O fenômeno El Niño Oscilação Sul e a erosividade das chuvas em Santa Maria, RS
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2009 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional Manancial UFSM |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7510 |
Resumo: | A large-scale phenomenon that greatly affects the weather and the climate of different locations of the Globe and that has been widely studied during the last three decades is the El Niño Southern Oscilation (ENSO). ENSO leads to changes in the atmospheric circulation and affects climate variables, mainly rainfall, in all regions of Brazil. During El Niño years (the positive phase of ENSO), rainfall is often above normal in Southern Brazil whereas during La Niña years (the negative phase of ENSO), rainfall is often below normal. Some of the rainfall properties are affected by ENSO like frequency, intensity and amount. These properties are important to define if rainfall events are erosive. There are some methods of determining rainfall erosivity, among them the best and most used in Rio Grande do Sul State is the EI30 erosivity index. The objective of this dissertation was to determine and associate the EI30 erosivity index of rainfalls with the ENSO phenomenon in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Daily precipitation data recorded from 01 July 1978 to 30 July 2008 collected in a standard Climatological Station in Santa Maria, RS, were used. Individual erosive rainfall events were identified in the records, grouped into El Niño, La Niña and Neutral years, and had their EI30 calculated. Rainfalls were also grouped into three patterns: Advanced, Intermediate and Delayed. Pearson correlation and regression analyses between the EI30 erosivity index and the Niño Oceanic Index (NOI) were performed and the regression was tested with the t test in order to quantify the relationship between the two variables, aiming a possible predictability of the erosion potential of rainfall events from Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the Pacific Ocean. Rainfall erosion potential in Santa Maria is affected by ENSO, so that a greater number of rainfall events have higher erosion potential during El Niño and neutral years. The variability of the rainfall erosion potential is greater during Neutral years than during years with SST anomalies. The frequency distribution of the EI30 erosivity index is skewed to the right in El Niño, La Niña and Neutral years. Rainfalls pattern is changed in years with SST anomalies, so that there is a slight increase in Advanced rainfalls during El Niño years and a slight decrease in Delayed rainfalls during La Niña years, whereas there is a decrease in rainfall events with Intermediate pattern during El Niño and La Niña years compared to Neutral years. The predictive capability of the erosion potential of rainfall events in Santa Maria from NOI index is weak or not possible. |
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2009-04-272009-04-272009-02-19PAULA, Gizelli Moiano de. THE EL NIÑO SOUTHERN OSCILATION AND THE RAINFALL EROSIVITY IN SANTA MARIA, RS. 2009. 55 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2009.http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7510A large-scale phenomenon that greatly affects the weather and the climate of different locations of the Globe and that has been widely studied during the last three decades is the El Niño Southern Oscilation (ENSO). ENSO leads to changes in the atmospheric circulation and affects climate variables, mainly rainfall, in all regions of Brazil. During El Niño years (the positive phase of ENSO), rainfall is often above normal in Southern Brazil whereas during La Niña years (the negative phase of ENSO), rainfall is often below normal. Some of the rainfall properties are affected by ENSO like frequency, intensity and amount. These properties are important to define if rainfall events are erosive. There are some methods of determining rainfall erosivity, among them the best and most used in Rio Grande do Sul State is the EI30 erosivity index. The objective of this dissertation was to determine and associate the EI30 erosivity index of rainfalls with the ENSO phenomenon in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Daily precipitation data recorded from 01 July 1978 to 30 July 2008 collected in a standard Climatological Station in Santa Maria, RS, were used. Individual erosive rainfall events were identified in the records, grouped into El Niño, La Niña and Neutral years, and had their EI30 calculated. Rainfalls were also grouped into three patterns: Advanced, Intermediate and Delayed. Pearson correlation and regression analyses between the EI30 erosivity index and the Niño Oceanic Index (NOI) were performed and the regression was tested with the t test in order to quantify the relationship between the two variables, aiming a possible predictability of the erosion potential of rainfall events from Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the Pacific Ocean. Rainfall erosion potential in Santa Maria is affected by ENSO, so that a greater number of rainfall events have higher erosion potential during El Niño and neutral years. The variability of the rainfall erosion potential is greater during Neutral years than during years with SST anomalies. The frequency distribution of the EI30 erosivity index is skewed to the right in El Niño, La Niña and Neutral years. Rainfalls pattern is changed in years with SST anomalies, so that there is a slight increase in Advanced rainfalls during El Niño years and a slight decrease in Delayed rainfalls during La Niña years, whereas there is a decrease in rainfall events with Intermediate pattern during El Niño and La Niña years compared to Neutral years. The predictive capability of the erosion potential of rainfall events in Santa Maria from NOI index is weak or not possible.Um dos fenômenos de grande escala que mais afetam o tempo e o clima de diferentes locais na superfície terrestre e que tem sido bastante estudado nas últimas três décadas é o fenômeno El Niño Oscilação Sul (ENOS). O ENOS provoca alterações na circulação atmosférica que afetam os elementos meteorológicos, principalmente a precipitação pluviométrica, em todas as regiões do Brasil. Em anos de El Niño, fase positiva do fenômeno, a precipitação pluviométrica é freqüentemente acima da normal na Região Sul do Brasil e em anos de La Niña, fase negativa do fenômeno, a precipitação pluviométrica é freqüentemente abaixo da normal. Algumas características das precipitações pluviométricas são afetadas pelo ENOS como a freqüência, a intensidade e a quantidade. Essas características são importantes para se definir se as chuvas são erosivas. Existem alguns métodos de determinação da erosividade das chuvas, através de índices de erosividade, entre os quais, o melhor e mais usado no Rio Grande do Sul (RS) é o Índice de Erosividade EI30. O objetivo desta dissertação foi determinar e associar o Índice de Erosividade EI30 das chuvas com o fenômeno ENOS para Santa Maria, RS. Usaram-se os dados de precipitação diária retirados de pluviogramas a partir de 01 de julho de 1978 a 30 de junho de 2008 coletados na Estação Climatológica Principal de Santa Maria, RS. As chuvas individuais e erosivas foram identificadas nos pluviogramas, classificadas em anos de El Nino, La Niña e Neutros e calculado o seu índice EI30. Também foram classificadas as chuvas em padrões de chuvas Avançado, Intermediário e Atrasado. Foi realizada a análise de correlação de Pearson e análise de regressão entre o Índice de Erosividade EI30 e o Índice Oceânico do Niño (ION) e a significância da regressão foi testada com o teste t com o objetivo de quantificar a associação entre as duas variáveis, com vistas à possível previsibilidade do potencial erosivo das chuvas a partir de anomalias de Temperatura da Superfície do Mar (TSM) no Oceano Pacífico. O potencial erosivo das chuvas em Santa Maria é afetado pelo fenômeno ENOS, de modo que um maior número de chuvas tem maior potencial erosivo em anos de El Niño e em anos Neutros. A variabilidade do potencial erosivo das chuvas em Santa Maria é maior nos anos Neutros do que nos anos de anomalia da TSM. A distribuição de freqüência do índice de erosividade EI30 de chuvas individuais é assimétrica positiva em anos de El Niño, La Niña e Neutros. O padrão das chuvas é alterado em anos de anomalia da TSM no sentido de que nos anos El Niño há um leve acréscimo nas chuvas de padrão avançado e em anos de La Niña há um leve acréscimo nas chuvas de padrão atrasado, e no padrão intermediário, decrescem o número de chuvas em anos de El Niño e La Niña comparado com anos Neutros. A capacidade preditiva do potencial erosivo das chuvas em Santa Maria pelo Índice ION é fraca ou inexistente.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superiorapplication/pdfporUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia AgrícolaUFSMBREngenharia AgrícolaÍndice de erosividadeENOSPotencial erosivoPadrões de chuvaErosivity indexENSOErosion potentialRainfall patternCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLAO fenômeno El Niño Oscilação Sul e a erosividade das chuvas em Santa Maria, RSThe El Niño Southern Oscilation and the rainfall erosivity in Santa Maria, RSinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisStreck, Nereu Augustohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/8121082379157248Heldwein, Arno Bernardohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/6671155842231311Ferraz, Simone Erotildes Teleginskihttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5545006407615789http://lattes.cnpq.br/3751152382955008Paula, Gizelli Moiano de5003000000084005005005003003b01ed40-f2a9-4cc8-9109-59e6f482b05de9d5a697-62dd-492e-b994-49cbb812d4359a4eada9-2d44-42ce-8d75-16ec472d6005641f5007-74f2-4c8e-b897-1e8353d2ba47info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional Manancial UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSMORIGINALPAULA, GIZELLI MOIANO.pdfapplication/pdf1064186http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/7510/1/PAULA%2c%20GIZELLI%20MOIANO.pdfb43651522e85b3feee108657a5f355ebMD51TEXTPAULA, GIZELLI MOIANO.pdf.txtPAULA, GIZELLI MOIANO.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain93893http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/7510/2/PAULA%2c%20GIZELLI%20MOIANO.pdf.txt83f1708fbe7419b79965a0d628d8197aMD52THUMBNAILPAULA, GIZELLI MOIANO.pdf.jpgPAULA, GIZELLI MOIANO.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg4632http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/7510/3/PAULA%2c%20GIZELLI%20MOIANO.pdf.jpgda40a3ecea6fca4254a5bcce7e07ec96MD531/75102022-01-04 15:20:35.836oai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/7510Repositório Institucionalhttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/PUBhttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestouvidoria@ufsm.bropendoar:39132022-01-04T18:20:35Repositório Institucional Manancial UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
O fenômeno El Niño Oscilação Sul e a erosividade das chuvas em Santa Maria, RS |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
The El Niño Southern Oscilation and the rainfall erosivity in Santa Maria, RS |
title |
O fenômeno El Niño Oscilação Sul e a erosividade das chuvas em Santa Maria, RS |
spellingShingle |
O fenômeno El Niño Oscilação Sul e a erosividade das chuvas em Santa Maria, RS Paula, Gizelli Moiano de Índice de erosividade ENOS Potencial erosivo Padrões de chuva Erosivity index ENSO Erosion potential Rainfall pattern CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA |
title_short |
O fenômeno El Niño Oscilação Sul e a erosividade das chuvas em Santa Maria, RS |
title_full |
O fenômeno El Niño Oscilação Sul e a erosividade das chuvas em Santa Maria, RS |
title_fullStr |
O fenômeno El Niño Oscilação Sul e a erosividade das chuvas em Santa Maria, RS |
title_full_unstemmed |
O fenômeno El Niño Oscilação Sul e a erosividade das chuvas em Santa Maria, RS |
title_sort |
O fenômeno El Niño Oscilação Sul e a erosividade das chuvas em Santa Maria, RS |
author |
Paula, Gizelli Moiano de |
author_facet |
Paula, Gizelli Moiano de |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Streck, Nereu Augusto |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/8121082379157248 |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Heldwein, Arno Bernardo |
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/6671155842231311 |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Ferraz, Simone Erotildes Teleginski |
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/5545006407615789 |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/3751152382955008 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Paula, Gizelli Moiano de |
contributor_str_mv |
Streck, Nereu Augusto Heldwein, Arno Bernardo Ferraz, Simone Erotildes Teleginski |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Índice de erosividade ENOS Potencial erosivo Padrões de chuva |
topic |
Índice de erosividade ENOS Potencial erosivo Padrões de chuva Erosivity index ENSO Erosion potential Rainfall pattern CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Erosivity index ENSO Erosion potential Rainfall pattern |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA |
description |
A large-scale phenomenon that greatly affects the weather and the climate of different locations of the Globe and that has been widely studied during the last three decades is the El Niño Southern Oscilation (ENSO). ENSO leads to changes in the atmospheric circulation and affects climate variables, mainly rainfall, in all regions of Brazil. During El Niño years (the positive phase of ENSO), rainfall is often above normal in Southern Brazil whereas during La Niña years (the negative phase of ENSO), rainfall is often below normal. Some of the rainfall properties are affected by ENSO like frequency, intensity and amount. These properties are important to define if rainfall events are erosive. There are some methods of determining rainfall erosivity, among them the best and most used in Rio Grande do Sul State is the EI30 erosivity index. The objective of this dissertation was to determine and associate the EI30 erosivity index of rainfalls with the ENSO phenomenon in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Daily precipitation data recorded from 01 July 1978 to 30 July 2008 collected in a standard Climatological Station in Santa Maria, RS, were used. Individual erosive rainfall events were identified in the records, grouped into El Niño, La Niña and Neutral years, and had their EI30 calculated. Rainfalls were also grouped into three patterns: Advanced, Intermediate and Delayed. Pearson correlation and regression analyses between the EI30 erosivity index and the Niño Oceanic Index (NOI) were performed and the regression was tested with the t test in order to quantify the relationship between the two variables, aiming a possible predictability of the erosion potential of rainfall events from Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the Pacific Ocean. Rainfall erosion potential in Santa Maria is affected by ENSO, so that a greater number of rainfall events have higher erosion potential during El Niño and neutral years. The variability of the rainfall erosion potential is greater during Neutral years than during years with SST anomalies. The frequency distribution of the EI30 erosivity index is skewed to the right in El Niño, La Niña and Neutral years. Rainfalls pattern is changed in years with SST anomalies, so that there is a slight increase in Advanced rainfalls during El Niño years and a slight decrease in Delayed rainfalls during La Niña years, whereas there is a decrease in rainfall events with Intermediate pattern during El Niño and La Niña years compared to Neutral years. The predictive capability of the erosion potential of rainfall events in Santa Maria from NOI index is weak or not possible. |
publishDate |
2009 |
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2009-04-27 |
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2009-04-27 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2009-02-19 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
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PAULA, Gizelli Moiano de. THE EL NIÑO SOUTHERN OSCILATION AND THE RAINFALL EROSIVITY IN SANTA MARIA, RS. 2009. 55 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2009. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7510 |
identifier_str_mv |
PAULA, Gizelli Moiano de. THE EL NIÑO SOUTHERN OSCILATION AND THE RAINFALL EROSIVITY IN SANTA MARIA, RS. 2009. 55 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2009. |
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http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7510 |
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Universidade Federal de Santa Maria |
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Engenharia Agrícola |
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Universidade Federal de Santa Maria |
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