Tecnologia lítica e dinâmicas de ocupação do Brasil central do pleistoceno final ao holoceno médio: contribuição da sequência arqueológica da Serra da Capivara - Piauí

• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira e Lucas, Lívia
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/13520
• topic: Arqueologia; Implementos líticos; Sítios arqueológicos; Arqueologia e história; Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara (PI); Tecnologia lítica; Transição pleistoceno-holoceno; Holoceno médio; Povoamento do Brasil Central; Lithic Technology; Pleistocene-holocene transition; Middle holocene; Central Brazil Settlement; Technologie lithique; Transition pléistocène-holocène; Holocène moyen; Peuplement du Brésil Central; CIENCIAS HUMANAS::ARQUEOLOGIA

Around 13,000 years BP, from the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, hunter-gatherer groups became more observable in the Brazilian archaeological record. This period was the origin of the densest settlement process in Brazil. Several occupations dated from that estage are attested in the area known as Central Brazil. Most of them are connected to the Itaparica Thecnocomplex, an original technical system based on the functional complementarity between the unifacially shaped pieces with a flat face (also known as lesmas or flat surface), and equipments on chips. The Itaparica Thecnocomplex is the common cultural element of the prehistoric populations of this vast territory, and will last up to almost 8,000 years, when a deep technical rupture occurs, giving rise to a technical system of instruments on varied and little modified chips. The common characteristics of the lithic industries in this large area are one of the foremost components in the formulation of models for the settlement of that area, substantially based on interregional studies of a coetaneous nature. These studies highlight the common culture, revealing dynamics of occupation at each stage of the process, and probable exchanges between populations, but the evolution of cultural aspects has been poorly approached. Our study aims to understand the diachrony of occupations from the late Pleistocene to the Middle Holocene, through the research of the rich cultural sequence of Serra da Capivara, Piauí. Through the structural analysis of the lithic industries of the archaeological sequence of Toca do João Leite, Toca da Baixa das Cabaceiras and Toca do Veado, covering occupations from 12,800 to 6,000 years cal BP, we revealed that, in the area, the Itaparica Technocomplex is of external origin and, quickly, aggregated regional features. During the Middle Holocene, the lithic industries are completely different from the previous period, loaded with juxtaposed elements without strict integration, but also with innovations in the ways of débitage.