Íons fluoreto em águas subterrâneas: monitoramento e remoção por eletrocoagulação-flotação e adsorção com resíduos de tabaco
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2020 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/24878 |
Resumo: | The excess of fluoride ions (F-) is a problem in the quality of water supply because they can trigger human health problems such as dental and skeletal fluorosis. Removal of F- to concentrations predicted by potability standards (less than 1.5 mg F-L-¹) can be made possible by the use of unit electrocoagulation-flotation (ECF) operations and adsorption. The main objective of this dissertation was to contextualize the problem of F- in water, groundwater monitoring and consequently propose and study defluoridation operations, evaluating the best-operating conditions of electrocoagulation-flotation and the development of adsorbent for adsorption. Initially, the dependence of groundwater resources was presented, and the General Monitoring Index (IGM) showed that in 2018 in Brazil, the average water quality sampling was 1.3 samples per 1,000 inhabitants. Besides, about 489 samples were performed due to reporting, disasters or F- outbreaks, with dilution being the most used technique to reduce F- concentrations. In well water monitoring at the university, mean concentrations of 2.7 mgF-L-¹ were found, and at school 3.8 mgF-L-¹, accompanied by high concentrations of other parameters. As an alternative to defluoridation, ECF with school water samples completely removed at F- concentrations, with the best conditions having a pH below 6.2, reaction times greater than 20 minutes, any value being current density ensures a minimum efficiency of 95%. The removal of F- in aluminum hydroxide flakes was the identified defluoridation mechanism, and a negative aspect is the residual aluminum concentrations in the treated water were above the potability limit. Finally, it is concluded that ECF is not fully sufficient to potable groundwater, however, for defluoridation is an efficient and viable alternative. For adsorption, a tobacco residue-supported Al-Ca-Zn trimetallic composite (Al-Ca-Zn-tab) was synthesized as an alternative to using an agricultural residue from the F- contamination chain for defluoridation. In adsorption studies, F- removal efficiencies were up to 71.7%, with actual accumulations of up to 2.78 mg g-¹, and maximum accumulations of 13.59 mg g-1. The most suitable isotherm model was Freundlich, obtaining kF of 0.1336 (mg g-¹) (L mg-¹) (1 n-¹), n of 1.13, R² of 0.9978 and ARE 5.1%. The General Order kinetic model was the best fit, with kn of 0.193 min-¹, qn of 1.15 mg g-¹, n of 7.139, R² of 0.9881 and ARE of 5.21. Besides, through the thermodynamic analysis, it was found a predominance of physisorption phenomena and exothermic process, obtaining ΔG ° of -8.55 kJ mol-¹, ΔH ° of -1.21 kJ mol-¹, ΔS ° of 0.023 kJ mol-¹. The proposed adsorption mechanism is based on the ion exchange of surface hydroxyl groups, as well as electrostatic interactions due to bi and trivalent cations. Thus, Al-Ca-Zn-tab adsorbent proved to be an efficient alternative in the removal of fluoride ions from the water supply. Finally, with this work, we tried to present the problem of F- in waters, for the purpose of developing efficient defluoridation technologies. Consequently, we seek to contribute to the reduction of cases of fluorosis and other problems arising from exposure to the risk of excessive consumption of F-, thus helping to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). |
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2022-06-15T17:24:50Z2022-06-15T17:24:50Z2020-01-27http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/24878The excess of fluoride ions (F-) is a problem in the quality of water supply because they can trigger human health problems such as dental and skeletal fluorosis. Removal of F- to concentrations predicted by potability standards (less than 1.5 mg F-L-¹) can be made possible by the use of unit electrocoagulation-flotation (ECF) operations and adsorption. The main objective of this dissertation was to contextualize the problem of F- in water, groundwater monitoring and consequently propose and study defluoridation operations, evaluating the best-operating conditions of electrocoagulation-flotation and the development of adsorbent for adsorption. Initially, the dependence of groundwater resources was presented, and the General Monitoring Index (IGM) showed that in 2018 in Brazil, the average water quality sampling was 1.3 samples per 1,000 inhabitants. Besides, about 489 samples were performed due to reporting, disasters or F- outbreaks, with dilution being the most used technique to reduce F- concentrations. In well water monitoring at the university, mean concentrations of 2.7 mgF-L-¹ were found, and at school 3.8 mgF-L-¹, accompanied by high concentrations of other parameters. As an alternative to defluoridation, ECF with school water samples completely removed at F- concentrations, with the best conditions having a pH below 6.2, reaction times greater than 20 minutes, any value being current density ensures a minimum efficiency of 95%. The removal of F- in aluminum hydroxide flakes was the identified defluoridation mechanism, and a negative aspect is the residual aluminum concentrations in the treated water were above the potability limit. Finally, it is concluded that ECF is not fully sufficient to potable groundwater, however, for defluoridation is an efficient and viable alternative. For adsorption, a tobacco residue-supported Al-Ca-Zn trimetallic composite (Al-Ca-Zn-tab) was synthesized as an alternative to using an agricultural residue from the F- contamination chain for defluoridation. In adsorption studies, F- removal efficiencies were up to 71.7%, with actual accumulations of up to 2.78 mg g-¹, and maximum accumulations of 13.59 mg g-1. The most suitable isotherm model was Freundlich, obtaining kF of 0.1336 (mg g-¹) (L mg-¹) (1 n-¹), n of 1.13, R² of 0.9978 and ARE 5.1%. The General Order kinetic model was the best fit, with kn of 0.193 min-¹, qn of 1.15 mg g-¹, n of 7.139, R² of 0.9881 and ARE of 5.21. Besides, through the thermodynamic analysis, it was found a predominance of physisorption phenomena and exothermic process, obtaining ΔG ° of -8.55 kJ mol-¹, ΔH ° of -1.21 kJ mol-¹, ΔS ° of 0.023 kJ mol-¹. The proposed adsorption mechanism is based on the ion exchange of surface hydroxyl groups, as well as electrostatic interactions due to bi and trivalent cations. Thus, Al-Ca-Zn-tab adsorbent proved to be an efficient alternative in the removal of fluoride ions from the water supply. Finally, with this work, we tried to present the problem of F- in waters, for the purpose of developing efficient defluoridation technologies. Consequently, we seek to contribute to the reduction of cases of fluorosis and other problems arising from exposure to the risk of excessive consumption of F-, thus helping to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).O excesso de íons fluoreto (F-) constituem um problema a qualidade de águas de abastecimento, pois podem desencadear problemas na saúde de humanos, como a fluorose dental e esquelética. A remoção de F- até concentrações previstas por padrões de potabilidade (menores que 1,5 mg F- L-¹), pode ser viabilizada com a utilização de operações unitárias de eletrocoagulação-flotação (ECF) e a adsorção. O objetivo principal desta dissertação consistiu em contextualizar a problemática dos F- em águas, monitorar poços e consequentemente propor e estudar operações de desfluoretação, avaliando as melhores condições de operação da eletrocoagulação-flotação e o desenvolvimento de adsorvente para adsorção. Inicialmente, apresentou-se a dependência dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos, e através do Índice de Monitoramento Geral (IGM) apresentou-se que em 2018 no Brasil, a média amostragens de qualidade da água foi de 1,3 amostras a cada 1.000 habitantes. Além disso, cerca de 489 amostragens foram realizadas em função de denúncia, desastres ou surtos quanto à F-, sendo a diluição a técnica mais empregada para redução de concentrações de F-. No monitoramento de águas do poço na universidade, verificou-se concentrações médias de 2,7 mgF- L-¹, e na escola de 3,8 mgF- L-¹, acompanhadas de altas concentrações de outros parâmetros. Como alternativa de desfluoretação, a ECF em regime descontínuo, com amostras de água da escola, removeu integralmente as concentrações de F-, sendo as melhores condições com pH inferior à 6,2, tempos de reação superiores a 20 minutos, sendo que qualquer valor de densidade de corrente, garante eficiência mínima de 95%. A remoção de F- nos flocos de hidróxido de alumínio foi o mecanismo de desfluoretação identificado, sendo que um aspecto negativo são as concentrações residuais de alumínio na água tratada, estas foram superiores ao limite de potabilidade. Por fim, conclui-se que a ECF não é totalmente suficiente para potabilizar águas subterrâneas, no entanto, para desfluoretação é uma alternativa eficiente e viável. Para a adsorção, sintetizou-se um compósito trimetálico Al-Ca-Zn suportado em resíduos de tabaco (Al-Ca-Zn-tab), como uma alternativa de utilização de um resíduo agrícola da cadeia de contaminação de F-, para desfluoretação. Nos estudos de adsorção, as eficiências de remoção de F- foram de até 71,7%, com acumulações reais de até 2,78 mg g-¹, e acumulações máximas de 13,59 mg g-¹. O modelo de isotermas que mais se adequou foi o de Freundlich, obtendo kF de 0,1336 (mg g-¹) (L mg-¹)(¹/n), n de 1,13, R² de 0,9978 e ARE de 5,1% . O modelo cinético de Ordem Geral, foi o que melhor foi ajustado, com kn de 0,193 min-¹, qn de 1,15 mg g-¹, n de 7,139, R² de 0,9881 e ARE de 5,21. Além disso, através da análise termodinâmica, verificouse predominância de fenômenos de fisissorção e processo exotérmico, obtendo ΔG° de -8,55 kJ mol-¹, ΔH° de -1,21 kJ mol-¹, ΔS° de 0,023 kJ mol-¹. O mecanismo de adsorção proposto é baseado na troca iônica dos grupamentos hidroxila de superfície, além de interações eletrostáticas devido aos cátions bi e trivalentes. Deste modo, o adsorvente Al-Ca-Zn-tab se mostrou uma alternativa eficiente na remoção de íons fluoreto de águas de abastecimento. Por fim, com este trabalho buscou-se apresentar a problemática dos F- em águas, para fins de desenvolvimento de tecnologias eficientes de desfluoretação. Consequentemente, busca-se colaborar para a redução dos casos de fluorose e demais problemas oriundos da exposição ao risco do consumo excessivo de F-, assim auxiliando no cumprimento dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentáveis (ODS’s) propostos pela Organização das Nações Unidas.porUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaCentro de TecnologiaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia AmbientalUFSMBrasilEngenharia AmbientalAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessÁguas de abastecimentoÍons fluoretoDesfluoretaçãoAdsorçãoEletrocoagulação-flotaçãoWater supplyFluoride ionsDefluoridationAdsorption electrocoagulationflotationCNPQ::ENGENHARIASÍons fluoreto em águas subterrâneas: monitoramento e remoção por eletrocoagulação-flotação e adsorção com resíduos de tabacoFluoride ions in underground water: monitoring and removal by electrocoagulation-flotation and adsorption with tobacco wasteinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisCarissimi, Elvishttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4642912749433316Dotto, Guilherme LuizJahn, Sérgio LuizRuotolo, Luis Augusto Martinshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/9685697781991450Somavilla, Ezequiel Andrei30000000000960060060060060060025ff2f1f-cecc-4198-81f8-8ef68c467a1011b7b565-52ee-4e09-9d97-3fe04faf0b23137c19da-4a80-436c-aa83-0a189262b557d44d2387-2d6e-4165-b088-3ed7e054631d977b0c3d-e6b8-4f9c-a935-f5696054cdabreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSMORIGINALDIS_PPGEA_2020_SOMAVILLA_EZEQUIEL.pdfDIS_PPGEA_2020_SOMAVILLA_EZEQUIEL.pdfDissertação de Mestradoapplication/pdf7759236http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/24878/1/DIS_PPGEA_2020_SOMAVILLA_EZEQUIEL.pdf7b31c3281e76d68a9472011c3978e133MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; 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dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Íons fluoreto em águas subterrâneas: monitoramento e remoção por eletrocoagulação-flotação e adsorção com resíduos de tabaco |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Fluoride ions in underground water: monitoring and removal by electrocoagulation-flotation and adsorption with tobacco waste |
title |
Íons fluoreto em águas subterrâneas: monitoramento e remoção por eletrocoagulação-flotação e adsorção com resíduos de tabaco |
spellingShingle |
Íons fluoreto em águas subterrâneas: monitoramento e remoção por eletrocoagulação-flotação e adsorção com resíduos de tabaco Somavilla, Ezequiel Andrei Águas de abastecimento Íons fluoreto Desfluoretação Adsorção Eletrocoagulação-flotação Water supply Fluoride ions Defluoridation Adsorption electrocoagulationflotation CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS |
title_short |
Íons fluoreto em águas subterrâneas: monitoramento e remoção por eletrocoagulação-flotação e adsorção com resíduos de tabaco |
title_full |
Íons fluoreto em águas subterrâneas: monitoramento e remoção por eletrocoagulação-flotação e adsorção com resíduos de tabaco |
title_fullStr |
Íons fluoreto em águas subterrâneas: monitoramento e remoção por eletrocoagulação-flotação e adsorção com resíduos de tabaco |
title_full_unstemmed |
Íons fluoreto em águas subterrâneas: monitoramento e remoção por eletrocoagulação-flotação e adsorção com resíduos de tabaco |
title_sort |
Íons fluoreto em águas subterrâneas: monitoramento e remoção por eletrocoagulação-flotação e adsorção com resíduos de tabaco |
author |
Somavilla, Ezequiel Andrei |
author_facet |
Somavilla, Ezequiel Andrei |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Carissimi, Elvis |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/4642912749433316 |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv |
Dotto, Guilherme Luiz |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Jahn, Sérgio Luiz |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Ruotolo, Luis Augusto Martins |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/9685697781991450 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Somavilla, Ezequiel Andrei |
contributor_str_mv |
Carissimi, Elvis Dotto, Guilherme Luiz Jahn, Sérgio Luiz Ruotolo, Luis Augusto Martins |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Águas de abastecimento Íons fluoreto Desfluoretação Adsorção Eletrocoagulação-flotação |
topic |
Águas de abastecimento Íons fluoreto Desfluoretação Adsorção Eletrocoagulação-flotação Water supply Fluoride ions Defluoridation Adsorption electrocoagulationflotation CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Water supply Fluoride ions Defluoridation Adsorption electrocoagulationflotation |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS |
description |
The excess of fluoride ions (F-) is a problem in the quality of water supply because they can trigger human health problems such as dental and skeletal fluorosis. Removal of F- to concentrations predicted by potability standards (less than 1.5 mg F-L-¹) can be made possible by the use of unit electrocoagulation-flotation (ECF) operations and adsorption. The main objective of this dissertation was to contextualize the problem of F- in water, groundwater monitoring and consequently propose and study defluoridation operations, evaluating the best-operating conditions of electrocoagulation-flotation and the development of adsorbent for adsorption. Initially, the dependence of groundwater resources was presented, and the General Monitoring Index (IGM) showed that in 2018 in Brazil, the average water quality sampling was 1.3 samples per 1,000 inhabitants. Besides, about 489 samples were performed due to reporting, disasters or F- outbreaks, with dilution being the most used technique to reduce F- concentrations. In well water monitoring at the university, mean concentrations of 2.7 mgF-L-¹ were found, and at school 3.8 mgF-L-¹, accompanied by high concentrations of other parameters. As an alternative to defluoridation, ECF with school water samples completely removed at F- concentrations, with the best conditions having a pH below 6.2, reaction times greater than 20 minutes, any value being current density ensures a minimum efficiency of 95%. The removal of F- in aluminum hydroxide flakes was the identified defluoridation mechanism, and a negative aspect is the residual aluminum concentrations in the treated water were above the potability limit. Finally, it is concluded that ECF is not fully sufficient to potable groundwater, however, for defluoridation is an efficient and viable alternative. For adsorption, a tobacco residue-supported Al-Ca-Zn trimetallic composite (Al-Ca-Zn-tab) was synthesized as an alternative to using an agricultural residue from the F- contamination chain for defluoridation. In adsorption studies, F- removal efficiencies were up to 71.7%, with actual accumulations of up to 2.78 mg g-¹, and maximum accumulations of 13.59 mg g-1. The most suitable isotherm model was Freundlich, obtaining kF of 0.1336 (mg g-¹) (L mg-¹) (1 n-¹), n of 1.13, R² of 0.9978 and ARE 5.1%. The General Order kinetic model was the best fit, with kn of 0.193 min-¹, qn of 1.15 mg g-¹, n of 7.139, R² of 0.9881 and ARE of 5.21. Besides, through the thermodynamic analysis, it was found a predominance of physisorption phenomena and exothermic process, obtaining ΔG ° of -8.55 kJ mol-¹, ΔH ° of -1.21 kJ mol-¹, ΔS ° of 0.023 kJ mol-¹. The proposed adsorption mechanism is based on the ion exchange of surface hydroxyl groups, as well as electrostatic interactions due to bi and trivalent cations. Thus, Al-Ca-Zn-tab adsorbent proved to be an efficient alternative in the removal of fluoride ions from the water supply. Finally, with this work, we tried to present the problem of F- in waters, for the purpose of developing efficient defluoridation technologies. Consequently, we seek to contribute to the reduction of cases of fluorosis and other problems arising from exposure to the risk of excessive consumption of F-, thus helping to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). |
publishDate |
2020 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2020-01-27 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2022-06-15T17:24:50Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2022-06-15T17:24:50Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/24878 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/24878 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
300000000009 |
dc.relation.confidence.fl_str_mv |
600 600 600 600 600 600 |
dc.relation.authority.fl_str_mv |
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dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
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openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Tecnologia |
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Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental |
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UFSM |
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Brasil |
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Engenharia Ambiental |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Tecnologia |
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Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
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UFSM |
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UFSM |
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM |
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM |
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
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atendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.com |
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