Micotoxinas no milho roxo peruano
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2017 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/18184 |
Resumo: | Purple corn is a variety of corn that is produced in the Peruvian Andes. Its characteristic color is by the presence of the pigment called antiocyanine that presents antioxidant, antimutagenic, anticancer and anti-diabetic properties. These characteristics have made that in addition to being used as a dye, is used as raw material in the elaboration of several by-products. Currently Peru exports this input, however, due to the lack of regulation and because it is considered an organic product, mycotoxin analyzes are not required. These toxins can be produced by filamentous fungi at any stage of the maize food chain. Its consumption by humans or animals can cause carcinogenic, mutagenic, hepatotoxic, estrogenic, immunotoxic and nephrotoxic effects, which is why international organisms have established maximum tolerable limits (MTL) of mycotoxins in foods to try to control exposure. Considering the possible effects of mycotoxins on consumers of Peruvian purple maize, the objective was to determine the presence of mycotoxins in this corn through LC-MS/MS. A total of 82 samples of purple maize were obtained from different Peruvian markets in two periods: December 2015 to March 2016 and March to April 2017. The mycotoxins analyzed were aflatoxins, fumonisins, zearelenone, ochratoxin A and the following trichothecenes: deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone X, deacetoxyscirpenol, 3-acetyl-DON, HT-2 and T-2. It was verified that the most prevalent mycotoxins were aflatoxins and fumonisins, with a prevalence of 64.6 and 63.4%, respectively, with co-occurrence of these two mycotoxins in 45.1% of the samples. Only one sample had a quantifiable concentration for zearalenone and any sample was contaminated by ochratoxin A and trichothecenes. Considering the MTLs implemented by the European Community (EC, 2006, 2007, 2013), 12% of the analyzed samples had concentrations higher than the MTL of 1000 μg kg-1 for fumonisins and one sample had MTL of 10 μg kg-1 higher for aflatoxins. However, considering the Brazilian legislation, 9.8% of the samples had levels above the MTL of 5000 μg kg-1 of fumonisins (BRASIL, 2011, 2013, 2017). This is the first research that evaluates the occurrence of mycotoxins analyzed by LC-MS/MS in Peruvian purple maize and identifies that maize may constitute a source of intoxication, posing a risk to public health. Controls are required in the production chain of this grain and the implementation of legislation with MTLs of mycotoxins. |
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Micotoxinas no milho roxo peruanoMycotoxins in peruvian purple maizeChicha moradaMazamorra moradaAflatoxinasFumonisinasZea maysAflatoxinsFumonisinsCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::MEDICINA VETERINARIAPurple corn is a variety of corn that is produced in the Peruvian Andes. Its characteristic color is by the presence of the pigment called antiocyanine that presents antioxidant, antimutagenic, anticancer and anti-diabetic properties. These characteristics have made that in addition to being used as a dye, is used as raw material in the elaboration of several by-products. Currently Peru exports this input, however, due to the lack of regulation and because it is considered an organic product, mycotoxin analyzes are not required. These toxins can be produced by filamentous fungi at any stage of the maize food chain. Its consumption by humans or animals can cause carcinogenic, mutagenic, hepatotoxic, estrogenic, immunotoxic and nephrotoxic effects, which is why international organisms have established maximum tolerable limits (MTL) of mycotoxins in foods to try to control exposure. Considering the possible effects of mycotoxins on consumers of Peruvian purple maize, the objective was to determine the presence of mycotoxins in this corn through LC-MS/MS. A total of 82 samples of purple maize were obtained from different Peruvian markets in two periods: December 2015 to March 2016 and March to April 2017. The mycotoxins analyzed were aflatoxins, fumonisins, zearelenone, ochratoxin A and the following trichothecenes: deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone X, deacetoxyscirpenol, 3-acetyl-DON, HT-2 and T-2. It was verified that the most prevalent mycotoxins were aflatoxins and fumonisins, with a prevalence of 64.6 and 63.4%, respectively, with co-occurrence of these two mycotoxins in 45.1% of the samples. Only one sample had a quantifiable concentration for zearalenone and any sample was contaminated by ochratoxin A and trichothecenes. Considering the MTLs implemented by the European Community (EC, 2006, 2007, 2013), 12% of the analyzed samples had concentrations higher than the MTL of 1000 μg kg-1 for fumonisins and one sample had MTL of 10 μg kg-1 higher for aflatoxins. However, considering the Brazilian legislation, 9.8% of the samples had levels above the MTL of 5000 μg kg-1 of fumonisins (BRASIL, 2011, 2013, 2017). This is the first research that evaluates the occurrence of mycotoxins analyzed by LC-MS/MS in Peruvian purple maize and identifies that maize may constitute a source of intoxication, posing a risk to public health. Controls are required in the production chain of this grain and the implementation of legislation with MTLs of mycotoxins.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESO milho roxo é uma variedade de milho que é produzido nos Andes peruanos. Sua cor característica é pela presença do pigmento antiocianina que apresenta propriedades antioxidantes, antimutagênicas, anticancerígenas e antidiabéticas. Estas característica s fizeram com que além de ser usado como corante, seja utilizado como matéria prima na elaboração de vários subprodutos. Atualmente o Peru exporta este insumo, porém, pela falta de regulamentação e por ser considerado um produto orgânico, não são exigidas análises de micotoxinas. Estas toxinas, podem ser produzidas por fungos filamentosos em qualquer etapa da cadeia alimentícia do milho. O seu consumo por humanos ou animais pode provocar efeitos carcinogênicos, mutagênicos, hepatotóxicos, estrogênicos, imunotóxicos e nefrotóxicos, motivo pelo qual órgãos internacionais determinaram limites máximos toleráveis (LMT) de micotoxinas em alimentos para tentar controlar a exposição. Considerando os possíveis efeitos que as micotoxinas podem ocasionar nos consumidores de milho roxo peruano, objetivou- se determinar a presença de micotoxinas neste milho através da identificação e quantificação por LC-MS/MS. 82 amostras de milho roxo foram obtidas em diferentes mercados do Peru em dois períodos: dezembro de 2015 a março de 2016 e março a abril de 2017. As micotoxinas analisadas foram as aflatoxinas, fumonisinas, zearelenona, ocratoxina A e os seguinte s tricotecenos: deoxinivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenona X, deacetoxiscirpenol, 3 acetil-DON, toxina HT-2 e toxina T-2. As micotoxinas com maior frequência foram aflatoxinas e fumonisinas, 64,6 e 63,4%, respectivamente, com co-ocorrência destas duas micotoxinas em 45,1% das amostras. Somente em uma amostra foi quantificado zearalenona (24,4 μg/kg), enquanto que a ausência de ocratoxina A e tricotecenos foi verificado. Considerando os LMT, implementados pela Comunidade Europeia (EC, 2006; 2007; 2013), 12% das amostras analisadas apresentaram concentrações superiores ao LMT de 1000 μg kg-1 para fumonisinas e uma amostra apresentou LMT de 10 μg kg-1 superior para aflatoxinas. No entanto, considerando a legislação brasileira, 9,8% das amostras apresentaram níveis superiores ao LMT de 5000 μg/kg de fumonisinas (BRASIL, 2011; 2013; 2017). Esta é a primeira pesquisa que avalia a ocorrência de micotoxinas no milho roxo peruano e identifica que esse milho pode constituir uma fonte de intoxicação, oferecendo risco à saúde pública. A cadeia produtiva deste grau precisa de controles para determinar os fatores que influenciam na apresentação de micotoxinas e implementar uma legislação com os LMT de micotoxinas neste produto.Universidade Federal de Santa MariaBrasilMedicina VeterináriaUFSMPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Medicina VeterináriaCentro de Ciências RuraisMallmann, Carlos Augustohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5193771213666058Buffon, Jaqueline Gardahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/6618114310934575Oliveira, Maurício Schneiderhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7488839969103001Adaniya, Zoila Naeko Coloma2019-09-10T20:22:27Z2019-09-10T20:22:27Z2017-09-29info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/18184porAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSM2019-09-11T06:01:53Zoai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/18184Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/ONGhttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestatendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.comopendoar:2019-09-11T06:01:53Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Micotoxinas no milho roxo peruano Mycotoxins in peruvian purple maize |
title |
Micotoxinas no milho roxo peruano |
spellingShingle |
Micotoxinas no milho roxo peruano Adaniya, Zoila Naeko Coloma Chicha morada Mazamorra morada Aflatoxinas Fumonisinas Zea mays Aflatoxins Fumonisins CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::MEDICINA VETERINARIA |
title_short |
Micotoxinas no milho roxo peruano |
title_full |
Micotoxinas no milho roxo peruano |
title_fullStr |
Micotoxinas no milho roxo peruano |
title_full_unstemmed |
Micotoxinas no milho roxo peruano |
title_sort |
Micotoxinas no milho roxo peruano |
author |
Adaniya, Zoila Naeko Coloma |
author_facet |
Adaniya, Zoila Naeko Coloma |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Mallmann, Carlos Augusto http://lattes.cnpq.br/5193771213666058 Buffon, Jaqueline Garda http://lattes.cnpq.br/6618114310934575 Oliveira, Maurício Schneider http://lattes.cnpq.br/7488839969103001 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Adaniya, Zoila Naeko Coloma |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Chicha morada Mazamorra morada Aflatoxinas Fumonisinas Zea mays Aflatoxins Fumonisins CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::MEDICINA VETERINARIA |
topic |
Chicha morada Mazamorra morada Aflatoxinas Fumonisinas Zea mays Aflatoxins Fumonisins CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::MEDICINA VETERINARIA |
description |
Purple corn is a variety of corn that is produced in the Peruvian Andes. Its characteristic color is by the presence of the pigment called antiocyanine that presents antioxidant, antimutagenic, anticancer and anti-diabetic properties. These characteristics have made that in addition to being used as a dye, is used as raw material in the elaboration of several by-products. Currently Peru exports this input, however, due to the lack of regulation and because it is considered an organic product, mycotoxin analyzes are not required. These toxins can be produced by filamentous fungi at any stage of the maize food chain. Its consumption by humans or animals can cause carcinogenic, mutagenic, hepatotoxic, estrogenic, immunotoxic and nephrotoxic effects, which is why international organisms have established maximum tolerable limits (MTL) of mycotoxins in foods to try to control exposure. Considering the possible effects of mycotoxins on consumers of Peruvian purple maize, the objective was to determine the presence of mycotoxins in this corn through LC-MS/MS. A total of 82 samples of purple maize were obtained from different Peruvian markets in two periods: December 2015 to March 2016 and March to April 2017. The mycotoxins analyzed were aflatoxins, fumonisins, zearelenone, ochratoxin A and the following trichothecenes: deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone X, deacetoxyscirpenol, 3-acetyl-DON, HT-2 and T-2. It was verified that the most prevalent mycotoxins were aflatoxins and fumonisins, with a prevalence of 64.6 and 63.4%, respectively, with co-occurrence of these two mycotoxins in 45.1% of the samples. Only one sample had a quantifiable concentration for zearalenone and any sample was contaminated by ochratoxin A and trichothecenes. Considering the MTLs implemented by the European Community (EC, 2006, 2007, 2013), 12% of the analyzed samples had concentrations higher than the MTL of 1000 μg kg-1 for fumonisins and one sample had MTL of 10 μg kg-1 higher for aflatoxins. However, considering the Brazilian legislation, 9.8% of the samples had levels above the MTL of 5000 μg kg-1 of fumonisins (BRASIL, 2011, 2013, 2017). This is the first research that evaluates the occurrence of mycotoxins analyzed by LC-MS/MS in Peruvian purple maize and identifies that maize may constitute a source of intoxication, posing a risk to public health. Controls are required in the production chain of this grain and the implementation of legislation with MTLs of mycotoxins. |
publishDate |
2017 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2017-09-29 2019-09-10T20:22:27Z 2019-09-10T20:22:27Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/18184 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/18184 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Medicina Veterinária UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária Centro de Ciências Rurais |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Medicina Veterinária UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária Centro de Ciências Rurais |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM instname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) instacron:UFSM |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
instacron_str |
UFSM |
institution |
UFSM |
reponame_str |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
collection |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
atendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.com |
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1805922119664533504 |