Refúgios climáticos de mamíferos marinhos

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Almeida, Cecilia Silva da Rocha Pita de
Data de Publicação: 2018
Tipo de documento: Dissertação
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
Texto Completo: http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/10112
Resumo: Understanding how climate has shaped distribution of species over evolutionary time has been central to biogeographic studies. It is mean that climate change affects the survival of individuals, and therefore interferes in the structure of the community. We know that climate change varied considerably over time and space, and it is necessary to subjugate places so-called climatic refuges. These refuges, in turn, served as a shelter and protection of species by maintaining more stable conditions for their conservation and survival. In the marine environmental, one of the most strinking and no so far climatic changes was the last maximum glaciation (UMG, ~ 21,000-18,000 years), which had a lower sea level than at present. In this study, our objectives were: (i) to identify the marine climate refuges where there was co-occurrence of a high number of species in the three time periods (present: 0ka, 6 ka in middle Holocene and 21 ka in Pleistocene) in the marine environment; (ii) determine which ecological and historical factors characterize refuges. We obtained occurrence data for 110 species of marine mammals from the GBIF global repository and of specific articles to be constructed the species distribution models using the Maxent algorithm by program R 3.2.2. Four climatic variables were selected (annual mean sea surface salinity, annual mean sea surface temperature, annual range sea surface salinity and annual range sea surface temperature), which were obtained from the Model of Community Climate System, version 3 (CCSM3). The climatic refuges were determined as area that presented species richness above 90th percentile over the three time intervals. The location of these refuges was observed in temperate regions above latitudes 30˚, indicating that these areas presented conditions more suitable for most species. The ecological and historical factors that determined the refuges were tested with Mann-Whitney, using a significance of p <0.05. These refuges were related to ecological factors such as high productivity (p <0.001) and historical as high depth (p <0.001) and the presence of species with the highest mean evolutionary divergence time (p <0.001), meaning that the refuges harbored lineage of species older than non-refuge regions. Our results show a significant difference between the variables tested (p <0.05). Moreover, ecological and historical factors served as good predictors of species richness in the marine environment. It is noteworthy that this work is a pioneer in determining refuges for the marine environment and on a global scale, and should be more explored for other taxa. We suggest that the refuge identified here can be considered in the conservation policies of marine mammal species due to the ability of these areas to present suitability environmental conditions for species maintenance. In future studies, we suggest that MDE be used as a useful tool for choosing new potential areas for preservation considering that environmental changes are frequent.
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spelling Almeida, Cecilia Silva da Rocha Pita deMartinez, Pablo Ariel2018-12-13T14:48:28Z2018-12-13T14:48:28Z2018-02-23ALMEIDA, Cecilia Silva da Rocha Pita de. Refúgios climáticos de mamíferos marinhos. 2018. 84 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ecologia e Conservação) - Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 2018.http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/10112Understanding how climate has shaped distribution of species over evolutionary time has been central to biogeographic studies. It is mean that climate change affects the survival of individuals, and therefore interferes in the structure of the community. We know that climate change varied considerably over time and space, and it is necessary to subjugate places so-called climatic refuges. These refuges, in turn, served as a shelter and protection of species by maintaining more stable conditions for their conservation and survival. In the marine environmental, one of the most strinking and no so far climatic changes was the last maximum glaciation (UMG, ~ 21,000-18,000 years), which had a lower sea level than at present. In this study, our objectives were: (i) to identify the marine climate refuges where there was co-occurrence of a high number of species in the three time periods (present: 0ka, 6 ka in middle Holocene and 21 ka in Pleistocene) in the marine environment; (ii) determine which ecological and historical factors characterize refuges. We obtained occurrence data for 110 species of marine mammals from the GBIF global repository and of specific articles to be constructed the species distribution models using the Maxent algorithm by program R 3.2.2. Four climatic variables were selected (annual mean sea surface salinity, annual mean sea surface temperature, annual range sea surface salinity and annual range sea surface temperature), which were obtained from the Model of Community Climate System, version 3 (CCSM3). The climatic refuges were determined as area that presented species richness above 90th percentile over the three time intervals. The location of these refuges was observed in temperate regions above latitudes 30˚, indicating that these areas presented conditions more suitable for most species. The ecological and historical factors that determined the refuges were tested with Mann-Whitney, using a significance of p <0.05. These refuges were related to ecological factors such as high productivity (p <0.001) and historical as high depth (p <0.001) and the presence of species with the highest mean evolutionary divergence time (p <0.001), meaning that the refuges harbored lineage of species older than non-refuge regions. Our results show a significant difference between the variables tested (p <0.05). Moreover, ecological and historical factors served as good predictors of species richness in the marine environment. It is noteworthy that this work is a pioneer in determining refuges for the marine environment and on a global scale, and should be more explored for other taxa. We suggest that the refuge identified here can be considered in the conservation policies of marine mammal species due to the ability of these areas to present suitability environmental conditions for species maintenance. In future studies, we suggest that MDE be used as a useful tool for choosing new potential areas for preservation considering that environmental changes are frequent.Compreender como o clima têm moldado a distribuição das espécies ao longo do tempo evolutivo tem sido o ponto central dos estudos biogeográficos. Isso porque as alterações climáticas afetam a sobrevivência dos indivíduos e, consequentemente, interferem na estrutura da comunidade. Sabemos que as condições climáticas variaram ao longo do tempo e espaço, sendo necessário o surgimento de locais denominados de refúgios climáticos. Estes, por sua vez, serviram como abrigo e proteção das espécies por manter condições mais estáveis, permitindo a conservação e sobrevivência delas. No ambiente marinho, uma das mudanças climáticas mais marcante foi a última máxima glaciação (UMG, ~ 21.000-18.000 anos), o qual apresentou nível do mar mais baixo do que no presente. Assim, tivemos como objetivos: (i) identificar os refúgios climáticos marinhos onde existiu a coocorrência de um alto número de espécies em três períodos de tempo (presente: 0ka, Holoceno médio a 6 ka e Pleistoceno a 21 ka); (ii) determinar quais fatores ecológicos e históricos caracterizam os refúgios. Baixamos dados de ocorrência de 110 espécies de mamíferos marinhos do GBIF e de artigos específicos afim de ser feita a modeladem de distribuição das espécies (MDE) por meio do algoritmo Maxent através do programa R v.3.2.2. Foram selecionadas quatro variáveis climáticas (média anual de salinidade na superfície do mar, média anual de temperatura na superfície do mar, amplitude anual de salinidade na superfície do mar e amplitude anual de temperatura na superfície do mar) que foram obtidas a partir do Modelo de Sistema Climático Comunitário (CCSM3). Os refúgios climáticos foram determinados como áreas que apresentaram riqueza de espécies acima do 90° percentil ao longo dos três intervalos de tempo. A localização desses refúgios foi observadada em regiões temperadas acima das latitudes 30˚, indicando que essas áreas apresentaram condições mais adequadas para a maioria das espécies. Os fatores ecológicos e históricos que determinaram os refúgios foram testados com Mann-Whitney, utilizando uma significância de p<0,05. Os refúgios estiveram relacionados com os fatores: ecológico como alta produtividade (p<0,001), históricos como alta profundidade (p<0,001) e a presença de espécies com a maior média de tempo de divergência evolutiva (p<0,001), significando que os refúgios abrigaram linhagem de espécies mais antigas do que as regiões de não refúgio. Para todos os fatores testados, foi obtida diferença significativa (p<0,005). Além disso, os fatores, ecológico e históricos, serviram como bons preditores da riqueza de espécies no ambiente marinho. Vale destacar que esse trabalho é pioneiro em determinar refúgios para o ambiente marinho e em escala global, devendo ser mais explorado para outros táxons. Sugerimos que as áreas de refúgios identificadas aqui possam ser consideradas nas políticas de conservação das espécies de mamíferos marinhos pela capacidade que essas áreas têm de apresentar condições ambientais adequadas para manutenção das espécies. Em estudos futuros, sugerimos que sejam usados a MDE como ferramenta para a escolha de novas áreas potenciais para preservação considerando que as mudanças ambientais são frequentes.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESSão Cristóvão, SEporBiogeografiaPaleoclimatologiaCiclos glaciaisModelos paleoclimáticosPleistoceno tardioÚltima máxima glaciaçãoBiogeographyGlacial cyclesPaleoclimatic modelsLate pleistoceneLast glacial maximumCIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIARefúgios climáticos de mamíferos marinhosinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisPós-Graduação em Ecologia e ConservaçãoUniversidade Federal de Sergipereponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSinstname:Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS)instacron:UFSinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessTEXTCECILIA_SILVA_ROCHA_PITA_ALMEIDA.pdf.txtCECILIA_SILVA_ROCHA_PITA_ALMEIDA.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain156763https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/bitstream/riufs/10112/3/CECILIA_SILVA_ROCHA_PITA_ALMEIDA.pdf.txt56337a0d0b9498acf25db9d6307bdabaMD53THUMBNAILCECILIA_SILVA_ROCHA_PITA_ALMEIDA.pdf.jpgCECILIA_SILVA_ROCHA_PITA_ALMEIDA.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg1224https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/bitstream/riufs/10112/4/CECILIA_SILVA_ROCHA_PITA_ALMEIDA.pdf.jpg20324633ff7cc88adfff8c4a76646d8bMD54LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81475https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/bitstream/riufs/10112/1/license.txt098cbbf65c2c15e1fb2e49c5d306a44cMD51ORIGINALCECILIA_SILVA_ROCHA_PITA_ALMEIDA.pdfCECILIA_SILVA_ROCHA_PITA_ALMEIDA.pdfapplication/pdf1023647https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/bitstream/riufs/10112/2/CECILIA_SILVA_ROCHA_PITA_ALMEIDA.pdf44c20c8bf0e1632a314a8ec879fc5c68MD52riufs/101122018-12-13 11:48:29.139oai:ufs.br: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Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://ri.ufs.br/oai/requestrepositorio@academico.ufs.bropendoar:2018-12-13T14:48:29Repositório Institucional da UFS - Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS)false
dc.title.pt_BR.fl_str_mv Refúgios climáticos de mamíferos marinhos
title Refúgios climáticos de mamíferos marinhos
spellingShingle Refúgios climáticos de mamíferos marinhos
Almeida, Cecilia Silva da Rocha Pita de
Biogeografia
Paleoclimatologia
Ciclos glaciais
Modelos paleoclimáticos
Pleistoceno tardio
Última máxima glaciação
Biogeography
Glacial cycles
Paleoclimatic models
Late pleistocene
Last glacial maximum
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA
title_short Refúgios climáticos de mamíferos marinhos
title_full Refúgios climáticos de mamíferos marinhos
title_fullStr Refúgios climáticos de mamíferos marinhos
title_full_unstemmed Refúgios climáticos de mamíferos marinhos
title_sort Refúgios climáticos de mamíferos marinhos
author Almeida, Cecilia Silva da Rocha Pita de
author_facet Almeida, Cecilia Silva da Rocha Pita de
author_role author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Almeida, Cecilia Silva da Rocha Pita de
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv Martinez, Pablo Ariel
contributor_str_mv Martinez, Pablo Ariel
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Biogeografia
Paleoclimatologia
Ciclos glaciais
Modelos paleoclimáticos
Pleistoceno tardio
Última máxima glaciação
topic Biogeografia
Paleoclimatologia
Ciclos glaciais
Modelos paleoclimáticos
Pleistoceno tardio
Última máxima glaciação
Biogeography
Glacial cycles
Paleoclimatic models
Late pleistocene
Last glacial maximum
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Biogeography
Glacial cycles
Paleoclimatic models
Late pleistocene
Last glacial maximum
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA
description Understanding how climate has shaped distribution of species over evolutionary time has been central to biogeographic studies. It is mean that climate change affects the survival of individuals, and therefore interferes in the structure of the community. We know that climate change varied considerably over time and space, and it is necessary to subjugate places so-called climatic refuges. These refuges, in turn, served as a shelter and protection of species by maintaining more stable conditions for their conservation and survival. In the marine environmental, one of the most strinking and no so far climatic changes was the last maximum glaciation (UMG, ~ 21,000-18,000 years), which had a lower sea level than at present. In this study, our objectives were: (i) to identify the marine climate refuges where there was co-occurrence of a high number of species in the three time periods (present: 0ka, 6 ka in middle Holocene and 21 ka in Pleistocene) in the marine environment; (ii) determine which ecological and historical factors characterize refuges. We obtained occurrence data for 110 species of marine mammals from the GBIF global repository and of specific articles to be constructed the species distribution models using the Maxent algorithm by program R 3.2.2. Four climatic variables were selected (annual mean sea surface salinity, annual mean sea surface temperature, annual range sea surface salinity and annual range sea surface temperature), which were obtained from the Model of Community Climate System, version 3 (CCSM3). The climatic refuges were determined as area that presented species richness above 90th percentile over the three time intervals. The location of these refuges was observed in temperate regions above latitudes 30˚, indicating that these areas presented conditions more suitable for most species. The ecological and historical factors that determined the refuges were tested with Mann-Whitney, using a significance of p <0.05. These refuges were related to ecological factors such as high productivity (p <0.001) and historical as high depth (p <0.001) and the presence of species with the highest mean evolutionary divergence time (p <0.001), meaning that the refuges harbored lineage of species older than non-refuge regions. Our results show a significant difference between the variables tested (p <0.05). Moreover, ecological and historical factors served as good predictors of species richness in the marine environment. It is noteworthy that this work is a pioneer in determining refuges for the marine environment and on a global scale, and should be more explored for other taxa. We suggest that the refuge identified here can be considered in the conservation policies of marine mammal species due to the ability of these areas to present suitability environmental conditions for species maintenance. In future studies, we suggest that MDE be used as a useful tool for choosing new potential areas for preservation considering that environmental changes are frequent.
publishDate 2018
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv 2018-12-13T14:48:28Z
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv 2018-12-13T14:48:28Z
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv 2018-02-23
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dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv ALMEIDA, Cecilia Silva da Rocha Pita de. Refúgios climáticos de mamíferos marinhos. 2018. 84 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ecologia e Conservação) - Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 2018.
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/10112
identifier_str_mv ALMEIDA, Cecilia Silva da Rocha Pita de. Refúgios climáticos de mamíferos marinhos. 2018. 84 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ecologia e Conservação) - Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 2018.
url http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/10112
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