Análise do momento da realização de traqueostomia em pacientes submetidos à ventilação mecânica em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva

• Autor(a) principal: Abreu, Isis Layane Silva de
• Data de Publicação: 2023
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/18745
• topic: Traqueostomia; Respiração artificial; Unidade de tratamento intensivo; Ventilação mecânica; Unidade de terapia intensiva; Tracheostomy; Mechanical ventilation; Intensive care unit

Tracheostomy was the only way to establish an artificial airway for a long time. In the 20th century, orotracheal intubation became the method of choice due to having fewer inherent risks in the procedure and to being easier to perform by professionals. With the expansion of its use, acute and chronic laryngeal injuries could be observed in patients with prolonged orotracheal intubation. Thus, the importance of converting to tracheostomy in patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation has come under debate in the scientific community, as well as what would be the ideal time to perform this conversion. The main objetive of the study is to analyze the timing of tracheostomy, early (up to 7 days) or late (from 8 days), in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation and its effects on the patient’s clinical evolution. This is a prospective cohort study, conducted in the Intensive Care Unit of the University Hospital of Lagarto (SE), which included patients over 18 years old who required mechanical ventilation from Oct/22 to Mar/23. The study showed that patients undergoing early tracheostomy had shorter duration of mechanical ventilação and length of intensive care unit stay, reducing the length of hospital stay compared to late tracheostomy. Most of the patients undergoing tracheostomy, regardless of the timing of the procedure, successfully weaned off mechanical ventilation in a short period of time. Finally, the data were insuficient to demonstrate difference between groups in terms of sepsis, ventilation-associated pneumonia and mortality rates.