Híbridos de Jatropha curcas L. com potencial para estabilização biotécnica de solos

• Autor(a) principal: Ferreira, Olavo José Marques
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/17943
• topic: Pinhão-manso; Pinhão-manso – Sementes – Qaulidade; Pinhão-manso – Raízes (Botânica); Bioengenharia – Solos; Physic nut; Seed quality; Root resistance; Soil bioengineering; CIENCIAS AGRARIAS

Several uses motivated the Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) cultivation expansion from its origin center in the Americas. Among the attributes of this species there are resistance to water stress, resistance to pest attack, low cost production and the possibility of cultivation in degraded areas. The root system morphology has aroused the research interest to protect the soil against negative impacts that may cause erosion. This set of features is a significant advantage for use in regions that require sustainable cultivation. Thus, with possession of jatropha hybrid plants, the following researches were conducted: i) the technological prospection for the Jatropha genus with a view to technological processes, soil bioengineering technique and propagation techniques; ii) Jatropha seeds image analysis and classification according to the ripeness of the fruit degree; iii) index and Jatropha curcas (L.) hybrids genetic divergence for use in soil bioengineering techniques and iv) Jatropha curcas root system behavior in slope stabilization. The prospection was performed on scientific, technological and patent research databases. A large volume of scientific publications and patent filings were found involving the term Jatropha curcas. However, there are no technological innovations deposited in Jatropha databases for use in soil bioengineering. Aiming at the efficient propagation of the hybrids, the seed quality was performed by X-ray analysis. The use of X-ray test and the categorization of Jatropha curcas seeds allows to identify hybrids with higher yield of well-formed seeds classified as full. Ten fruit seed hybrids were used at different maturation stages. The hybrid JCUFS-04xJCUFS-05 presented the best physiological quality. For the hybrids JCUFS-04xJCUFS-13 and JCUFS- 01xJCUFS0-13 there is a positive correlation for X-ray images, germination percentage and normal plant occurrence. Since there is a great need for plants with biotechnical potential identification, the Dickson’s quality index was applied to seedlings produced from Jatropha curcas live cuttings. The seedlings were analyzed at different evaluation time to identify plants with higher biotechnical potential. The hybrids JCUFS-01xJCUFS-05, JCUFS-01x JCUFS-13 and JCUFS-04xJCUFS-05 present biotechnical potential, with greater development capacity. Jatropha curcas presents a high survival rate, being the best rate observed at 60 days after staking. The Jatropha curcas plants root system behavior was determined by the monolith and cylinder method with tensile tests on roots that were submitted to stress in order to determine the breakdown tension. Root volume, density, and distribution decrease with the increasing of the soil depth with a strong negative correlation between the indexes and root depth of the soil. By the cylinder method, the roots reached depths larger than 2 m. The hybrids with the highest biotechnical potential in soil containment are JCUFS-01xJCUFS-05, JCUFS-01x JCUFS-13 and JCUFS-04xJCUFS-05.