Perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes pediátricos internados por asma na região nordeste de 2012 a 2022

• Autor(a) principal: Pereira, Giovane Felipe Belo
• Data de Publicação: 2023
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/18516
• topic: Asma em crianças; Crianças; Assistência hospitalar; Epidemiologia; Saúde pública; Asma; Hospitalização; Epidemiologia; Asthma; Hospitalization; Epidemiology; Public Health

Introduction: Asthma is a highly prevalent inflammatory disease of the airways, and is the most common chronic disease in the pediatric age group. In Brazil, it is estimated that there are 20 million asthma patients, and the Northeast region has the highest prevalence and hospitalization rate, accounting for 41.7% of the total number of children with asthma in the country. Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric patients hospitalized with asthma in the Northeast Region of Brazil. Methods: A descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional and retrospective study, conducted using data extracted from the DATASUS Hospital Information System, in which the hospitalizations for asthma of pediatric patients (0 - 14 years), in the Northeast region, in the period from January 2012 to December 2022, were analyzed. Results: It was observed that during the period studied, the Northeast region presented 254,320 asthma hospitalizations in the pediatric population, which corresponded to about 60% of the total hospitalizations for the disease in the region. Of these, 97% were emergencies. There was a decrease in the number of hospitalizations from 2012 to 2020, the latter being the year with the lowest number of notifications. It was identified that the hospitalized children were mostly male, brown, and aged between 1 and 4 years. Bahia was the state that presented the highest number of hospitalizations, but, on the other hand, had the lowest hospital stay rate. The state with the lowest number of notifications was Rio Grande do Norte. The months with the highest number of hospitalizations were May, April, and March, respectively. Conclusion: Asthma is a sensitive condition in primary care and, as such, if well managed, hospitalizations for exacerbations can be reduced. Despite this, the number of hospitalizations for the disease in the pediatric population of the Northeast region is still extremely high, showing the relevance of the impact of the disease in the region. Further studies are needed to understand the real scenario in the region and thus engage discussions on the subject and the creation and implementation of strategies for better care, prevention, and reduction of these rates.