Comportamento hidrológico de pequenas bacias hidrográficas com três espécies de Eucalyptus no bioma Pampa
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2019 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/22158 |
Resumo: | The establishment of Eucalyptus plantation in areas previously used for agriculture and livestock in the Pampa biome has generated questions about possible negative environmental impacts, mainly related to water consumption by that culture. However, mostly of these questions need scientific basis. This study investigated the influence of the land cover on the hydrological behavior of small paired watersheds: two watersheds with Eucalyptus plantation, one with Eucalyptus saligna (plants between 7.5 and 11.5 years of age; EsW) and another with E. benthamii (plants between 0.5 and 4.5 years of age; EbW), and a third watershed under degraded grassland (GW), used for livestock production. The components of the hydrological cycle of three watersheds located in São Gabriel-RS were monitored for four years from October 2014 to September 2018. The variables monitored were: rainfall (Pt), streamflow (Q), water storage variations in the soil profile, Throughfall, Stemflow, litter interception, total height and diameter at 1.30 meters high of the trees. Also, were estimated, actual evapotranspiration, canopy interception (INT), leaf area index, water deficit, water surplus and withdrawal and put backr into the soil profile. It was also analyzed the diferences in the partitioning of the rainfall in three young eucalyptus species (E. saligna, E. benthamii and E. dunni, 2 at 4.5 years). Besides that, the manejement of shallow cutting of 100% and 30% in the eucalyptus watersheds. There were three years with precipitation far above the historical average in the region during the study. It was observed a lower Q of the EsW in relation to GW of 44.9, 44.5, 55.7 and 58.2%, from hydrological year 1 to 4, respectively, and a reduction in BEb in relation to GW of 16.4, 36.2, 66.5 and 78.4% of the year hydrological 1 to 4, respectively. The main water outlet in the three BHs occurred by the ETa process. The largest water deficits, during the four hydrological years of the study, occurred in BEs and BEb and the highest water surplus were estimated for BC. The specific flow rate (L s-1 km-2), before the cut of 100% of the area with eucalyptus in the EbW represented 5.4% of Pt and after the cut represent 23.7% of Pt. The highest averages of INT were verified in the species E. saligna and E. dunnii, when the plants had 3 to 4 years of age. The lower averages of INT, during all study period occurred in the E. benthamii species. In periods with low rainfall the BEs provided more water downstream than the BC in 65% of the time. The mosaic management of ages, by means of cutting in 30% of the eucalyptus area in the BEs, was beneficial for the maintenance of the minimum streamflow. |
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Comportamento hidrológico de pequenas bacias hidrográficas com três espécies de Eucalyptus no bioma PampaHydrological behavior of small watersheds with three species of Eucalyptus in Pampa biomePrecipitação efetivaInterceptação vegetalEvapotranspiraçãoDisponibilidade hídricaHidrologia florestalEffective rainfallInterceptionActual evapotranspirationHydric availabilityForest hydrologyCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLOThe establishment of Eucalyptus plantation in areas previously used for agriculture and livestock in the Pampa biome has generated questions about possible negative environmental impacts, mainly related to water consumption by that culture. However, mostly of these questions need scientific basis. This study investigated the influence of the land cover on the hydrological behavior of small paired watersheds: two watersheds with Eucalyptus plantation, one with Eucalyptus saligna (plants between 7.5 and 11.5 years of age; EsW) and another with E. benthamii (plants between 0.5 and 4.5 years of age; EbW), and a third watershed under degraded grassland (GW), used for livestock production. The components of the hydrological cycle of three watersheds located in São Gabriel-RS were monitored for four years from October 2014 to September 2018. The variables monitored were: rainfall (Pt), streamflow (Q), water storage variations in the soil profile, Throughfall, Stemflow, litter interception, total height and diameter at 1.30 meters high of the trees. Also, were estimated, actual evapotranspiration, canopy interception (INT), leaf area index, water deficit, water surplus and withdrawal and put backr into the soil profile. It was also analyzed the diferences in the partitioning of the rainfall in three young eucalyptus species (E. saligna, E. benthamii and E. dunni, 2 at 4.5 years). Besides that, the manejement of shallow cutting of 100% and 30% in the eucalyptus watersheds. There were three years with precipitation far above the historical average in the region during the study. It was observed a lower Q of the EsW in relation to GW of 44.9, 44.5, 55.7 and 58.2%, from hydrological year 1 to 4, respectively, and a reduction in BEb in relation to GW of 16.4, 36.2, 66.5 and 78.4% of the year hydrological 1 to 4, respectively. The main water outlet in the three BHs occurred by the ETa process. The largest water deficits, during the four hydrological years of the study, occurred in BEs and BEb and the highest water surplus were estimated for BC. The specific flow rate (L s-1 km-2), before the cut of 100% of the area with eucalyptus in the EbW represented 5.4% of Pt and after the cut represent 23.7% of Pt. The highest averages of INT were verified in the species E. saligna and E. dunnii, when the plants had 3 to 4 years of age. The lower averages of INT, during all study period occurred in the E. benthamii species. In periods with low rainfall the BEs provided more water downstream than the BC in 65% of the time. The mosaic management of ages, by means of cutting in 30% of the eucalyptus area in the BEs, was beneficial for the maintenance of the minimum streamflow.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - FAPERGSA introdução de plantações de eucalipto em áreas antes utilizadas para a agricultura e pecuária no bioma Pampa, tem gerado frequentes questionamentos, devido aos possíveis impactos ambientais negativos, principalmente relacionados com o consumo de água por essa cultura. Entretanto, estes questionamentos são, na maioria das vezes, carentes de fundamentação científica. Este estudo buscou compreender a influência da cobertura vegetal do solo sobre o comportamento hidrológico de pequenas bacias hidrográficas pareadas (BHs). Foram monitoradas três BHs, sendo duas com plantações de eucalipto, uma com Eucaliptus saligna (plantas entre 7,5 a 11,5 anos de idade; BEs) e outra com E. benthamii, (plantas entre 0,5 a 4,5 anos de idade; BEb) e uma terceira BH sob campo natural antropizado degradado (BC) usada para produção de pecuária. Os componentes do ciclo hidrológico de três BHs foram monitorados durante quatro anos no município de São Gabriel, RS, de outubro de 2014 a setembro de 2018. As variáveis monitorados foram, precipitação total (Pt), vazão (Q), variação do armazenamento de água no perfil do solo, precipitação interna, escoamento pelo tronco, interceptação pela serapilheira, altura total e diâmetro a 1,3 metros de altura das árvores.Também foram estimados a evaporação do solo e transpiração vegetal (ETa), evaporação da água interceptada pela vegetação (INT), índice de área foliar, déficit hidrico, excedente hídrico, retirada e reposição de água no perfil do solo disponível às plantas. Também foi analisada as diferenças na partição da precipitação em três espécies de Eucalyptus jovens (E. saligna, E. benthamii e E. dunni; 2 aos 4,5 anos). Além disso, foi analisado o manejo de corte de 100% e 30% nas bacias de eucalipto. Uma seção de monitoramento fluviométrico foi instalada no exutório de cada BHs. Houve três anos com precipitações muito acima da média histórica na região durante o estudo. Foi observado uma menor Q anual na BEs em relação à BC de 44,9, 44,5, 55,7 e 58,2%, do ano hidrológico 1 ao 4, respectivamente e uma redução na Q na BEb em relação a BC de 16,4, 36,2, 66,5 e 78,4% do ano hidrológico 1 ao 4, respectivamente. A principal saída de água nas três BHs ocorreu pelo processo de ETa. Os maiores déficits hídricos, durante os quatro anos hidrológicos do estudo, ocorreram na BEs e BEb e os maiores excedentes hídricos foram estimados para a BC. A Q específica (L s-1 km-2), antes do corte de 100% da área com eucalipto na BEb, representava 5,4% da Pt, e após o corte passou a representar 23,7% da Pt. Em períodos com baixas precipitações a BEs disponibilizou mais água a jusante que a BC em 65% do tempo. O manejo em mosaico de idades, por meio do corte raso em 30% da área de eucalipto na BEs foi benéfico para a manutenção das vazões mínimas.Universidade Federal de Santa MariaBrasilAgronomiaUFSMPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do SoloCentro de Ciências RuraisReichert, José Miguelhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0910765178697312Copetti, André Carlos CruzKaiser, Douglas RodrigoBaumhardt , EdnerSilva, Vanderlei Rodrigues daFerreto, Décio Oscar Cardoso2021-09-06T11:26:05Z2021-09-06T11:26:05Z2019-02-27info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisapplication/pdfhttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/22158porAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSM2021-09-07T06:02:48Zoai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/22158Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/ONGhttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestatendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.comopendoar:2021-09-07T06:02:48Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Comportamento hidrológico de pequenas bacias hidrográficas com três espécies de Eucalyptus no bioma Pampa Hydrological behavior of small watersheds with three species of Eucalyptus in Pampa biome |
title |
Comportamento hidrológico de pequenas bacias hidrográficas com três espécies de Eucalyptus no bioma Pampa |
spellingShingle |
Comportamento hidrológico de pequenas bacias hidrográficas com três espécies de Eucalyptus no bioma Pampa Ferreto, Décio Oscar Cardoso Precipitação efetiva Interceptação vegetal Evapotranspiração Disponibilidade hídrica Hidrologia florestal Effective rainfall Interception Actual evapotranspiration Hydric availability Forest hydrology CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO |
title_short |
Comportamento hidrológico de pequenas bacias hidrográficas com três espécies de Eucalyptus no bioma Pampa |
title_full |
Comportamento hidrológico de pequenas bacias hidrográficas com três espécies de Eucalyptus no bioma Pampa |
title_fullStr |
Comportamento hidrológico de pequenas bacias hidrográficas com três espécies de Eucalyptus no bioma Pampa |
title_full_unstemmed |
Comportamento hidrológico de pequenas bacias hidrográficas com três espécies de Eucalyptus no bioma Pampa |
title_sort |
Comportamento hidrológico de pequenas bacias hidrográficas com três espécies de Eucalyptus no bioma Pampa |
author |
Ferreto, Décio Oscar Cardoso |
author_facet |
Ferreto, Décio Oscar Cardoso |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Reichert, José Miguel http://lattes.cnpq.br/0910765178697312 Copetti, André Carlos Cruz Kaiser, Douglas Rodrigo Baumhardt , Edner Silva, Vanderlei Rodrigues da |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Ferreto, Décio Oscar Cardoso |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Precipitação efetiva Interceptação vegetal Evapotranspiração Disponibilidade hídrica Hidrologia florestal Effective rainfall Interception Actual evapotranspiration Hydric availability Forest hydrology CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO |
topic |
Precipitação efetiva Interceptação vegetal Evapotranspiração Disponibilidade hídrica Hidrologia florestal Effective rainfall Interception Actual evapotranspiration Hydric availability Forest hydrology CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO |
description |
The establishment of Eucalyptus plantation in areas previously used for agriculture and livestock in the Pampa biome has generated questions about possible negative environmental impacts, mainly related to water consumption by that culture. However, mostly of these questions need scientific basis. This study investigated the influence of the land cover on the hydrological behavior of small paired watersheds: two watersheds with Eucalyptus plantation, one with Eucalyptus saligna (plants between 7.5 and 11.5 years of age; EsW) and another with E. benthamii (plants between 0.5 and 4.5 years of age; EbW), and a third watershed under degraded grassland (GW), used for livestock production. The components of the hydrological cycle of three watersheds located in São Gabriel-RS were monitored for four years from October 2014 to September 2018. The variables monitored were: rainfall (Pt), streamflow (Q), water storage variations in the soil profile, Throughfall, Stemflow, litter interception, total height and diameter at 1.30 meters high of the trees. Also, were estimated, actual evapotranspiration, canopy interception (INT), leaf area index, water deficit, water surplus and withdrawal and put backr into the soil profile. It was also analyzed the diferences in the partitioning of the rainfall in three young eucalyptus species (E. saligna, E. benthamii and E. dunni, 2 at 4.5 years). Besides that, the manejement of shallow cutting of 100% and 30% in the eucalyptus watersheds. There were three years with precipitation far above the historical average in the region during the study. It was observed a lower Q of the EsW in relation to GW of 44.9, 44.5, 55.7 and 58.2%, from hydrological year 1 to 4, respectively, and a reduction in BEb in relation to GW of 16.4, 36.2, 66.5 and 78.4% of the year hydrological 1 to 4, respectively. The main water outlet in the three BHs occurred by the ETa process. The largest water deficits, during the four hydrological years of the study, occurred in BEs and BEb and the highest water surplus were estimated for BC. The specific flow rate (L s-1 km-2), before the cut of 100% of the area with eucalyptus in the EbW represented 5.4% of Pt and after the cut represent 23.7% of Pt. The highest averages of INT were verified in the species E. saligna and E. dunnii, when the plants had 3 to 4 years of age. The lower averages of INT, during all study period occurred in the E. benthamii species. In periods with low rainfall the BEs provided more water downstream than the BC in 65% of the time. The mosaic management of ages, by means of cutting in 30% of the eucalyptus area in the BEs, was beneficial for the maintenance of the minimum streamflow. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-02-27 2021-09-06T11:26:05Z 2021-09-06T11:26:05Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/22158 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/22158 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Agronomia UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo Centro de Ciências Rurais |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Agronomia UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo Centro de Ciências Rurais |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM instname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) instacron:UFSM |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
instacron_str |
UFSM |
institution |
UFSM |
reponame_str |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
collection |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
atendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.com |
_version_ |
1805922135282024448 |