Três ensaios sobre energia renovável e o financiamento público à pesquisa: uma análise a partir do fundo setorial de energia

• Autor(a) principal: Ferreira, Lindomayara França
• Data de Publicação: 2021
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/18806
• topic: Energia renovável; P&D (Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento); Financiamento; Fundo Setorial de Energia; Renewable energy; Financing; Sectorial Energy Fund; CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA

The performance of the Brazilian State in financial support to PD&I in energy was consolidated with the creation of the Electric Energy Fund (CT-Energ) - within the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FNDCT) with Law nº 9.991/2000 -, representing a crucial reform in the National Innovation System (SNI). Although the percentage of application of resources in R&D activities by the concessionaires has been increased since 2006, the absence of specific financing funds from PD&I in renewable energies causes a weakness in the Sectorial System of Innovation in Renewable Energy (SIER) - this being, still incipient in Brazil. This dissertation is divided into three essays. In the first essay, in addition to the theoretical discussion around the challenges of renewable energy in Brazil - with an emphasis on the depletion of the current model, the role of R&D and the State's role in an environmentally sustainable energy transition - a regional mapping of technologies was carried out renewable sources, through the Locational Quotient (QL) indicator, to identify their specialization patterns. The sector still has some bottlenecks, however, the results showed signs of specialization in renewable energy in most Brazilian states, with emphasis on the Northeast region, which in 2019 showed a high degree of specialization in the production of wind and solar energy. In the second essay, in addition to the discussion about the importance of science, R&D and innovation for the maturity of renewable energy sources and the role of public financing, an analysis was carried out: i) the trajectory of scientific and technological production in renewable energies and, ii) the ability to share knowledge between institutions, in the scientific field, through the network analysis method. The results point to an advance in scientific productivity between 2011-2019, but a huge mismatch in technological productivity (patents), which highlights the low degree of technological development in the country. Finally, the third essay, analyzed the contribution of the sectorial fund of FNDCT energy in terms of its capacity to foster scientific research in renewable energies in Brazil, based on a probabilistic econometric analysis, between the period 2011 to 2015. The database used in the estimates was built from the combination of data from the FNDCT/CNPq database and the Lattes Curriculum of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). The survey consisted of the extraction of information and characteristics of researchers with PhDs and PhD students during the period of access to the resource. The results obtained demonstrated a positive marginal impact of the Sectorial Energy Fund of 2.27% on the scientific productivity of the researchers in the sample. Thus, within this framework, in which renewable energy technologies have a high potential for expansion, it was possible to justify the importance of R&D and financing for renewable energy research, to create a more attractive environment for other financing modalities in Brazil.