Asma em adolescentes : evolução da prevalência, fatores associados e perfil de sensibilização

• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Sergio Luiz de Oliveira
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3569
• topic: Asma; Adolescentes; Alergia e imunologia; Doenças imunológicas; Pediatria; ISAAC; Fatores de Risco; Prevalência; Sensibilização; Asthma; Prevalence; ISAAC; Risk factors; Sensitization; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE

Introdution: The ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) protocol has shown heterogeneous results regarding asthma prevalence around the world in the last twenty years. These figures including the risk factors analysis, are very important for the understanding of asthma epidemiology. Methods: Asthma prevalence and risk factors associated were determinate using ISAAC protocol in public and private schools of Aracaju, Northeast of Brazil. Three thousand and nine students between 13 and 14 years old participated in the study within a random sample of 70 schools using the question about wheezing in the last 12 months. From the initial number of students, 430 adolescents from 35 selected schools were submitted to skin prick test and a questionnaire assessing risk factors. A correlation analysis using chi-square to define p-value and subsequently the multivariated analysis using Poisson regression. The study was approved by local ethical committee and full informed consent for participation was obtained from parents or guardians. Results: Asthma prevalence in Aracaju was 12,8% (data from 2005 showed 18,7%). Indoor allergens sensitization was not associated with current wheezing, but was significant when associated with cumulative asthma and physician diagnosed asthma. The allergens more frequently positively associated were dust mites. Having a dog outside home Prevalence Ratio (PR)=0,93 (CI95% 0,88-0,98); p=0,018 and having an older sibling PR=0,94 (CI95% 0,91-0,98); p=0,005 were defined as a likely protective factor for current wheezing and exposure to second-hand cigarette smoke PR=1,04 (CI95%= 1,00-1,09);p=0,039 was defined as a possible positive risk factor. Conclusion: Current prevalence data is significantly lower than 2005 in Aracaju and reached one of the lowest rates in Brazil s Northeast. The associated factors strengthen smoking association with asthma, besides support the Hygiene Hypothesis.