Diversidade da avifauna da Serra da Guia, Sergipe e Bahia

• Autor(a) principal: Aguilar, Juan Manuel Ruiz-Esparza
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4440
• topic: Brejo; Aves; Caatinga; Brejo; Birds; Caatinga; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA

The Caatinga biome occurs in nine Brazilian states and covers some 800,000 km2 of the northeast where this dryland vegetation is the dominant habitat. Atlantic Forest habitat may occur within the Caatinga biome, particularly on hilltops and high plains of the semi-arid region over 600 meters high, forming rainforest relicts called Brejos de altitude which serve as refuges for various vertebrate species of amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. One such brejo ise found in the northwestern extreme of the state of Sergipe in the Serra da Guia, an upland area that occurs between the municipalities of Poço Redondo (Sergipe) and Pedro Alexander (Bahia). This particular brejo forest fragment is approximately 20 hectares and occurs at an elevation of 750 m. The primary objective of this study is to increase our basic knowledge of the Caatinga avifauna and investigate local variation in the diversity of birds in the Serra da Guia. Surveys were conducted at two different localities, representing the Caatinga and brejo habitats, respectively. Birds were captured using 100-m mist nets and observed at specific locations with binoculars. Data were collected on a monthly basis during three-day periods in each habitat type between October 2008 and September 2009. A total of 587 individuals representing 82 different species were captured in the Caatinga habitat locality. The most abundant species were: Coryphospingus pileatus (92 individuals; 15.6%), Elaenia chilensis (86; 14.6%), Turdus amaurichalinus (24; 4.0%), Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer (21; 3.5%) and Columbina minuta (18; 3.0%). Abundance (392 individuals) and species diversity (65) were lower in the brejo, where the most common species were: Basileuterus flaveolus (64; 16.3%), Turdus rufiventris (40; 10.2%), Turdus amaurichalinus (28; 7.1%), Sitassomus griseicapillus (23; 5.8%) and Elaenia mesoleuca (18; 4.5%). Diversity of the avifauna was significantly higher in the Caatinga locality (Shannon-Wiener H '= 3.62) than in the brejo (H' = 3.41, t = 2.66, df = 140.57; P <0.05). The values of the Jaccard (49%) and Morisita-Horn (31%) indices indicated that the two areas have less than half their respective bird species diversity in common. Of the 98 total species captured, 13 species are endemic to Brazil. While the brejo is a small area, it s characteristic biotic and abiotic conditions and resources are uniquely different from the more extensive Caatinga. These results show that the Serra da Guia brejo is a distinct habitat type that supports a unique community of birds occurring within the larger Caatinga and supports the need to treat this area as a special conservation unit.