Condicionantes socioambientais de saúde de marisqueiras da Ilha de Mem de Sá, Itaporanga D’Ajuda-SE

• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Lorena Xavier Conceição
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/12750
• topic: Pesca artesanal; Saúde ocupacional; Doenças profissionais; Sustentabilidade e meio ambiente; Saúde e trabalho; Comunidade tradicional; Doenças do trabalho; Sustentabilidade socioambiental; Artisanal fishing; Traditional community; Occupational health; Occupational diseases; Socioenvironmental sustainability; OUTROS

Working is not only the means to attain a person’s income and to provide goods to the physical body but also the means for the maintenance of a healthy mind. However depending on how, where and when the labor activity is carried out, working may as well become a source of illnesses, or else may deepen preexisting health problems. For this reason, it must be surveilled by authorities, and the workplace must adjusted to ensure a minimum health standard for those who develop their daily jobs. This present research is scientifically relevant, because it aims to explore the occupational universe of the shellfish collectors from Mem de Sá island, located in the river Vaza Barris estuary, within the municipality of Itaporanga d’Ajuda, state of Sergipe, Brazil. Although artisanal fishing and shellfish collecting are important economic activities in Brazil, the workers carrying out the job – mostly women - are off the national occupational health charts. To observe these collectors’ labor activity becomes thus a fundamental step to the understanding and measuring of the possible work-related mental and physical health problems that can affect them. For this reason, this doctorate research aims to analyze the degree of sustainability of the Mem de Sá shellfish collectors’ labor activity. For the development of this research, it was needed to understand in a holistic manner the characteristics of each step involved in the activities of artisanal fishing and shellfish collecting. These being the main revenue source for 90% of the participants in this research, shellfish collecting is also an important part of this community`s culture and identity. The methodologies used to collect qualitative data that faithfully represented the kind of analysis proposed here were: ethnographic research, for 8 visits to the island, and to the fishing points in the mangrove, as well as and immersion period that occurred from April 18 to 21, 2019, and the development of direct participating observation and accompanying the shellfish collectors in their work places; and snowball technique, following the standards of collection, organization and data and knowledge production. For collecting quantitative data, the author made a documental analysis in the fishermen`s colony Z 9, a qualiquantitative one on Occupational Hygiene, through the measurement of work-related environmental risks as proposed by MTB Decree n. 3214, of June 8 1978, as put forward by NR-9. The analyzed environmental physical risk variables were: nonionizing radiation (UV and UVB rays), noise, thermal stress, illuminance and humidity. The methodological criteria used to verify ergonomic risks was based on the qualiquantitative analysis, following the standards put forward by NR-17 and by the Finish Institute of Ocupational Health guidelines for ergonomic analysis of the work place. Accidental risks were measured through the concept of probability risks sponsored by the World Labor Organization regarding the deficiency in control measures to minimize this risk. The sustainability indicators for the Mem de Sá Island shellfish collector’s occupational activities were a result of the application of methodologies in a systematic way, seeking precision in all data, before the measurement of environmental, social and economic indicators. The global index 0,352 ± 0,178 was estimated shellfish collecting in Mem de Sá, from a scale 0 to 1, the average IS being considered bad or very bad. The sociocultural dimension was the most relevant one in shellfish collecting, because local culture has cohesion and strength to control and carry on with this artisanal activity amongst women and family in general. However this thesis has considered that shellfish collecting may be considered an unsustainable activity for women, in the environmental and social dimensions. Projects that highlight the value and the importance of their local knowledge and activities must be incentivized in order to promote better environmental and accident risk control measures, thus improving techniques and practices used in the community and bringing about more quality of life for the shellfish collectors.