O conhecimento do mundo como geografia filosófica e filosofia geográfica em Immanuel Kant

• Autor(a) principal: Lopes, Jecson Girão
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/10369
• topic: Geografia; Filosofia; Espaço e tempo; Natureza; Estética; Filosofia crítica; Relação espaço-temporal; Relação humana-natural; Filosofia geográfica; Geografia filosófica; Conhecimento do mundo; Immanuel Kant; Spatio-temporal relation; Human-natural relation; Geographical philosophy; Philosophical geography; Knowlwdge of the world; CIENCIAS HUMANAS::GEOGRAFIA

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), a philosopher who became known for the change in the direction of Western philosophical thought, for what he called the awakening of dogmatic sleep, or even the Copernican revolution of thinking, critical philosophy, taught geography at the University of Königsberg of the years of 1756, began his teaching career until 1796, ending his official teaching activities at the university, making a total of 49 geography courses over 40 years of teaching. Geography, therefore, goes through all stages of development of academic teaching and its philosophy, from the pre-critical period before 1781 to the critical period of criticism of the Pure Reason (1781A/1787B), the Practical Rationale (1788) and the Faculty of Judge (1790), showing the irreplaceable role that geography played in the development of its teaching and philosophical activities, to the point of being considered as the knowledge of the world without which one did not advance in critical philosophical, but enlightened and mundane, given space-temporally. Kant, in this sense, develops a close relationship between a philosophy that manifests itself geographically and an eminently philosophical geography. Thus the relation between philosophy and geography and of philosophy with the philosophy of geography professor and philosopher of Königsberg, as well as the nuances that emerge from this relationship, is the central objective of our research endeavor, which will be evidenced by the complexity that geography for Kant is becoming over time, because it is the science that concatenates the relationship between the human being and nature, grounding the human-natural relations within the limits of the frontiers of humanly valid scientific knowledge, the phenomenal, both from the point of view universal and singular view. In the development of the research, we go through works that extend from the years 1755 to the post-Third Critical period of 1790, showing that the spatio-temporal, geographical, natural-human relationship of Kant's world knowledge is established by a dynamic, which results in a systematicity and an organicity that is not only mechanical-causal but also teleological, which lacks observation, description and explanation, therefore, of a geographical philosophy and a philosophical geography, without which one does not learn to philosophize, therefore, it does not become clarifies and does not become a geographical citizen of the world.