism. Molecular Endocrinology, v.3, p.2110-8, 1989. GERBER, H; PETER, H.; FEGURSON, D.C; PETERSON, M.E. Etiopathology of feline toxic nodular goiter. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, v.24, n.3, p.541-565, 1994, GOMÉZ, N.V.; CASTILLO, V.A.; GISBERT, M.A.; PISANO, P.; MIRA, G.; FONTANALS, A.; BLATTER, M.F.C. Immune-endocrine interactions in treated and untreated cats naturally infected with FIV. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 2011. 90 GRAVES, T.K.; PETERSON, M.E.; BIRCHARD, S.J. Glândula tireóide. In: BIRCHARD, S.J.; SHERDING, R.G. Clínica de pequenos animais, 1998, p.247. GREAVES, J.P.; SCOTT, M.G.; SCOTT, P.P. Thyroid changesin cats on a high protein diet, raw heart. Journal of Physiology, v.148, p.73–74, 1959. GRECO, D.; STABENFELDT, G.H. Glândulas endócrinas e suas funções. In: CUNNINGHAM, J. Tratado de fisiologia veterinária. 2. ed., 1999, p.324-350. GROSS, J.; PITT-RIVERS, R. Physiological activity of 3:5:3'-L-triiodothyronine. The Lancet., v.22, p.593-4. 1952. GROSS, K.L; WEDEKIND, K.J.; COWELL, C.S. Nutrients. In: MS HAND, THATCHER, C.D.; REMILLARD, R.L.; ROUDEBUSH, P. Small animal clinical nutrition. 4th, v.33, 2000. GUNN-MOORE, D. Feline endocrinopathies. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, v.35, n.1, p.171-210, 2005. GUNN-MOORE, D. Feline endocrinopathies. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, v.35, n.1, p.171-210, 2005. GUPTA S. Study of activated T cells in man. II. Interleukin 2 receptor and transferrin receptor expression on T cells and production of interleukin 2 in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex. Clinical Immunology Immunopathology, v.38, p.93-100, 1986. GUTENMANN, W.H. Toxic and protective constituents in pet foods. American Journal of Veterinarian Research, v.47, p.1633–37, 1986 GUYTON, A.C.; HALL, J.E. Os Hormônios Metabólicos da Tireóide. In: Tratado de Fisiologia Médica. 9 ed., 1997, p.859-869. HAIPEK et al., Hipertireoidismo em felinos: 08 casos (1997- 2003). In: congresso brasileiro de clínicos veterináriosveterinários de pequenos animais, 25., 2004, Gramado. Revista da ANCLIVEPA Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Régis .Comunicação e Marketing. Suplem, p.51, 2004. 91 HAY, I.D; MORRIS, J.C. Toxic adenoma and toxic multinodular goiter. In: BRAVERMAN, L.E, UTIGER, R.D, eds. Werner and Ingbar’s the thyroid: a fundamental and clinical text. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1996, p.556–72. HAYASHI, N.; TAMAKI, N.; KONISHI, J. Sonography of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Journal of Clinical Ultrasound, v.14, p.123–6, 1986. HENNEMANN, G.; DOCTER, R.; FRIESEMA, E.C.; DE JONG, M.; KRENNING, E.P.; VISSER, T.J. Plasma membrane transport of thyroid hormones and its role in thyroid hormone metabolism and bioavailability. Endocrinology Review, v.22, p.451-76, 2001. HÖFLING, D.B.; CERRI, G.G.; JULIANO, A.G.; MARUI, S.; CHAMMAS, M.C. Importância da ecogenicidade da tireóide no diagnóstico da tireoidite crônica auto-imune. Radiologia Brasileira, v.41, n.6, p.409-417, 2008. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S010039842008000600012&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=pt IHLE, S.L. Deficiência de crescimento. In: ETTINGER, S.J., FELDMAN, E.C. Tratado de medicina interna veterinária. 4 ed. Manole, São Paulo, SP, 1997, p.47. INGBAR, S.H. The thyroid gland. In: WILSON J.D.; FOSTER, D.W. (eds): Textbook of endocrinology, 1985, p.682 – 815. INGENBLECK Y. Thyroid function in nonthyroidal illness.In De Visscher M (ed): The Thyroid, 1st ed., New York, Raven Press, 1980; p.499-527. JAIN,N.C. Comparative Hematology of Common Domestic Animals. In: JAIN, N.C. Essentials of Veterinary Hematology, 1993, p.19-53. JOHNSON, C.A. Reproductive manifestations of thyroid disease. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, v.24, n.3, p.509-514, 1994. JOHNSON,L.A ; FORD,H.C. ; TARTTELIN,M.F. ; FEEK,C.M. Iodine content of commercially-prepared cat foods. The New Zealand Veterinary Journal, v.40, p.18–20, 1992. 92 JONES, B.R. ; GRUFFYDD-JONES, T.J. ; SPARKES, A.H ; LUCKE, V.M. Preliminary studies on congenital hypothyroidism in a family of Abyssinian cats. Veterinary Record, v.131, p.145, 1992. JONES, T.C.; HUNT, R.D.; KING, N.W. Patologia Veterinária, 6 ed., Glândulas Endócrinas, 2000, p.1245-1280. JUNQUEIRA, L.C.; CARNEIRO, J. Histologia Básica, 9 ed., 1999, p.74-76. KANTROWITZ, L.B.; PETERSON, M.E; MELIAN, C. ;NICHOLS, R. Serum total thyroxine, total triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and thyrotropin concentration in dogs with nonthyroidal illness. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v.219, p.765, 2001. KAPTEIN EM, WEINER JM, ROBINSON WJ, WHEELER WS, NICOLOFF JT. Relationship of altered thyroid hormone indices to survival in nonthyroidal illness. Clinical Endocrinology, v.16, p.565-74,1982. KAPTEIN, E.M.Thyroid hormones metabolism in nonthyroidal illness. Proceed ACVIM, Washington DC, p.643, 1988. KASS, P.H.; PETERSON, M.E.; LEVY,J.; JAMES, K.; BECKER, D.V.; COWGILL, L. D. Evaluation of environmental, nutritional, and host factors in cats with hyperthyroidism. Journal Veterinary Internal Medicine, v.13, n.4, p.323-329, 1999. KEALY, J.K, MCALLISTER, H. Radiologia e Ultrassonografia do Cão e do Gato. 2005, p.36. KEALY, J.K; MCALLISTER, H.; GRAHAM, J.P. Diagnostic Radiology and Ultrasonography of the dog and cat. 5ed, cap. 6, 2011, p.543-562. KIENZLE, E . Futher developments in the precticion of metabolizable energy in pet food. Pet Food Journal. Nutrition, v.132, p.1796S-1789S, 2002. KIMURA, E.T. In: Fisiologia. Glândula Tireóide. Margarida de Melo Aires. Editora Guanabara Koogan, 2008, p.991-1014. 93 KIMURA, H., TZOU, S.C., ROCCHI, R., KIMURA, M., SUZUKI, K., PARLOW, A.F., ROSE, N.R., CATUREGLI, P. Interleukin (IL)-12-driven primary hypothyroidism: the contrasting roles of two Th1 cytokines (IL-12 and interferon-gamma). Endocrinology, v.146, p.3642–3651, 2005. KNOBEL, M.; MEDEIROS NETO, G. Moléstias Associadas à Carência. Arquivo Brasileiro Endocrinologia Metabolismo, v.48, n.1, 2004. KOGAI, T.; ENDO, T.; SAITO, T.; MIYAZAKI, A.; KAWAGUCHI, A.; ONAYA, T. Regulation by thyroid- stimulating hormone of sodium/iodide symporter gene expression and protein levels in FRTL-5 cells. Endocrinology, v.138, p.2227-2232, 1997. KYLE, A. H.; TARTTELIN, M. F.; COOKE, R. R.; FORD, H. C. Serum free thyroxine levels in cats maintained on diets relatively high or low in iodine. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, v.42, n.3, p.101-103, 1994. LANGSTON, C.E.; REINE, N.J. Hyperthyroidism and the kidney Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice, v.21, n.1, p.17-21, 2006. LARSEN, P.R ; DAVIS, T.F ; SCHLUMBERGER, M.J ; HAY, I.D. Thyroid physiology and diagnostic evaluation of patients with thyroid disorders. In: LARSEN, P.R ; KRONENBERG, H.M ; MELMED, S.; POLONSKY, K.S. editors. Williams textbook of endocrinology, 10th ed., 2003, p.331-73. LEOUTSAKOS, V. A short history of the thyroid gland. Hormones, v.3, n.4, p. 268-271, 2004. http://hormones.gr/pdf/1116418205.pdf LEWIS, L.D. Obesity. In: LEWIS, L.D.; MORRIS, M.L.; HAND, M.S.: Small Animal Nutrition III. Mark Morris Associates, p.1-39, 1999. LINDSAY, R.S.; TOFT, A.D. Hypothyroidism. Lancet, v.349, p.413-417, 1997. LING, G.V.; LOWENSINE, L.J.; KANEKO, J.J. Serum thyroxin (T4) and triiodotironina (T3) uptake values in normal adult cats. American Journal of Veterinary Research, v.35, n.9, p.1247-1249, 1974. 94 LO PRESTI, J.; FRIED, J.C.; SPENCER, C.A.; NICOLOFF, J.T. Unique alterations of thyroid hormone indices in the acquired imunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Annals Internal Medicine, v.110, p.970-5, 1989. LURYE, J.C. Update on treatment of hyperthyroidism. In: AUGUST, J.R. Consultations in feline internal medicine. Missouri: Elsevier Saunders, c.22, 2006, p.199-205. MACIEL RMB, VIEIRA JGH, DIB SA, RUSSO EMK. Síndrome do T3 baixo com eutiroidismo em doença sistêmica severa. Revista da Associação Medicina Brasileira, v,29, p.63-6, 1983. Manual Merck, 2011. Disponível em www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jspcfile=htm/bc/ref_00.htm. MARTIN, K.M.; ROSSING, M. A.; RYLAND, L. M.; DIGIACOMO, R. F.; FREITAG, W. A. Evaluation of dietary and environmental risk factors for hyperthyroidism in cats. Journal American Veterinary Medicine Association, v. 217, n. 6, p. 853-856, 2000. MARTIN, K.M.; ROSSING, M.A.; RYLAND, L. M.; DIGIACOMO, R.F.; FREITA, G. W.A. Evaluation of dietary and environmental risk factors for hyperthyroidism in cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v.217, n.6, p.853-856, 2000. MAYER-ROENNE, B ; GOLDSTEIN, R.E.; ERB, H. N. Urinary tract infections in cats with hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, v.9, n.2, p.124-132, 2007. MCLACHLAN, S.M ; RAPOPRT, B. Autoimmune response to the thyroid in humans thyroid peroxidase – the common autoantigenic denominator. International Reviews of Immunology v.19, p.587-618, 2000. MEYER, D.J.; COLES, E.H.; RICH, L.J. Medicina de laboratório veterinário. Interpretação e diagnóstico. São Paulo: Roca, 1995, p.308. MOONEY C.T. ; PETERSON M.E. Hipotireodismo Canino. British Small Animal Veterinary Association, p.91-113, 2009. MOONEY, C. Decision making in the treatment for hyperthyroidism in cats. In Practice, v.18, n.4, 1996, p.150-156. 95 MOONEY, C.T. Feline hyperthyroidism: diagnostics and therapeutics. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, v.31, n.5, p.963-983, 2001. MOONEY, C.T. Pathogenesis of feline hyperthyroidism. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, n.4, p.167-169, 2002. MOONEY, C.T.; THODAY, K.L. ; DOXEY, D.L. Effects of illness not associated with the thyroid gland on serum total and free thyroxine concetration in cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v.208, p.2004, 1996. MORAND, S.; CHAARAOUI, M.; KANIEWSKI, J.; DEME, D.; OHAYON, R. ; NOEL-HUDSON, M.S. Effects of iodide on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity and Duox 2 protein expression in isolated porcine thyroids follicles. Endocrinology, v.144, p.1241-8, 2003. MORI DA CUNHA, M.G.M.C.; PIPPI, N.L.; GOMES, K.; BECKMANN, D.V. Hipertireoidismo felino – Revisão de literatura. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, v.38, n.5, p.1486-1494, 2008. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/cr/v38n5/a50v38n5.pdf MOURA, E.G ; ROSENTHAL, D. ; CARVALHO GUIMARAES, D.P. Thyroid peroxidase activity in humna nodular goiters. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, v.22, p.31,1989. MÜLLER, H.W.; SCHRÖDER, S.; SCHNEIDER, C.; SEIFERT, G. Sonographic tissue characterization in thyroid gland diagnosis. A correlation between sonography and histology. Journal of Molecular Medicine, v.63, n.15, p.703-710, 1985. Disponível em: http://www.springerlink.com/content/wg38775064650rp3/ MUMMA, R.O.; RASHID, K.A.; SHANE, B.S.; SCARLETT-KRANZ, J.M.; HOTCHKISS, J.H.; ECKERLIN, R.H.; MAYLIN, G.A.; LEE, C.Y.; RUTZKE, M.; GUTENMANN, W.H. Toxic and protective constituents in pet foods. American Journal of Veterinarian Research, v.47, p.1633–37, 1986. MUNDAY, H. S. Alimentando gatos para toda la vida. Waltham Focus, v.6, n.2, p 9-15, 1996. 96 NAAN, E.C.; KIRPENSTEIJN, J.; KOOISTRA, H.S.; Results of thyroidectomy in 101 cats with hyperthyroidism. Veterinary Surgery, v.35, n.3, p.287-293, 2006. NACHREINER, R.F.; REFSAL, K.R.; GRAHAM, P.A.; BOWMAN, M.M. Prevalence of serum thyroid hormone autoantibodies in dogs with clinical signs of hypothyroidism. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v.220, p.466-471, 2002. NACHREINER, R.F.; REFSAL, K.R.; GRAHAM, P.A.; HAUPTMAN, J.; WATSON, G.L. Prevalende of serum thyroid hormone autoantibodies in dogs with clinical signs of hypothyroidism. Jounal of the American Vetrinary Medical Research, v.59, p.951-955, 1998. NAMBA, H.; YAMASHITA, S.; KIMURA, H.; YOKOYAMA, N.; USA, T.; OTSURU, A.Evidence of thyroid volume increase in normal subjects receiving excess iodine. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, v.76, p.605-8, 1993. National Research Council (NRC). Nutrient requirements of laboratory animals. Washington: National Academy of Sciences, 2006. NELSON, R.W. In: Medicina interna de pequenos animais. Distúrbios da glândula tireóide. NELSON R.W, COUTOC.G .2ed, 2001, p.570-580. NELSON, R.W.; COUTO, C.G. Distúrbios da glândula Tireóide. In: NELSON, R.W.; COUTO, C.G. Fundamentos de Medicina Interna de Pequenos Animais. Guanabara Koogan S.A. 1994. p.406-411. NELSON, R.W.; TURNWALD, G.H.; WILLARD, M.D. Endocrine, metabolic, and lipid disorders. In: WILLARD, M.D.; TVEDTEN, H. (ed). Small Animal clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods. 4 ed., 2004, p.165-207. NICCOLI-SIRE,P.; FAYADAT, L.; SIFFROI-FERNADEZ, S.; MALTHIERRY, Y.; FRANC, J.L. Alternatively spliced form of human thyroperoxidase, TPOzanelli: activity, intracellular trafficking and role in hormonogenesis. Biochemistry, v.40, p.2572-9, 2001. NORDMEYER, J.P.; SHAFEH, T.A.; HECKMANN, C. Thyroid ultrasonography in autoimmune thyroiditis. A prospective study on 123 patients. Acta Endocrinology, v. 122, p.3915, 1990. 97 NORMAN, A.W.; LITWACK, G. Hormones. San Diego – CA - USA: Academic Press, p.558, 1997. NORSWORTHY, G.D. ; ADAMS, V.J.; MCELHANEY, M.R.; MILIOS, J.A. Palpable thyroid and parathyroid nodules in asymptomatic cats. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, v.4, n.3, p.145-151, 2002b. NORSWORTHY, G.D.; ADAMS, V.J.; MCELHANEY, M.R.; MILIOS, J.A. Relationship between semiquantitative thyroid palpation and total thyroxine concentration in cats with and without hyperthyroidism. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, v.4, n.3, p.139-143, 2002a. OENING, M.; FERGUNSON, D.C. Assessment of thyroid function reserve in the cat by the thyrotropin-stimulation test. American Journal of Veterinary Research, v.44, p.1229, 1983. OHAYON R.; BOEYNAEMS, J.M.; BRAEKMAN, J.C.; VAN DEN BERGEN, H.; GORIN, Y.; VIRION, A. A inhibition of thyroid NADPH- oxidase by 2- iodohexadecanal in a cell- free system. Molecular Cell Endocrinology, v.99, p.133, 1994. OLCZAK, J.; JONES, B.R.; PFEIFFER, D.U.; SQUIRES, R.A.; MORRIS, R.S.; MARKWELL, P.J. Multivariate analysis of risk factors for feline hyperthyroidism in New Zealand. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, v.53, n.1, p.53- 58, 2005. OLSON, J.K. Hyperthyroidism. In: LAPPIN, M.R. Feline internal medicine secrets. 2.ed. 2001, p.383-387. OOHASHI, E.; YAGI, K.; UZUKA, Y.; TANABE, S.; SARASHINA, T.; ISHIDA, T. Seasonal changes in serum total thyroxine, free thyroxine and canine thyroid-stimulating hormone in clinically healthy beagles in Hokkaido. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Science, v.63, n.11, p.1241-1243, 2001. PADGETT, S. Feline thyroid surgery. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, v.32, n.4, p.851-9, 2002. PAIRE, A.; BERNIER-VALENTIN, F.; SELMI-RUBY, S.; ROUSSET, B. Characterization of the rat thyroid iodide transporter using anti peptide antibodies. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, v.272, p.18245-18249, 1997. 98 PANCIERA, D.L. Canine Hypothiroidism. Part I. Clinical finding and control of thyroid hormone secretion and metabolism. Continuing Education Article - The Compendium Small Animal, v.12, n.5, 1990a, p. 689-701. PANCIERA, D.L. Canine Hypothiroidism. Part II: Thyroid function test and treatment Continuing Education Article- The Compendium Small Animal, v.12, n.6, 1990b, p.843-858. PANCIERA, D.L. Hipothyroidism in dogs: 66 cases (1987-1992). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v.204, p.761-767, 1994. PANNEELS, V.; VAN DEN BERGEN, H.; JACOBY, C.; BRAEKMAN, J.C.; VAN SANDE, J.; DUMONT, J.E. Inhibition of H2O2 production by iodoaldehydes in culture dos th
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro
dc.publisher.program.fl_str_mv Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária (Patologia e Ciências Clínicas)
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv UFRRJ
dc.publisher.country.fl_str_mv Brasil
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv Instituto de Veterinária
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ
instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ)
instacron:UFRRJ
instname_str Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ)
instacron_str UFRRJ
institution UFRRJ
reponame_str Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ
collection Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/bitstream/20.500.14407/14251/1/2011%20-%20Priscila%20Cardim%20de%20Oliveira.pdf.jpg
https://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/bitstream/20.500.14407/14251/2/2011%20-%20Priscila%20Cardim%20de%20Oliveira.pdf.txt
https://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/bitstream/20.500.14407/14251/3/2011%20-%20Priscila%20Cardim%20de%20Oliveira.pdf
https://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/bitstream/20.500.14407/14251/4/license.txt
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv cc73c4c239a4c332d642ba1e7c7a9fb2
a973c6580378cb227be319a8f5344484
d7058756a43ce645d7793819de57658f
7b5ba3d2445355f386edab96125d42b7
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ - Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv bibliot@ufrrj.br||bibliot@ufrrj.br
_version_ 1810108080837361664

Registros relacionados