Estrutura da taxocenose de morcegos (Chiroptera) do médio rio Madeira, Porto Velho, RO : uma abordagem ecológica e metodológica

• Autor(a) principal: Pedroso, Mônica Aparecida
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/11336
• topic: Quirópteros; Amazônia; Diversidade; Redes de neblina; Sucesso de captura; Chiroptera; Amazon jungle; Diversity; Mist nets; Capture success; CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA

Among the remarkable variety of mammals living in the Amazon, bats stand out for the diversity of species and their ecological importance. To date, 146 species have been described for the biome in Brazil. Researchers around the world have been searching for better ways to collect ecological and taxonomic data about the group. The current knowledge about bat ecology is thanks to methods and types of functional studies that still need further discussions. Currently, the main method used for the sampling of bats are mist nets and most of the studies uses ground-level nets, performed with more than one sample night at the same point with the six hours effort (18: 00-00: 00) most commonly employed. The ecological importance of bats and the need for improvements in capture methods motivated us to carry out this study with two chapters. The objective of chapter 1 was to characterize the structure of the taxocenoses of chiroptera of the Middle Rio Madeira, Rondônia, regarding the richness, composition and abundance of species, evaluating how these metrics vary along the riparian landscape. With an effort of 9,020,160 h/ m2 we obtained a total of 4,554 bats of 66 species. Three species were recorded for the first time in the state of Rondônia (Trinycteris nicefori Sanborn, 1949, Centronycteris maximiliani Fischer, 1829, Lampronycteris brachyotis (Donson, 1879) and one (Chiroderma salvini) in Brazil. The frugivores presented the greatest richness and abundance, followed by the gleaning insectivores and high-flyer aerial insectivorous. The difference in species abundance between the left and right margins was significant. The rarefaction curve pointed to a slight tendency for stability in Mutum left margin and Caiçara right margin, showing that new species could be increased if there was an increase in capture effort. The species composition among the modules was significantly different, with the substitution and loss of species being the mechanisms that simultaneously shaped the structure of the taxocenosis of bats from the Middle Madeira. The Chapter 2 sought to verify the efficiency of methodological aspects in the capture of bats with regard to samplings performed on consecutive nights and the number of sample hours each night. Evaluating measures of central tendency (medians) instead of absolute values found significant differences in relation to abundance and species richness among the three nights sampled (1ª, 2ª and 3ª), with the first night standing out in relation to the second and third. In other words, there is a clear tendency to reduce catch success (richness and abundance) over consecutive nights in one place. Our results showed that there are no significant gains in richness that justify sampling all night long when the intention is to sample the diversity. In general, only four rare species (D. glauca, U. magnirostrum, V. pusila, M. nigricans) were added in the second session, which may have happened by simple chance.