Respostas fisiológicas de cultivares de feijão [Phaseolus vulgaris L. e Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walph.] submetidas à deficiência hídrica : uma alternativa para a agricultura familiar do semi-árido sergipano

• Autor(a) principal: Lima, Aline Alves Ferreira
• Data de Publicação: 2008
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4086
• topic: Deficiência hídrica; Agricultura familiar; Poço Verde; Sergipe; Water stress; familiar agriculture; Poço Verde; Sergipe; CNPQ::OUTROS

The essay had as purpose to analyze physiological responses in common and cowpea bean cultivars submitted to water stress to indicate that one with bigger possibilities of adaptation for the plantation on the arid regions in Sergipe. For this, the study was divided in two stages. The first one consisted in a briefing diagnostic concerning the beans production in Poço Verde city, the major producer of beans in the State, verifying the main characteristics and difficulties of the culture. The diagnosis was carried through local visits and interviews directed to the beans producers of the city. The second stage was centered in ecophysiological, biochemists and phenological analyses carried in Vigna unguiculata L. (´Marataoã´and Gurguéia ) and Phaseolus vulgaris L. ( Radiante ) cultivars, comparing the behavior of irrigated and not irrigated plants. The ecophysiological analyses had been carried in a greenhouse at the Biology Institute in the Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), evaluating water potential, the relative water content, the stomatal conductance, the transpiration ratio and the photosynthetic ratio. The biochemists analyses, carried in the Botany Applied Laboratory in the UFS, had enclosed dosages of proline, chlorophyll, soluble sugars and proteins contents. The phenological analyses had measured number and weight of seeds, dimension and amount of viable string beans and number of seeds for string bean. The experimental results had been submitted to the analysis of variance and the averages compared for the Tukey test, 5% of significance. The result of the interviews showed that the bean production in Poço Verde city is based in the rules of familiar agriculture. The cultural traditions have important function in the agricultural activities definition, reflecting itself also in the choice of the type of beans to be planted. The climatic characteristics and the lack of technician and financiers incentives correspond to the main impediments faced for the agriculturists of the city. Despite the faced difficulties, the producers do not think about abandoning the agricultural activity, demonstrating possibility for the plantation of new dry resistant varieties of beans. In the scope of the experimental evaluations, the ecophysiological analyses had not showed great discrepancies among the cultivars in the plants submitted to the water stress. The prominences are for account of the best performance of cowpea cultivars in the transpiration and water efficience use. Under biochemist aspect, the occurrence of osmotic adjustment was evidenced in all cultivate however, with different levels .The osmotic adjustment is considered a dry resistance characteristic and in this experiment it is associated with absence of alterations in proteins and chlorophyll contents. The reproductive potential was not affected by the water stress in all cultivars. The general analysis showed points of superiority in the cowpea cultivars in relation to the common beans, but inside of the P.vulgaris L. specie, Radiante cultivar showed positive results. Of this form, under the aspect of aptitude in the dry resistance, the Marataoã and Gurguéia cultivars would be the best option, however not it is possible disrespect the importance of the cultural component in the results of the interviews carried in Poço Verde city. Under this aspect, the cultivar Radiante could be a viable option for the plantation in the region.