Insegurança alimentar e nutricional e programa bolsa família: estudo comparativo com mulheres das comunidades quilombolas e da população geral de Alagoas, Brasil

• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Ewerton Amorim dos
• Data de Publicação: 2021
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/16848
• topic: Segurança alimentar; Quilombolas; Política social; Programas de sustentação de renda (Brasil); Food and nutrition security; Quilombolas; Social policy; Income support programs (Brazil); CIENCIAS DA SAUDE

Introduction: Despite the progress of national programs to fight hunger, such as the Bolsa Familia program, there are divergent results in the efficiency of the program, when comparing non-quilombola populations with quilombolas and regions in the north and northeast with other regions of the country. There is a lack of data on the food security situation in minority groups, which makes it difficult to properly plan programs and public policies adapted to the reality of these groups. Objective: To analyze, comparatively between the quilombola population and the general population of the state of Alagoas, the association between the condition of user of the Bolsa Família Program and the occurrence of food insecurity and its associated factors. Methods: Cross-sectional population-based study with data from two surveys, which for identification purposes will be called: “2015 Survey” and “2018 Survey”. The 2015 survey used a probabilistic sample representative of families in the state of Alagoas, while the 2018 survey was a population-based study of the remaining communities of quilombos in Alagoas. In both surveys, data were obtained in the respective households through interviews applied to the eligible woman. The situation of Food and Nutritional Security was assessed by applying the Brazilian Scale of Food Insecurity. The other socioeconomic and environmental variables were obtained through structured forms. Descriptive data were presented using absolute and relative frequencies. Receipt or not of the Bolsa Família program was compared with the different categories of independent variables by survey, using the chi-square test. To analyze the determinants of food insecurity, Poisson's multiple regression analysis was performed, with robust adjustment, using two hierarchical models. Both projects were approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Alagoas. Results: It was found that being a PBF user and living in quilombola communities was independently associated with INSAN. Likewise, these conditions were more present in families with lower family income, households with fewer rooms, belonging to the economic class D/E, family with children under 18, schooling of the "housewife" of less than 4 years of study, greater number of people in the household and not their own household. The prevalence of INSAN in the Quilombola population was higher than that of the general population (67.4% vs. 58.4%, respectively; p<0.001), as was the proportion of families using the BFP (58.5% vs. 52 .6%, respectively; p<0.001). Despite receiving the transferred income, the poverty profile was not significantly changed, given the predominance of social vulnerability indicators (low income, economic classification, housing conditions, among other characteristics) among PBF users in both segments investigated populations (P-interaction=0.672). Conclusion: The occurrence of food insecurity is high, both in the general population and in the quilombola communities, being the most serious situation among the families that use the PBF, especially those from the quilombola communities. Despite the social relevance of government programs, it is essential that the population has access to broader and more effective policies, such as education, professional qualification, employment and income, so that social and economic disparities are reduced in a sustainable way.