Ensaio metodológico de avaliação de impacto antrópico na bacia hidrográfica da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - RS

• Autor(a) principal: D'avila, Rafael Ferraz
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional Manancial UFSM
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7719
• topic: Impacto antrópico; Monitoramento quali-quantitativo; Balanço de carga; Anthropogenic impact; Quali-quantitative monitoring; Load balance; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA CIVIL

Nowadays, the water resource degradation may be verified at any Brazilian cities just by observing its stream flow. Accordingly, the conditions of the stream flows in the Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM (southern Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul State) follow the degradation. Therefore, the present research intends to analyze a methodology for evaluation of the environment impacts in order to collaborate to water resources management, according to smaller watersheds. This analysis allows that pollution sources identify their environment problems and control the pollution to adjust its conditions to the Federal and Spatial Legislation. Thus, the purposed methodology evaluates the three major parameters: i) surface water resources; ii) groundwater resources; iii) liquid effluents. The surface water resource is evaluated by the quali quantitative monitoring of several parameters of water quality. This control is carried out in two monitoring stations located at the UFSM. These stations are: Gráfica gutter where the upstream subwatershed loads are monitored and Pains gutter where the downstream subwatershed loads are monitored. This division allows finding the pollutant load generated by the respective subwatershed separately (Load Balance), as well as the effluent liquid volume generated by the subwatersheds. The purposed methodology for the evaluation of liquid effluents supplied by UFSM considers the identification of the main point pollution sources and also the quali quantitative monitoring of these effluents. To evaluate the pollution vulnerability of the groundwater it was used the G.O.D method. In this method, some weights are defined in order to represent the geological characteristics and the groundwater level. The qualitative groundwater pollutant risk was determined by crossing the vulnerability data and the liquid effluent data. Hence, by means of inquiry applications, the sanitary - environment characterization of the UFSM external area was achieved, according to the watershed in analysis. The analysis of the outcomes demonstrates that if the pollutant loads were considered, so the water quality of the downstream watershed become highly dependent of the pollutant load deposited in the upstream watershed. Accordingly, it was concluded that the methodology of Load Balance allows verifying the influence of the anthropogenic impacts connected to the degradation of surface water quality. Besides, the methodology presents the pollution supplied to the different basin areas (downstream and upstream), which becomes an appropriate system to support the water quality control in smaller watersheds. The identification, specialization and evaluation of the point pollution sources, together with the evaluation of the pollution vulnerability of the groundwater, permit to hierarch the places extremely affected by the pollution. This fact demonstrates that a simple combination of those methods is a useful tool for the decision makers. The data from water quality of the some well sources in UFSM call attention to discordance between the limits established by the actual legislation and the achieved outcomes, concerning some water quality parameters. To conclude, it is possible to consider that the UFSM groundwater must be suffering the interference of the mankind actions related to the pollutant risk in the watershed.