Crescimento e produção de biomassa de em erva-mate com diferentes plantas de cobertura do solo

• Autor(a) principal: Pereira, Monike Andrade
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/16537
• topic: Área foliar; Crescimento de planta; Llex paraguariensis; Manejo de plantas; Leaf area; Plant growth; Plant management; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL

In recent years, the growing increase in planting of mate has led producers to seek information on management practices capable of providing edaphic improvements and increases in yerba mate production. It is known that the silvicultural study of native species such as mate still has flaws that limit the production process on a commercial scale safer and more profitable. Therefore, the need for studies that aim to contribute with basic information for the management of mate forests, and thus suggest ways that can reduce losses and increase production. The objective of the present study was to study the effect of soil cover crops on the growth of mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.). The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four blocks and five treatments: perennial soybean (SP), forage peanut (AF), mowed spontaneous vegetation (VE) black oat + vetch (in the fall / winter period) and cowpea (In the spring / summer period) (S1) and black oat + forage turnip (in the fall / winter period) and cowpea (in the spring / summer period) (S2). The growth of the mate was evaluated by measuring the total plant height, diameter at ten centimeters of plant height and total plant leaf area. To estimate the total plant leaf area an model was used relating the number of leaves counted and tree total plant leaf area. Plant formation pruning was carried out in September of 2017 and 2018. Green and dry biomass of the mate was obtained after pruning, where the material was harvested and weighed green on a field scale and then weighed dry on a precision scale. Soil samples with preserved structure were collected with metal rings in the 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm layers of the soil, to determine the soil density and porosities. There was a significant difference in growth, height, diameter, leaf area and in dry and green biomass of the herbs between treatments. The herbaceous intercropped with forage peanut presented greater dry and green shoot biomass, as well as greater growth in height and diameter. In the 20-40 cm layer, there was lower macroporosity in the herbarium consortium with AF and the highest value in S2. Under the conditions studied, forage peanuts are the most recommended soil cover plant to be used in mate plantations, since it provided better soil conditions for its growth.