Avaliação geoecológica e dos riscos ambientais na paisagem costeira de Aracaju/SE

• Autor(a) principal: Mota, Luana Santos Oliveira
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5475
• topic: Geografia ambiental; Geologia ambiental; Ecologia costeira; Avaliações de riscos ambientais; Litoral (transformações); Litoral (Aracaju/SE); Proteção de paisagens; Derivações antropogênicas; Unidades geoecológicas; Perigos ambientais; Vulnerabilidade; Cenários; Anthropogenic derivations; Geoecological units; Environmental hazard; Vulnerability; Scenarios; CIENCIAS HUMANAS::GEOGRAFIA

The coastal landscape presents one of the most complex systems due to the convergence of atmospheric, continental and oceanic agents. Under this fragile and dynamic biophysical composition, anthropic systems, which are manifested in the most diverse types of use and occupation, are spatialized. Associated with such conjuncture, we highlight the coastal landscape of the municipality of Aracaju, central coast and capital of Sergipe state, which is the object of study of this thesis. The occupation of this area, intensified after the 70’s, is a result of the urban expansion of the city towards the coastal front. This process has been notably led by the joint action between private capital and state action and assumed the shape of a predatory model whose implication is the continuous suppression of natural features and the interruption of geoecological functions performed by them. In view of the problem that has been exposed, the scope of this research study has been to evaluate the risks associated with the coastal landscape of Aracaju, based on the postulates of Geoecology. The method adopted in order to comprehend the object of study was the systemic approach, which comprehends a holistic analysis of landscape components. The risk assessment included: the analysis of the coastal front occupation – responsible for evidencing phases, settlement patterns and, mainly, indicating the agents that have influenced this process; the geoecological study of the landscape – in which we analyzed the composition, the structure, the evolution and the function exerted by the delimited units (Marine Terrace, Tidal Flat, Dune Field and Recent Sedimentation Environments), such as the environmental condition of the landscape and the biophysical vulnerability of the units; and, ultimately, the delimitation of risk areas – assessed by the interpolation of hazard indicators (magnitude and susceptibility) and by the vulnerability of anthropic structures. What has been concluded in the space of this thesis is that the environmental risk scenarios emerged from the combination of the high natural susceptibility of geoecological units and the reduction of resistance and resilience of physical components in the face of the analyzed hazards – intense rainfall events and coastal erosion. This limitation of support capacity comes from a pattern of urban expansion that has not made the maintenance of balance between elements of the landscape feasible. As the occupation process itself has occurred in a disordered way, anthropic structures are deficient and unable to completely absorb the effects of hazardous events, a fact which accentuates vulnerability. The result of this conjunction is that much of the area investigated is framed in the medium and high risk degrees, with emphasis on the Marine Terrace, especially when associated with wet shoals and lagoons, and the Deposits Associated with Coalescence of Sand Banks. In an analysis of future scenarios, based on the evaluation of historical-current tendencies, it is deduced that in the face of the continuity of the assessed process, there is an evident propensity for both the increase and the aggravation of risk scenarios.