Dinâmica geomorfológica das ilhas do Massangano e Rodeadouro no alto submédio São Francisco

• Autor(a) principal: Lyra, Luiz Henrique de Barros
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5473
• topic: Geografia física; Geomorfologia; Geocronologia; Paisagens; Ilha do Massangano (Petrolina/PE); Ilha do Rodeadouro (Petrolina/PE); Petrolina (PE); Abordagem sistêmica; Dinâmica geomorfológica; Paisagem; Systemic approach; Geomorphological dynamics; Landscape; CIENCIAS HUMANAS::GEOGRAFIA

Studying the dynamics of the Brazilian semiarid geomorphological landscape is an investigative exercise of great interest to contemporary science. Particularly, the integrated analysis of the river geomorphic processes with the various natural and socioeconomic conditions in the “Submédia" region the San Francisco River has an even more relevant purpose in viewing its geographical context and the recent evolutionary history of the Earth. In this perspective, this research was based on the systemic approach, on the structural and physiological aspect of the landscape to analyze the recent geomorphological dynamics of the islands of the Massangano and Rodeaouro, located in the Submédio San Francisco, as a subsidy for planning the proper use and occupation of their Lands. Therefore, methodological procedures associated to different stages were adopted, among them the documentary survey (bibliographical and cartographic), field work and laboratory analysis. More specifically, geoprocessing and mapping techniques, such as the digital elevation model (MDE), the correlation of information plans, geological, pedological and gemorological data analysis, were used to delimit the morphostructural and depositional units that compose the local geomorphological compartmentalization, as well as drainage and land use and occupation. In addition, profiles were described based on the morphostratigraphic approach for collecting, analyzing and dating by Optically Stimulated Luminescence (LOE) of sediments (morphoscopy and granulometry) in alluvial deposits, distinguishing its genesis, morphogenetic evolution and the environmental context in the islands. The results obtained allowed to infer that sediments of fluvial origin were removed by the winds, being slightly changed by transport flows and deposition with short distance, from a relatively near source and associated to extreme events like the floods, that still today are recurrent in this region. The ages record among 100 the 2000 years also indicate a possible geochronology of Holocene paleoclimatic events, such as prolonged El Niño periods and the so-called Little Ice Age, which intensified semiarid conditions in this region. The islands and the entire Submédio San Francisco basin have also undergone profound changes in the last 39 years, (from 1977 to 2016) due to hydrodynamic interventions with morphological and environmental implications. The dams along the course of the river, such as that of Sobradinho upstream, controlled the oscillations between droughts and floods, maintaining the regular flow, and still caused changes in flow and depositional/erosive cycle, recharge and material carrying capacity evidenced by the lowering of the water flow, the aggradation of its bed and the disappearance of several tributaries. Consequently, they also expanded the occupation of the marginal lands with high population density, agricultural, tourist and leisure activities, besides the deforestation, the erosion of the banks with the consequent colmatation of the river bed and the formation of bars and temporary sandy banks removed or submerged rocks that associated with rocky riffles downstream of the channel provide a more cohesive sediment concentration with intermittent and even permanent features in which vegetation rapidly colonizes into new islands and intercepts the flow with anastomosis. The techniques applied for the interpretation of selected sediments on the island have proved to be efficient. However, they must be correlated with the collection and analysis of deposits on other geomorphic accumulation surfaces.