Fitorremediação utilizando Typha domingensis em sistema de zonas úmidas construídas

• Autor(a) principal: Gomes, Marcos Vinícius Teles
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3292
• topic: Biotecnologia; Biorremediação; Typha; Mercurio; Bioprocessos; Fitorremediação; Zonas úmidas construídas; Typha domingensis; Tratamento de águas residuais; Mercúrio; Bioremediation; Biotechnology; Sewage; Bioprocess; Phytoremediation; Constructed wetlands; Typha domingensis; Wastewater treatment; Mercury; CNPQ::OUTROS

The presence of mercury in aquatic environments has been cause for concern on the part of the scientific community and public health agencies around the world, due to their persistence and toxicity. Currently, the global demand for animal protein has enhanced aquaculture productivity, increasing the generation of wastewater with high content of nitrogen and phosphorous compounds. The phytoremediation consists of a group of technologies based on naturally occurring plants or use genetically modified to reduce, remove, degrade or immobilize toxins, as an alternative to conventional methods of wastewater treatment, due to its sustainability, low maintenance cost and energy. The present study provides information of an experiment conducted on a pilot scale, designed to evaluate the potential of macrophyte Typha domingensis in subsurface flow constructed wetlands for phytoremediation of fish-farming, wastewater or contaminated with mercury. The rate constant of the system was 7 times greater than the control line, demonstrating a higher performance and reduce 99.6 ± 0.4% of mercury present in contaminated water. When compared to other species, the results showed that the Typha domingensis showed greater accumulation of mercury (273.3515 ± 0.7234 mg kg-1), when the transfer coefficient was 7750.9864 ± 569.5468 L kg-1. After 120 h of exposure time, treatment with 50 shoots/m2 showed a total nitrogen removal efficiency of 217% subscript (free from macrophyte), showing the Typha domingensis, essential for phytoremediation of nitrogen. For total phosphorus, the removal efficiency was 26% more than the line of control, possibly by being present in particulate matter, and this, be retained predominantly by filtration and sedimentation. The efficiency of removal of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were approximately 90%, similar or superior to those obtained in other studies. The results demonstrated the great potential of macrophyte Typha domingensis in subsurface flow constructed wetlands for phytoremediation of wastewater from fish farming, or contaminated with mercury.