Variação ecogeográfica e funcional do crânio de Tayassuidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla)
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2018 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/15221 |
Resumo: | Understanding the determining mechanisms and functional roles of phenotypic variation have been a central topic of ecogeography and evolution. Peccaries are excellent models for testing ecogeographical and functional hypotheses given the extensive geographic distributions ranging across both Northern and Southern hemispheres of two of the three living species as well the evolution of skull features that presuppose high biomechanical performance. In this thesis, we used geometric morphometrics procedures and univariate and multivariate analyses of variance to describe the geographical variation in skull shape and size of Pecari tajacu and Tayassu pecari and to test the influence of environmental, allometric and spatial factors. We also investigated if skull shape of the three living peccaries reflect their biomechanical attributes. In the first chapter, we obtained the skull shape for 294 specimens of both P. tajacu and T. pecari from 134 different localities in South America. Using Partial Least Squares and variation partitioning analysis we quantified the relationship between the skull shape and the environmental, spatial and allometric factors. Our results revealed patterns of geographical variation in skull shape of both species, but shape is more conservative in T. pecari. The environment explained most of this variation, while a weak allometric and spatial autocorrelation effect was found only in P. tajacu. In the second chapter, we tested the geographical variation in skull size of 426 specimens of both species from 174 different localities south of the equator and 83 in the north. We regressed the skull size against latitude. Effects of seasonal temperature, precipitation, and human influence including spatial autocorrelation structures were tested through Generalized Least Squares. Differences in size between sympatric and allopatric areas were explored with ANOVA models. We found a latitudinal pattern in skull size of peccaries, one inverse to Bergmann Rule. Size was positively associated with precipitation, offering support to resource availability as a major mechanism behind increases in lower latitudes, especially for T. pecari. Human influence affects negatively the size of peccaries in Southern hemisphere. The largely non-overlapping body-size distributions of the two species suggest that size differences may be necessary for sympatric overlap of these two peccaries. In chapter 3, combining geometric morphometrics and biomechanical analyses we obtained the skull shape and centroid size from 213 specimens of the three living peccary species and estimated bite force, bite stress at molars, bending and shear stress on the mandibular corpus, and condylar stress. We found that P. tajacu and T. pecari share craniomandibular shape traits (shorter and deeper mandibular corpora and wider muscle insertion areas) enabling them to apply stronger forces and resist stress and fractures from higher biomechanical demands than P. wagneri. In a broader sense, our results highlight the role of the environmental variation driving clinal variation in skull shape and size, especially the resource availability. The results also corroborate the hypothesis that shape closely reflects the biomechanical performance of species. |
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2019-01-07T11:13:09Z2019-01-07T11:13:09Z2018-02-22http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/15221Understanding the determining mechanisms and functional roles of phenotypic variation have been a central topic of ecogeography and evolution. Peccaries are excellent models for testing ecogeographical and functional hypotheses given the extensive geographic distributions ranging across both Northern and Southern hemispheres of two of the three living species as well the evolution of skull features that presuppose high biomechanical performance. In this thesis, we used geometric morphometrics procedures and univariate and multivariate analyses of variance to describe the geographical variation in skull shape and size of Pecari tajacu and Tayassu pecari and to test the influence of environmental, allometric and spatial factors. We also investigated if skull shape of the three living peccaries reflect their biomechanical attributes. In the first chapter, we obtained the skull shape for 294 specimens of both P. tajacu and T. pecari from 134 different localities in South America. Using Partial Least Squares and variation partitioning analysis we quantified the relationship between the skull shape and the environmental, spatial and allometric factors. Our results revealed patterns of geographical variation in skull shape of both species, but shape is more conservative in T. pecari. The environment explained most of this variation, while a weak allometric and spatial autocorrelation effect was found only in P. tajacu. In the second chapter, we tested the geographical variation in skull size of 426 specimens of both species from 174 different localities south of the equator and 83 in the north. We regressed the skull size against latitude. Effects of seasonal temperature, precipitation, and human influence including spatial autocorrelation structures were tested through Generalized Least Squares. Differences in size between sympatric and allopatric areas were explored with ANOVA models. We found a latitudinal pattern in skull size of peccaries, one inverse to Bergmann Rule. Size was positively associated with precipitation, offering support to resource availability as a major mechanism behind increases in lower latitudes, especially for T. pecari. Human influence affects negatively the size of peccaries in Southern hemisphere. The largely non-overlapping body-size distributions of the two species suggest that size differences may be necessary for sympatric overlap of these two peccaries. In chapter 3, combining geometric morphometrics and biomechanical analyses we obtained the skull shape and centroid size from 213 specimens of the three living peccary species and estimated bite force, bite stress at molars, bending and shear stress on the mandibular corpus, and condylar stress. We found that P. tajacu and T. pecari share craniomandibular shape traits (shorter and deeper mandibular corpora and wider muscle insertion areas) enabling them to apply stronger forces and resist stress and fractures from higher biomechanical demands than P. wagneri. In a broader sense, our results highlight the role of the environmental variation driving clinal variation in skull shape and size, especially the resource availability. The results also corroborate the hypothesis that shape closely reflects the biomechanical performance of species.Compreender os mecanismos determinantes e os papéis funcionais da variação fenotípica tem sido um tema central da ecogeografia e evolução. Tayassuídeos são excelentes modelos para testar hipóteses ecogeográficas e funcionais dada a extensa distribuição geográfica ao norte e sul do Equador de duas das três espécies atuais e a evolução de algumas características craniais que pressupõe altas performances biomecânicas. Nessa tese nós utilizamos procedimentos de morfometria geométrica e análises de variância uni e multivariadas para descrever a variação geográfica na forma e tamanho do crânio de Pecari tajacu e Tayassu pecari e testar a influência de fatores ambientais, alométricos e espaciais. Nós também investigamos se a forma do crânio das três espécies atuais reflete seus atributos biomecânicos. No primeiro capítulo, obtivemos a forma do crânio para 294 espécimes de P. tajacu e T. pecari de 134 diferentes localidades na America do Sul. Utilizando Partial Least Squares e análises de partição de variância nós quantificamos o relacionamento entre a forma e fatores ambientais, espaciais e alométricos. Nossos resultados revelaram padrões de variação geográfica na forma do crânio de ambas as espécies, mas a forma de T. pecari é mais conservativa. O ambiente explicou a maior parte da variação, enquanto um fraco efeito alométrico e da autocorrelação espacial foi encontrado apenas em P. tajacu. No segundo capítulo, nós testamos a variaçao geográfica no tramanho de 426 espécimes destes dois tayassuídeos provenientes de 174 localidades diferentes ao sul do equador e 83 ao norte. Nós testamos o efeito da latitude, temperatura sazonal, precipitação e influência humana no tamanho do crânio com Generalized Least Squares incluindo estruturas de autocorrelação espacial. Diferenças de tamanho em regiões de simpatria e alopatria foram exploradas com modelos de ANOVA. Nós encontramos um padrão latitudinal no tamanho do crânio de P. tajacu e T. pecari inverso a Regra de Bergmann. O tamanho foi positivamente associado à precipitação oferecendo suporte à disponibilidade de recursos como um importante fator selecionando maiores tamanhos corporais em baixas latitudes, especialmente para T. pecari. A influência humana afeta negativamente o tamanho das espécies no hemisfério sul. As distribuições de tamanho corporal, em grande parte não sobrepostas, sugerem que as diferenças de tamanho podem ser necessárias para a sobreposição simpátrica dessas espécies. No capitulo 3, combinamos análises de morfometria geométrica e modelos biomecânicos e obtivemos a forma craniomandibular e o tamanho do centróide de 213 espécimes e estimamos força de mordida e estresse nos molares, corpo mandibular e no processo condilar. Nós encontramos que P. tajacu e T. pecari compartilham traços de forma craniomandibular (corpo mandibular mais curto e profundo e áreas de inserção muscular mais amplas) que lhes permite aplicar maior força durante a mordida e resistir ao risco de fraturas de maiores demandas biomecânicas do que P. wagneri. De modo geral, nossos resultados ressaltam o papel da variação ambiental dirigindo clinas na forma e tamanho do crânio, sobretudo a disponibilidade de recursos, e corroboraram a hipótese de que a forma reflete de perto o desempenho biomecânico das espécies.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESporUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaCentro de Ciências Naturais e ExatasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade AnimalUFSMBrasilBioquímicaAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessBiomecânicaMacroecologiaMandibulaMorfometria geométricaPerformance alimentarRegra de BergmannSuiformesVariação clinalVariação morfológicaBiomechanicsMacroecologyMandibleGeometric morphometricsFeeding performanceBergmann’s RuleSuiformesClinal variationMorphological variationCNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOQUIMICAVariação ecogeográfica e funcional do crânio de Tayassuidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla)Ecogeographical and functional variation in skull of Tayassuidae (Mammalia: Artiodactya)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisCáceres, Nilton Carloshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1920880712756721Calcaño, Eliécer Eduardo Gutiérrezhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1828278925405193Fornel, Rodrigohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/9519038691227013Galiano, Danielhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2342973667776144Monteiro, Leandro Rabellohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4987216474124557http://lattes.cnpq.br/5011193731546242Hendges, Carla Deonisia200800000002600bfaadf7f-47b1-43c4-9394-7ee2f01fe816797ae0e9-8fe9-4834-a383-f66f000d5c21881507ae-2b72-4b1d-b6c9-498d17623b03515d05ff-94af-4f80-b8e5-f1a4e2169fa081cccc55-88d5-42f3-8263-ffd305474edb7876a646-ca8f-4e33-8c3b-779070ec7009reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSMORIGINALTES_PPGBA_2018_HENDGES_CARLA.pdfTES_PPGBA_2018_HENDGES_CARLA.pdfTese de Doutoradoapplication/pdf4988062http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/15221/1/TES_PPGBA_2018_HENDGES_CARLA.pdff9f821ac4fc5dfe5a6880bd362ec84b8MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; 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dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Variação ecogeográfica e funcional do crânio de Tayassuidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Ecogeographical and functional variation in skull of Tayassuidae (Mammalia: Artiodactya) |
title |
Variação ecogeográfica e funcional do crânio de Tayassuidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) |
spellingShingle |
Variação ecogeográfica e funcional do crânio de Tayassuidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) Hendges, Carla Deonisia Biomecânica Macroecologia Mandibula Morfometria geométrica Performance alimentar Regra de Bergmann Suiformes Variação clinal Variação morfológica Biomechanics Macroecology Mandible Geometric morphometrics Feeding performance Bergmann’s Rule Suiformes Clinal variation Morphological variation CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOQUIMICA |
title_short |
Variação ecogeográfica e funcional do crânio de Tayassuidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) |
title_full |
Variação ecogeográfica e funcional do crânio de Tayassuidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) |
title_fullStr |
Variação ecogeográfica e funcional do crânio de Tayassuidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Variação ecogeográfica e funcional do crânio de Tayassuidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) |
title_sort |
Variação ecogeográfica e funcional do crânio de Tayassuidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) |
author |
Hendges, Carla Deonisia |
author_facet |
Hendges, Carla Deonisia |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Cáceres, Nilton Carlos |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/1920880712756721 |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Calcaño, Eliécer Eduardo Gutiérrez |
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/1828278925405193 |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Fornel, Rodrigo |
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/9519038691227013 |
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv |
Galiano, Daniel |
dc.contributor.referee3Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2342973667776144 |
dc.contributor.referee4.fl_str_mv |
Monteiro, Leandro Rabello |
dc.contributor.referee4Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/4987216474124557 |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/5011193731546242 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Hendges, Carla Deonisia |
contributor_str_mv |
Cáceres, Nilton Carlos Calcaño, Eliécer Eduardo Gutiérrez Fornel, Rodrigo Galiano, Daniel Monteiro, Leandro Rabello |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Biomecânica Macroecologia Mandibula Morfometria geométrica Performance alimentar Regra de Bergmann Suiformes Variação clinal Variação morfológica |
topic |
Biomecânica Macroecologia Mandibula Morfometria geométrica Performance alimentar Regra de Bergmann Suiformes Variação clinal Variação morfológica Biomechanics Macroecology Mandible Geometric morphometrics Feeding performance Bergmann’s Rule Suiformes Clinal variation Morphological variation CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOQUIMICA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Biomechanics Macroecology Mandible Geometric morphometrics Feeding performance Bergmann’s Rule Suiformes Clinal variation Morphological variation |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOQUIMICA |
description |
Understanding the determining mechanisms and functional roles of phenotypic variation have been a central topic of ecogeography and evolution. Peccaries are excellent models for testing ecogeographical and functional hypotheses given the extensive geographic distributions ranging across both Northern and Southern hemispheres of two of the three living species as well the evolution of skull features that presuppose high biomechanical performance. In this thesis, we used geometric morphometrics procedures and univariate and multivariate analyses of variance to describe the geographical variation in skull shape and size of Pecari tajacu and Tayassu pecari and to test the influence of environmental, allometric and spatial factors. We also investigated if skull shape of the three living peccaries reflect their biomechanical attributes. In the first chapter, we obtained the skull shape for 294 specimens of both P. tajacu and T. pecari from 134 different localities in South America. Using Partial Least Squares and variation partitioning analysis we quantified the relationship between the skull shape and the environmental, spatial and allometric factors. Our results revealed patterns of geographical variation in skull shape of both species, but shape is more conservative in T. pecari. The environment explained most of this variation, while a weak allometric and spatial autocorrelation effect was found only in P. tajacu. In the second chapter, we tested the geographical variation in skull size of 426 specimens of both species from 174 different localities south of the equator and 83 in the north. We regressed the skull size against latitude. Effects of seasonal temperature, precipitation, and human influence including spatial autocorrelation structures were tested through Generalized Least Squares. Differences in size between sympatric and allopatric areas were explored with ANOVA models. We found a latitudinal pattern in skull size of peccaries, one inverse to Bergmann Rule. Size was positively associated with precipitation, offering support to resource availability as a major mechanism behind increases in lower latitudes, especially for T. pecari. Human influence affects negatively the size of peccaries in Southern hemisphere. The largely non-overlapping body-size distributions of the two species suggest that size differences may be necessary for sympatric overlap of these two peccaries. In chapter 3, combining geometric morphometrics and biomechanical analyses we obtained the skull shape and centroid size from 213 specimens of the three living peccary species and estimated bite force, bite stress at molars, bending and shear stress on the mandibular corpus, and condylar stress. We found that P. tajacu and T. pecari share craniomandibular shape traits (shorter and deeper mandibular corpora and wider muscle insertion areas) enabling them to apply stronger forces and resist stress and fractures from higher biomechanical demands than P. wagneri. In a broader sense, our results highlight the role of the environmental variation driving clinal variation in skull shape and size, especially the resource availability. The results also corroborate the hypothesis that shape closely reflects the biomechanical performance of species. |
publishDate |
2018 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2018-02-22 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2019-01-07T11:13:09Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2019-01-07T11:13:09Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/15221 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/15221 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
200800000002 |
dc.relation.confidence.fl_str_mv |
600 |
dc.relation.authority.fl_str_mv |
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dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas |
dc.publisher.program.fl_str_mv |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal |
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv |
UFSM |
dc.publisher.country.fl_str_mv |
Brasil |
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv |
Bioquímica |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM instname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) instacron:UFSM |
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Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
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UFSM |
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UFSM |
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM |
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM |
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repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
atendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.com |
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1801485243865104384 |