Aflatoxina M1 e bifenilos policlorados (PCBs) em leites produzidos em sistemas convencional e orgânico
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2018 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/23031 |
Resumo: | Aflatoxin M1 and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are toxic compounds and carcinogenic to humans. Both have their widespread occurrence through milk in a significant way. Milk is an important source of human exposure to these compounds also due to its expressive consumption worldwide, either in the fluid form or dairy prodtucs, mainly by young and elderly. Organic milk is geting space and preference for many consumers, since its production is standardized and can be certified according to animal welfare, sustainability, non-use of antibiotics, synthetic medicines and homones, for example, with a view to obtaining products without residues. In this study, 84 milk samples were investigated in total, and 63 (75 %) were contaminated with aflatoxin M1 above the limit of detection. No difference was observed between the samples from organic and conventional systems. There was no difference between pasteurized and raw milk samples. None of the samples contained aflatoxin M1 above the maximum level permitted by Brazilian Legislation (0,5 μg/kg for fluid milk). The levels of eleven congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were evaluated in 60 samples of organic and conventional milk collected in three regions of Brazil. The congeners of four DL-PCBs investigated were not detected in any sample of milk analyzed. The results confirm the occurrence of low contamination by PCBs 153 and 180 in the two production systems, with a significant difference in the mean concentration detected for PCB 153 in conventional milks PCB 153 was present in average concentrations of 0.46 ng g-1 fat in organic milks and 1.12 ng g-1 fat in the conventional samples analyzed. PCB 180 was detected at mean concentrations of 0.12 ng g-1 fat and 0.18 ng g-1 fat in organic and conventional samples, respectively. These detected levels were in line with European legislation (40 ng g-1 for sum of indicator PCBs). PCB 153 was present in average concentrations of 0.46 ng g-1 fat in organic milks and 1.12 ng g-1 fat in the conventional samples investigated. There was no significant difference between the occurrence of PCB 153 and PCB 180 in raw and pasteurized milks. PCB 153 was detected in 50% of the conventional milk samples and in 13.33% of the organic samples analyzed. PCB 180 was detected in 10% of the conventional samples and in 6.66% of the organic milk samples analyzed.The levels detected were in accordance with the european legislation. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of aflatoxin M1 e PCBs through organic and conventional milk consumption was also evaluated. In this study, the EDI-values for aflatoxin M, PCB 153 e PCB 180 did not pose a toxicological risk for the population. However, it is suggested to consider the data obtained, especially in milks from organic production, as an impact factor on organic quality. In this sense, the systematic monitoring can be as a subsidy to the evaluation of the risk involved in the consumption of milk against the contamination by AM1 and POPs of hight toxicity, such as PCBs. To our best knowledge, this is the first report on aflatoxin M1 and PCBs levels in organic milk from Brazil. |
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Aflatoxina M1 e bifenilos policlorados (PCBs) em leites produzidos em sistemas convencional e orgânicoAflatoxin M1 and polychlorated biphenyl (PCBs) in milks produced in conventional and organic systemsLeite bovinoMicotoxinaPoluente orgânico persistenteSegurança alimentarIngestão diária estimadaBovine milkPersistent organic pollutantFood safetyEstimated daily intakeMycotoxinCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOSAflatoxin M1 and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are toxic compounds and carcinogenic to humans. Both have their widespread occurrence through milk in a significant way. Milk is an important source of human exposure to these compounds also due to its expressive consumption worldwide, either in the fluid form or dairy prodtucs, mainly by young and elderly. Organic milk is geting space and preference for many consumers, since its production is standardized and can be certified according to animal welfare, sustainability, non-use of antibiotics, synthetic medicines and homones, for example, with a view to obtaining products without residues. In this study, 84 milk samples were investigated in total, and 63 (75 %) were contaminated with aflatoxin M1 above the limit of detection. No difference was observed between the samples from organic and conventional systems. There was no difference between pasteurized and raw milk samples. None of the samples contained aflatoxin M1 above the maximum level permitted by Brazilian Legislation (0,5 μg/kg for fluid milk). The levels of eleven congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were evaluated in 60 samples of organic and conventional milk collected in three regions of Brazil. The congeners of four DL-PCBs investigated were not detected in any sample of milk analyzed. The results confirm the occurrence of low contamination by PCBs 153 and 180 in the two production systems, with a significant difference in the mean concentration detected for PCB 153 in conventional milks PCB 153 was present in average concentrations of 0.46 ng g-1 fat in organic milks and 1.12 ng g-1 fat in the conventional samples analyzed. PCB 180 was detected at mean concentrations of 0.12 ng g-1 fat and 0.18 ng g-1 fat in organic and conventional samples, respectively. These detected levels were in line with European legislation (40 ng g-1 for sum of indicator PCBs). PCB 153 was present in average concentrations of 0.46 ng g-1 fat in organic milks and 1.12 ng g-1 fat in the conventional samples investigated. There was no significant difference between the occurrence of PCB 153 and PCB 180 in raw and pasteurized milks. PCB 153 was detected in 50% of the conventional milk samples and in 13.33% of the organic samples analyzed. PCB 180 was detected in 10% of the conventional samples and in 6.66% of the organic milk samples analyzed.The levels detected were in accordance with the european legislation. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of aflatoxin M1 e PCBs through organic and conventional milk consumption was also evaluated. In this study, the EDI-values for aflatoxin M, PCB 153 e PCB 180 did not pose a toxicological risk for the population. However, it is suggested to consider the data obtained, especially in milks from organic production, as an impact factor on organic quality. In this sense, the systematic monitoring can be as a subsidy to the evaluation of the risk involved in the consumption of milk against the contamination by AM1 and POPs of hight toxicity, such as PCBs. To our best knowledge, this is the first report on aflatoxin M1 and PCBs levels in organic milk from Brazil.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESAflatoxina M1 e bifenilos policlorados (PCBs) são compostos tóxicos carcinogênicos para humanos e ambos tem sua ocorrência difundida pelo leite de modo significativo. Assim, o leite constitui-se em importante fonte de exposição humana a esses compostos também pelo seu expressivo consumo à nível mundial, seja na forma fluida ou de derivados, principalmente por jovens e idosos. O leite orgânico vem ganhando espaço e preferência por muitos consumidores, uma vez que sua produção está normatizada e pode ser certificada conforme preceitos de bem estar animal, sustentabilidade, não utilização de antibióticos, medicamentos sintéticos e homônios, por exemplo, na perspectiva de obtenção de produtos isentos de resíduos. Neste estudo, um total de 84 amostras de leites foram investigadas em relação à ocorrência de AM1 e 63 (75%) confirmaram-se contaminadas acima do limite de detecção. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na contaminação entre amostras produzidas em sistemas convencionais e orgânicos. Também não houve diferença significativa na ocorrência de contaminação por AM1 entre leites pasteurizados ou crus analisados. Nenhuma das amostras apresentou contaminação acima dos limites máximos permitidos pela legislação brasileira (0,5 μg/kg para leite fluido). Por sua vez, os níveis de onze congêneres de bifenilos policlorados (PCBs) foram avaliados em 60 amostras de leites convencionais e orgânicos coletados em três regiões do Brasil. Os congêneres de quatro DL-PCBs investigados não foram detectados em nenhuma amostra de leite analisada. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a ocorrência de baixa contaminação pelos PCBs 153 e 180 nos dois sistemas de produção, havendo diferença significativa na concentração média detectada para o PCB 153 nos leites convencionais. PCB 153 apresentou-se em concentrações médias de 0,46 ng g-1 de gordura nos leites orgânicos e de 1,12 ng g-1 de gordura nas amostras convencionais analisadas. O PCB 180 foi detectado em concentrações médias de 0,12 ng g-1 de gordura e 0,18 ng g-1 de gordura em amostras orgânicas e convencionais, respectivamente. Esses níveis detectados estavam de acordo com o permitido pela legislação europeia (40 ng g-1 para somatório de PCBs indicadores). O PCB 153 foi detectado em 50% das amostras de leite convencionais e em 13,33% das amostras orgânicas analisadas. Já o PCB 180 foi detectado em 10% das amostras convencionais e em 6,66% das amostras de leite orgânico analisadas. Não houve diferença significativa entre a ocorrência do PCB 153 e do PCB 180 em leites crus e pasteurizados. A ingestão diária estimada (IDE) de AM1 e PCBs pelo consumo de leites convencionais e orgânicos do Brasil também foi avaliada. Neste estudo, a ingestão diária estimada de AM1, PCB 153 e PCB 180 pelo consumo de leites convencionais e orgânicos não representam um risco toxicológico para a população. Porém, sugere-se a consideração dos dados obtidos e o monitoramento sistemático como subsídio à avaliação do risco benefício envolvido no consumo de leite frente à contaminação por AM1 e por POPs de expressiva toxicidade, como os PCBs. Este estudo foi o primeiro a reportar níveis de AM1 e PCBs em leites orgânicos do Brasil.Universidade Federal de Santa MariaBrasilCiência e Tecnologia dos AlimentosUFSMPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos AlimentosCentro de Ciências RuraisCostabeber, Ijoni Hildahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2529905835093392Reichert, BárbaraSautter, Claudia KaehlerMohr, SusanaGranella, VanusaPigatto, Giane Magrini2021-11-29T11:53:37Z2021-11-29T11:53:37Z2018-03-02info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisapplication/pdfhttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/23031porAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSM2021-11-30T06:03:36Zoai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/23031Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/ONGhttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestatendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.comopendoar:2021-11-30T06:03:36Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Aflatoxina M1 e bifenilos policlorados (PCBs) em leites produzidos em sistemas convencional e orgânico Aflatoxin M1 and polychlorated biphenyl (PCBs) in milks produced in conventional and organic systems |
title |
Aflatoxina M1 e bifenilos policlorados (PCBs) em leites produzidos em sistemas convencional e orgânico |
spellingShingle |
Aflatoxina M1 e bifenilos policlorados (PCBs) em leites produzidos em sistemas convencional e orgânico Pigatto, Giane Magrini Leite bovino Micotoxina Poluente orgânico persistente Segurança alimentar Ingestão diária estimada Bovine milk Persistent organic pollutant Food safety Estimated daily intake Mycotoxin CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS |
title_short |
Aflatoxina M1 e bifenilos policlorados (PCBs) em leites produzidos em sistemas convencional e orgânico |
title_full |
Aflatoxina M1 e bifenilos policlorados (PCBs) em leites produzidos em sistemas convencional e orgânico |
title_fullStr |
Aflatoxina M1 e bifenilos policlorados (PCBs) em leites produzidos em sistemas convencional e orgânico |
title_full_unstemmed |
Aflatoxina M1 e bifenilos policlorados (PCBs) em leites produzidos em sistemas convencional e orgânico |
title_sort |
Aflatoxina M1 e bifenilos policlorados (PCBs) em leites produzidos em sistemas convencional e orgânico |
author |
Pigatto, Giane Magrini |
author_facet |
Pigatto, Giane Magrini |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Costabeber, Ijoni Hilda http://lattes.cnpq.br/2529905835093392 Reichert, Bárbara Sautter, Claudia Kaehler Mohr, Susana Granella, Vanusa |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Pigatto, Giane Magrini |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Leite bovino Micotoxina Poluente orgânico persistente Segurança alimentar Ingestão diária estimada Bovine milk Persistent organic pollutant Food safety Estimated daily intake Mycotoxin CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS |
topic |
Leite bovino Micotoxina Poluente orgânico persistente Segurança alimentar Ingestão diária estimada Bovine milk Persistent organic pollutant Food safety Estimated daily intake Mycotoxin CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS |
description |
Aflatoxin M1 and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are toxic compounds and carcinogenic to humans. Both have their widespread occurrence through milk in a significant way. Milk is an important source of human exposure to these compounds also due to its expressive consumption worldwide, either in the fluid form or dairy prodtucs, mainly by young and elderly. Organic milk is geting space and preference for many consumers, since its production is standardized and can be certified according to animal welfare, sustainability, non-use of antibiotics, synthetic medicines and homones, for example, with a view to obtaining products without residues. In this study, 84 milk samples were investigated in total, and 63 (75 %) were contaminated with aflatoxin M1 above the limit of detection. No difference was observed between the samples from organic and conventional systems. There was no difference between pasteurized and raw milk samples. None of the samples contained aflatoxin M1 above the maximum level permitted by Brazilian Legislation (0,5 μg/kg for fluid milk). The levels of eleven congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were evaluated in 60 samples of organic and conventional milk collected in three regions of Brazil. The congeners of four DL-PCBs investigated were not detected in any sample of milk analyzed. The results confirm the occurrence of low contamination by PCBs 153 and 180 in the two production systems, with a significant difference in the mean concentration detected for PCB 153 in conventional milks PCB 153 was present in average concentrations of 0.46 ng g-1 fat in organic milks and 1.12 ng g-1 fat in the conventional samples analyzed. PCB 180 was detected at mean concentrations of 0.12 ng g-1 fat and 0.18 ng g-1 fat in organic and conventional samples, respectively. These detected levels were in line with European legislation (40 ng g-1 for sum of indicator PCBs). PCB 153 was present in average concentrations of 0.46 ng g-1 fat in organic milks and 1.12 ng g-1 fat in the conventional samples investigated. There was no significant difference between the occurrence of PCB 153 and PCB 180 in raw and pasteurized milks. PCB 153 was detected in 50% of the conventional milk samples and in 13.33% of the organic samples analyzed. PCB 180 was detected in 10% of the conventional samples and in 6.66% of the organic milk samples analyzed.The levels detected were in accordance with the european legislation. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of aflatoxin M1 e PCBs through organic and conventional milk consumption was also evaluated. In this study, the EDI-values for aflatoxin M, PCB 153 e PCB 180 did not pose a toxicological risk for the population. However, it is suggested to consider the data obtained, especially in milks from organic production, as an impact factor on organic quality. In this sense, the systematic monitoring can be as a subsidy to the evaluation of the risk involved in the consumption of milk against the contamination by AM1 and POPs of hight toxicity, such as PCBs. To our best knowledge, this is the first report on aflatoxin M1 and PCBs levels in organic milk from Brazil. |
publishDate |
2018 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2018-03-02 2021-11-29T11:53:37Z 2021-11-29T11:53:37Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/23031 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/23031 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos Centro de Ciências Rurais |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos Centro de Ciências Rurais |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM instname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) instacron:UFSM |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
instacron_str |
UFSM |
institution |
UFSM |
reponame_str |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
collection |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
atendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.com |
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1805922038449176576 |