Mapeamento e análise da acústica ambiental: estudo de caso no Campus da UFS - São Cristóvão (SE)

• Autor(a) principal: Lima, Janaína Costa
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/13930
• topic: Arquitetura; Poluição sonora; Ruído; Acústica; Ambiente; Universidades públicas; Environmental noise; Noise pollution; Acoustic map; Perception analysis; CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ARQUITETURA E URBANISMO

Man has been exposed to different types of sounds and noises since the dawn of civilization, but with the development of urban centers, the accumulation of different sound sources has degraded the environment and affected the quality of life. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), noise pollution occupies the second place in the ranking of environmental problems that most harm human health. Educational environments are not free from this negative impact. The activities developed in these places require a high degree of concentration to obtain satisfactory performance, however, several researches indicate how noise pollution has affected this performance. In this context, the present study had the objective of evaluating the environmental acoustics in the University City “Prof. José Aloísio de Campos ”from the Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão - SE. The analysis of environmental acoustics occurred from an objective evaluation through measurements of sound pressure levels and acoustic maps obtained by computer simulation, in addition to subjective evaluations with the application of questionnaires on the perception and quality of the sound environment in a given internal area of the UFS Campus (São Cristóvão). The following steps were taken: 1. Physical characterization of the Campus (São Cristóvão) and selection of the analyzed areas and subareas; 2. Sound pressure level measurement; 3. Implementation and validation of the acoustic model (acoustic simulation software - iNoise 2020); 4. Generation of acoustic maps; 5. Application of questionnaires. 6. Tabulation and analysis of the results of objective and subjective evaluations. The measurements indicated that of the 30 measured points, 19 are above 50 dB (A), determined as the maximum limit in the daytime for school environments, NBR 10.151 (ABNT, 2019). Through the acoustic map, it was identified that the noisiest places on the campus are close to the surrounding arterial roads, with intense vehicle traffic (main source of linear noise); among some didactics, where air conditioning compressors are installed; and in places where people chat. Despite the interference of these point sources, the campus core is the region analyzed most quietly, corresponding to Democracy Square, the main place of sociability, in which the sound most perceived by 47% of the interviewees is that of nature. Of the 148 questionnaires applied, 45% of users stated that they have already felt harmful effects associated with noise within UFS. Therefore, this study highlights the importance and the need for noise control in sensitive areas, such as a university, and the acoustic map can contribute to the planning of future campus facilities.