Dinâmica geoecológica e cenários potenciais para conservação da paisagem semiárida na bacia do riacho São José em Pernambuco

• Autor(a) principal: Chaves, Ana Maria Severo
• Data de Publicação: 2021
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/14373
• topic: Geografia; Paisagens; Proteção de paisagens; Modelos matemáticos; Ecologia paisagística; Fitogeografia; Política ambiental; Regiões áridas; Pernambuco; Região agreste de Pernambuco; Geoecologia das paisagens; Sistema territorial; Planejamento ambiental conservacionista; Modelagem preditiva; Agreste region of Pernambuco; Landscape geoecology; Phytogeography; Territorial system; Conservation environmental planning; Predictive modeling; CIENCIAS HUMANAS::GEOGRAFIA

The semi-arid environment comprises the Caatinga biome (unique in Brazil) and forms geomorphological features that testify landscapes balanced by the interactions established between the geoecological components: climate, geology, soil, relief, hydrography and vegetation. These interactions give shape and color to the surface of the São José Riacho Basin (BRSJ), which makes up an appropriate territorial system and transformed by society, in the construction of territories in their economic, political, environmental and cultural interface. Situation that, over time, has reflected in the depletion of the semiarid landscape in the harsh region of the state of Pernambuco, due to the modes of appropriation and transformations made of the land, causing environmental problems, degrading processes, interference in geoecological dynamics, ecosystem functions affecting the provision of ecosystem services. In this context, the present research was developed under matrices of Applied Physical Geography, aiming to analyze the geoecological dynamics of the Riacho São José basin, in the Agreste region of Pernambuco, to propose prospective scenarios for the conservation of the semiarid landscape. With this intention, the methodological approach adopted was the integrated analysis of the landscape, comprising office work, field activities and making cartographic materials in a Geographic Information Systems environment, addressing different procedures applied to geoecology. Thus, the results show the intrinsic relationships that configure the semi-arid landscape of BRSJ through the geoecological characterization of the physical-natural components, with attention to the phytogeographic dynamics in their structures, horizontal and vertical, and the floristic diversity: being verified, in the spatialization of the Index of Normalized Vegetation (NDVI), that the plant phytophysiognomies and the representative points of the vegetation are concentrated in the areas of strong wavy to cliff relief; NDVI also made it possible to locate the ideal points for the construction of Vegetation Pyramids (PVs) and to measure floristic diversity; thus, using phytosociological methods, it was found that arborescent and shrub species are in a state of equilibrium with greater dominance and abundance; that the occurrence of abundant and rare species reveals a good Shannon diversity index, of 3.13, characterizing an environment representative of local phytogeography, therefore it must be conserved. In the context of patterns and changes in land cover, there was little variation in classes over the 30 years studied; already in the specificities of the territorial system, there is the existence of many equipments (for social uses) and various services, where the provision of fifty-one ecosystem services (SE) stands out, which are mainly concentrated in areas of natural vegetation and agricultural manmade. This information, on geoecological characterization, phytogeographic dynamics and land cover, reveals the current geoecological interactions of the basin, indicating that 43% of the area has levels of geoecological suitability suitable for anthropic uses and that at least 23% of BRSJ must be preserved in their natural state. Findings that are expanded in predictive modeling, which revealed numerous future scenarios (09), however only in one of them was it possible to recover all areas of permanent preservation of water courses, this starting from an interval of 20 years and adopting environmental planning from a conservationist perspective for a semiarid landscape. In view of the results achieved, it is believed that the guiding questions were answered over the four chapters of results, proving the proposed thesis, since it produced results that reflect the geoecological dynamics of the studied reality and envisioned the construction of viable future scenarios, it is necessary to know the geoecological and socio-environmental context that make up the Riacho São José basin. Therefore, the research comprises an important document regarding the methodological proposals applied in the study and the environmental planning in a semi-arid environment, thinking within the potential and landscape possibilities of the semiarid.