Decomposição e emissão de N2O em função da qualidade e quantidade de resíduos culturais na superfície do solo
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2019 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional Manancial UFSM |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/19403 |
Resumo: | The management of crop residues influence several processes in agriculture, such as soil protection, water dynamics, decomposition, nutrient fluxes and the overall balance of greenhouse gases, mainly N2O. These effects depend on the chemical composition and the initial quantity of the crop residues. Thus, the present work aimed to quantify the decomposition and release of nitrogen (N), phosphor (P) and sulfur (S) of crop residues with different qualities and quantities deposited in the soil surface and N2O emission. The experiment was carried out during 360 days in a Typic Paluedalf, at Department of soil - UFSM, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used in the experiment. The treatments were composed of vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop residues under quantities equivalent to 3, 6 and 9 Mg ha-1 of dry matter plus a treatment with no crop residues (control). Crop residues were allocated in litter box of 0.16 m2 to evaluate the decomposition. The mulch in 6 and 9 Mg ha-1 treatments were spliced, respectively, in two (low and top) and three layers (low, middle and top) of 3 Mg ha-1 each one. The moisture of the mulch, the DM, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur remaining were evaluated on nine sampling of the residues. The N2O and CO2 fluxes were periodically measured using closed static chambers. In the soil, soil moisture and temperature were continuously determined at depths of 2.5 and 7.5 cm. Soil NH4 + and NO3 - contents were evaluated at some dates N2O emission was performed. There was no interaction between the quality and quantity of C, N, P and S remaining in the residues of vetch and wheat. The quality of the residues had a significant effect on all the evaluation dates with a rapid release of the nutrients. The quantity of residues was not significant for the release of nutrients. The N2O emission was higher for the vetch residue when compared to wheat residue, depending on the initial chemical composition. In contrast, the emission factor was higher for wheat than vetch residues. The quantity had an effect only for the residues of higher quality up to 6 Mg ha- 1. There was no significant difference between the quantities for the wheat residue. The results of this study show that the quality of the residues affects the decomposition and release of nutrients and consequently the N2O emissions. In addition, the quantity of residues affects only the N2O emission when the residue presents high quality. |
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2020-01-22T15:14:26Z2020-01-22T15:14:26Z2019-07-19http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/19403The management of crop residues influence several processes in agriculture, such as soil protection, water dynamics, decomposition, nutrient fluxes and the overall balance of greenhouse gases, mainly N2O. These effects depend on the chemical composition and the initial quantity of the crop residues. Thus, the present work aimed to quantify the decomposition and release of nitrogen (N), phosphor (P) and sulfur (S) of crop residues with different qualities and quantities deposited in the soil surface and N2O emission. The experiment was carried out during 360 days in a Typic Paluedalf, at Department of soil - UFSM, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used in the experiment. The treatments were composed of vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop residues under quantities equivalent to 3, 6 and 9 Mg ha-1 of dry matter plus a treatment with no crop residues (control). Crop residues were allocated in litter box of 0.16 m2 to evaluate the decomposition. The mulch in 6 and 9 Mg ha-1 treatments were spliced, respectively, in two (low and top) and three layers (low, middle and top) of 3 Mg ha-1 each one. The moisture of the mulch, the DM, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur remaining were evaluated on nine sampling of the residues. The N2O and CO2 fluxes were periodically measured using closed static chambers. In the soil, soil moisture and temperature were continuously determined at depths of 2.5 and 7.5 cm. Soil NH4 + and NO3 - contents were evaluated at some dates N2O emission was performed. There was no interaction between the quality and quantity of C, N, P and S remaining in the residues of vetch and wheat. The quality of the residues had a significant effect on all the evaluation dates with a rapid release of the nutrients. The quantity of residues was not significant for the release of nutrients. The N2O emission was higher for the vetch residue when compared to wheat residue, depending on the initial chemical composition. In contrast, the emission factor was higher for wheat than vetch residues. The quantity had an effect only for the residues of higher quality up to 6 Mg ha- 1. There was no significant difference between the quantities for the wheat residue. The results of this study show that the quality of the residues affects the decomposition and release of nutrients and consequently the N2O emissions. In addition, the quantity of residues affects only the N2O emission when the residue presents high quality.O manejo dos resíduos culturais influencia vários processos na agricultura, como por exemplo, a proteção do solo, a dinâmica da água, a decomposição, o destino dos nutrientes e o balanço global dos gases de efeito estufa, principalmente o N2O. Estes efeitos dependem da composição química e da quantidade inicial dos resíduos culturais. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar a decomposição e liberação de N, P e S de resíduos culturais com diferentes qualidades e quantidades depositados na superfície do solo e a emissão de N2O. Para atingir esses objetivos foi conduzido um experimento durante 360 dias na área experimental do Departamento de Solos da UFSM em solo Argissolo Vermelho distrófico arênico. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de 3, 6 e 9 Mg ha-1 de matéria seca (MS) de resíduos culturais de ervilhaca e trigo e um tratamento controle somente com o solo descoberto. Para avaliar a decomposição os resíduos foram acondicionados em quadros de madeira de 0,16 m2. Os resíduos dos tratamentos com 6 e 9 Mg ha-1 de MS foram divididos em duas (inferior e superior) e três (inferior, mediana e superior) camadas, respectivamente, com 3 Mg ha-1 em cada camada. Em 9 coletas dos resíduos foram avaliadas a umidade do mulch e a MS, carbono, nitrogênio, fósforo e enxofre remanescentes. Os fluxos de N2O e CO2 foram medidos através do método da câmara estática fechada. No solo foi determinada continuamente a umidade e a temperatura nas profundidades de 2,5 e 7,5 cm e os teores de NH4 + e NO3 - em algumas datas que foram realizadas a avaliação da emissão de N2O. Não houve interação entre a qualidade e quantidade de C, N, P e S remanescentes nos resíduos de ervilhaca e trigo. A qualidade dos resíduos apresentou efeito significativo em todas as datas de avaliação, com rápida liberação dos nutrientes. A quantidade de resíduos não foi significativa para a liberação de nutrientes. A qualidade dos resíduos afetou as emissões de N2O, com maior emissão para o resíduo de ervilhaca quando comparado ao resíduo de trigo. Contudo a quantidade apresenta efeito apenas para os resíduos de maior qualidade até 6 Mg ha-1. Para o resíduo de trigo, não houve diferença significativa entre as quantidades. Os resultados deste estudo evidenciam que a qualidade dos resíduos afeta a decomposição e liberação de nutrientes e consequentemente as emissões de N2O e que a quantidade de resíduos afeta apenas a emissão de N2O quando o resíduo apresenta alta qualidade.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESporUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaCentro de Ciências RuraisPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do SoloUFSMBrasilAgronomiaAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessMulchSistema de plantio diretoGases de efeito estufaComposição químicaNo-tillGreenhouse gasesChemical compositionCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIADecomposição e emissão de N2O em função da qualidade e quantidade de resíduos culturais na superfície do soloDecomposition and N2O emissions as affected by the quality and quantity of crop residues on the soil surfaceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisGiacomini, Sandro Joséhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1112466940331009Pimentel, Laisa Gouveiahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/8219051603738816Weiler, Douglas Adamshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2355481072308613Ferreira, Paulo Ademar Avelarhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1871733582967061Pilecco, Getúlio Eliashttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1391131295026423http://lattes.cnpq.br/0968932074931599Schmatz, Raquel500100000009600419b5a2f-20df-408a-a156-d652293f4a736d41a377-2e02-45b7-b72d-011c53a12363b91b2735-79f9-4374-8636-1ab62dd9da1f6ba36ed2-a6a6-4681-900d-84d23f85917eb44cd6d3-fe1c-4435-8adf-0d1a5d3f13d43935f491-1e57-41f9-b73b-1202833b0f52reponame:Repositório Institucional Manancial UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSMCC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; 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dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Decomposição e emissão de N2O em função da qualidade e quantidade de resíduos culturais na superfície do solo |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Decomposition and N2O emissions as affected by the quality and quantity of crop residues on the soil surface |
title |
Decomposição e emissão de N2O em função da qualidade e quantidade de resíduos culturais na superfície do solo |
spellingShingle |
Decomposição e emissão de N2O em função da qualidade e quantidade de resíduos culturais na superfície do solo Schmatz, Raquel Mulch Sistema de plantio direto Gases de efeito estufa Composição química No-till Greenhouse gases Chemical composition CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA |
title_short |
Decomposição e emissão de N2O em função da qualidade e quantidade de resíduos culturais na superfície do solo |
title_full |
Decomposição e emissão de N2O em função da qualidade e quantidade de resíduos culturais na superfície do solo |
title_fullStr |
Decomposição e emissão de N2O em função da qualidade e quantidade de resíduos culturais na superfície do solo |
title_full_unstemmed |
Decomposição e emissão de N2O em função da qualidade e quantidade de resíduos culturais na superfície do solo |
title_sort |
Decomposição e emissão de N2O em função da qualidade e quantidade de resíduos culturais na superfície do solo |
author |
Schmatz, Raquel |
author_facet |
Schmatz, Raquel |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Giacomini, Sandro José |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/1112466940331009 |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Pimentel, Laisa Gouveia |
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/8219051603738816 |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Weiler, Douglas Adams |
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2355481072308613 |
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv |
Ferreira, Paulo Ademar Avelar |
dc.contributor.referee3Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/1871733582967061 |
dc.contributor.referee4.fl_str_mv |
Pilecco, Getúlio Elias |
dc.contributor.referee4Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/1391131295026423 |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0968932074931599 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Schmatz, Raquel |
contributor_str_mv |
Giacomini, Sandro José Pimentel, Laisa Gouveia Weiler, Douglas Adams Ferreira, Paulo Ademar Avelar Pilecco, Getúlio Elias |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Mulch Sistema de plantio direto Gases de efeito estufa Composição química |
topic |
Mulch Sistema de plantio direto Gases de efeito estufa Composição química No-till Greenhouse gases Chemical composition CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
No-till Greenhouse gases Chemical composition |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA |
description |
The management of crop residues influence several processes in agriculture, such as soil protection, water dynamics, decomposition, nutrient fluxes and the overall balance of greenhouse gases, mainly N2O. These effects depend on the chemical composition and the initial quantity of the crop residues. Thus, the present work aimed to quantify the decomposition and release of nitrogen (N), phosphor (P) and sulfur (S) of crop residues with different qualities and quantities deposited in the soil surface and N2O emission. The experiment was carried out during 360 days in a Typic Paluedalf, at Department of soil - UFSM, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used in the experiment. The treatments were composed of vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop residues under quantities equivalent to 3, 6 and 9 Mg ha-1 of dry matter plus a treatment with no crop residues (control). Crop residues were allocated in litter box of 0.16 m2 to evaluate the decomposition. The mulch in 6 and 9 Mg ha-1 treatments were spliced, respectively, in two (low and top) and three layers (low, middle and top) of 3 Mg ha-1 each one. The moisture of the mulch, the DM, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur remaining were evaluated on nine sampling of the residues. The N2O and CO2 fluxes were periodically measured using closed static chambers. In the soil, soil moisture and temperature were continuously determined at depths of 2.5 and 7.5 cm. Soil NH4 + and NO3 - contents were evaluated at some dates N2O emission was performed. There was no interaction between the quality and quantity of C, N, P and S remaining in the residues of vetch and wheat. The quality of the residues had a significant effect on all the evaluation dates with a rapid release of the nutrients. The quantity of residues was not significant for the release of nutrients. The N2O emission was higher for the vetch residue when compared to wheat residue, depending on the initial chemical composition. In contrast, the emission factor was higher for wheat than vetch residues. The quantity had an effect only for the residues of higher quality up to 6 Mg ha- 1. There was no significant difference between the quantities for the wheat residue. The results of this study show that the quality of the residues affects the decomposition and release of nutrients and consequently the N2O emissions. In addition, the quantity of residues affects only the N2O emission when the residue presents high quality. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2019-07-19 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2020-01-22T15:14:26Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2020-01-22T15:14:26Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
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doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/19403 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/19403 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
500100000009 |
dc.relation.confidence.fl_str_mv |
600 |
dc.relation.authority.fl_str_mv |
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dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Ciências Rurais |
dc.publisher.program.fl_str_mv |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo |
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv |
UFSM |
dc.publisher.country.fl_str_mv |
Brasil |
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv |
Agronomia |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Ciências Rurais |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
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