Dosimetria de pacientes adultos e pediátricos empregando método de Monte Carlo em PET/CT

• Autor(a) principal: Belinato, Walmir
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5243
• topic: Física; Radiação; Dosimetria; Método de Monte Carlo; Tomografia computadorizada; Tomografia por emissão de pósitrons; PET/CT; CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::FISICA

The positron emission tomography (PET), associated with computed tomography (CT) is a diagnostic technique from nuclear medicine called PET/CT. It is possible to estimate conversion coefficient for absorbed doses in PET/CT by means of computational simulations by Monte Carlo method. The main purpose of this work was, using the MCNPX code, to study the absorbed doses in internal organs of patients due PET/CT exams. For this, anthropomorphic computational phantoms with more realistic representation of adult and pediatric patients and their internal structures were employed. These phantoms were incorporated in scenarios of radiation of two PET/CT equipment, a Discovery VCT (GE) and Biograph (Siemens). Six different types of positron-emitting radionuclides are simulated. Variations in morphology due to the gravitational effect were also considered for the adult phantoms. The second objective was to construct a physical phantom for the validation of dosimetric irradiation scenarios using optically stimulated luminescence technique. The collimation and filtration models of beams were experimentally determined, and later implemented in MCNPX code. Using the computed tomography dose index (CTDI) quantities the irradiation scenarios have been validated for the CT. The estimated effective doses in the adult anthropomorphic computational phantoms due to CT are responsible for 9.0% and 20.2% considering GE and Siemens PET/CT equipments, respectively. For the 18F-FDG, specifically, these dose coefficients for absorbed doses showed an increase of 30% compared to values from ICRP 106. In children, the effective dose due to CT increased by 23.6% when compared to the results of the literature. Considering the same 18F-FDG, the results showed variations of 0.1%, 8.2% and 5.2% for 1 year, 5 and 10 years, respectively, compared to the values in ICRP 106. For children it necessary a special attention to the parameters protocol in PET/CT scans to ensure minimum effective doses to each age. The physical phantom proved be effective to validation of computational scenarios, despite limitations in regard to absorbed doses determination in the source region but also in the amount of available sources (only one).