Água de abastecimento com elevada turbidez: eletrocoagulação/flotação como pré-tratamento em estações de tratamento de água
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2018 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/16329 |
Resumo: | Freshwater sources, surface (rivers, lakes) or groundwater, are generally used as resources for water supply. In order to the water to be distributed, treatments that aim at its ―safety‖ regarding aesthetic qualities, physical and chemical standards, as well as controlling diseases (biological standards), are necessary. Raw water, as a consequence of certain periods of the year, or even because of the presence of sediment or suspended solids in the source, may cause a significant increase in turbidity levels. Therefore, conventional treatment processes, such as coagulation and filtration, may be impeded, requiring pretreatment. Electrocoagulation/flotation is an electrochemical process, in which electrical energy is provided to the electrodes – making an electrolytical cell – with an anode (oxidation reactions) and cathode (reduction reactions), and these promote coagulation and flotation of particles, thus treating water. The main goal of this work was to evaluate the use of electrocoagulation/flotation as pretreatment of drinking water with different levels of turbidity, offering a pretreatment method for Water Treatment Plants. The electrocoagulation/flotation reactor was used in bench scale with aluminum electrodes in monopolar connection, operating in batch. Synthetic raw water with different turbidity ranges was simulated using different concentrations of sodium bentonite. Firstly, experimental design with DCCR 2³ effects test was performed and better operating conditions were defined for a DCCR 2², in which the best treatment condition (electric current 1.85 A, electrolysis time of 20 min and pH 9) was used for applicability in different turbidity.Turbidity removals were found to be satisfactory (about 99.00%) for high turbidity ranges (550 uT at 3500 uT) and the flotation removal mechanism was higher up to approximately 2600 uT, after which sedimentation prevailed. Trials after treatment could be fit as a class 1 freshwater, according to the CONAMA Resolution no. 357/05, because of its turbidity, TDS and chloride, requiring only the simple treatment for water supply, but taking into consideration the parameters evaluated in the potable water legislation. Thus, pretreatment by electrocoagulation/flotation may be indicated for water treatment plants, on account of its proved high efficiency in turbidity reduction. |
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2019-04-29T11:42:08Z2019-04-29T11:42:08Z2018-08-17http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/16329Freshwater sources, surface (rivers, lakes) or groundwater, are generally used as resources for water supply. In order to the water to be distributed, treatments that aim at its ―safety‖ regarding aesthetic qualities, physical and chemical standards, as well as controlling diseases (biological standards), are necessary. Raw water, as a consequence of certain periods of the year, or even because of the presence of sediment or suspended solids in the source, may cause a significant increase in turbidity levels. Therefore, conventional treatment processes, such as coagulation and filtration, may be impeded, requiring pretreatment. Electrocoagulation/flotation is an electrochemical process, in which electrical energy is provided to the electrodes – making an electrolytical cell – with an anode (oxidation reactions) and cathode (reduction reactions), and these promote coagulation and flotation of particles, thus treating water. The main goal of this work was to evaluate the use of electrocoagulation/flotation as pretreatment of drinking water with different levels of turbidity, offering a pretreatment method for Water Treatment Plants. The electrocoagulation/flotation reactor was used in bench scale with aluminum electrodes in monopolar connection, operating in batch. Synthetic raw water with different turbidity ranges was simulated using different concentrations of sodium bentonite. Firstly, experimental design with DCCR 2³ effects test was performed and better operating conditions were defined for a DCCR 2², in which the best treatment condition (electric current 1.85 A, electrolysis time of 20 min and pH 9) was used for applicability in different turbidity.Turbidity removals were found to be satisfactory (about 99.00%) for high turbidity ranges (550 uT at 3500 uT) and the flotation removal mechanism was higher up to approximately 2600 uT, after which sedimentation prevailed. Trials after treatment could be fit as a class 1 freshwater, according to the CONAMA Resolution no. 357/05, because of its turbidity, TDS and chloride, requiring only the simple treatment for water supply, but taking into consideration the parameters evaluated in the potable water legislation. Thus, pretreatment by electrocoagulation/flotation may be indicated for water treatment plants, on account of its proved high efficiency in turbidity reduction.Fontes de água doce, superficiais (rios, lagos) ou subsuperficiais, em geral, são utilizadas como mananciais para captação de água bruta de abastecimento público. Para que a água seja distribuída os tratamentos que visem a ―segurança‖ desta em relação as qualidades estéticas, à padrões físicos e químicos, bem como no controle de doenças (padrão biológico), são necessários. A água bruta, por consequência de determinados períodos do ano, ou mesmo pela presença de sedimentos ou sólidos em suspensão no manancial, podem ocasionar uma significativa elevação dos níveis de turbidez. Desta forma, os processos convencionais de tratamento podem ser inviabilizados, como a coagulação e a filtração, surgindo necessidade de pré-tratamento. A eletrocoagulação/flotação é um processo eletroquímico, onde a energia elétrica é fornecida aos eletrodos – constituindo uma célula eletrolítica – com ânodo (reações de oxidação) e cátodo (reações de redução) e estes promovem a coagulação e a flotação das partículas, fornecendo o tratamento à água. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em avaliar o uso de eletrocoagulação-flotação para o pré-tratamento de água de abastecimento com diferentes unidades de turbidez, propondo uma técnica de pré-tratamento em Estação de Tratamento de Água. O sistema de eletrocoagulação-flotação foi utilizado em escala de bancada com eletrodos de alumínio em conexão monopolar, operando em batelada. A água bruta sintética com diferentes faixas de turbidez foi simulada utilizando-se de diferentes concentrações de bentonita sódica. Primeiramente, foi realizado o planejamento experimental com teste de efeitos DCCR 2³ e definida melhores condições de operações para um DCCR 2², onde a melhor condição de tratamento (corrente elétrica 1,85 A, tempo de eletrólise de 20 min e pH 9) foi empregada para aplicabilidade em diferentes turbidez. Evidenciou-se que as remoções de turbidez obtidas foram satisfatórias (cerca de 99,00%), para faixas altas de turbidez (550 uT a 3500 uT) e o mecanismo de remoção por flotação foi superior até aproximadamente 2600 uT, após isso a sedimentação prevaleceu. Os ensaios após tratamento enquadram-se na classe 1 de águas doces segundo a Resolução CONAMA nº 357/05 devido aos parâmetros de turbidez, SDT e cloreto ficando dependente do tratamento simplificado para abastecimento de água, porém levando em consideração os parâmetros avaliados na legislação de potabilidade. Assim, o pré-tratamento por eletrocoagulação/flotação pode ser indicado para estações de tratamento de água pela eficiência constatada na redução de turbidez.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESporUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaCentro de TecnologiaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia CivilUFSMBrasilEngenharia CivilAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessRedução de turbidezEletrodos de alumínioPlanejamento experimentalTurbidity reductionAluminum electrodesExperimental designCNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA CIVILÁgua de abastecimento com elevada turbidez: eletrocoagulação/flotação como pré-tratamento em estações de tratamento de águaWater with high turbidity: electrocoagulation/flotation pretreatment in water treatment plantsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisCarissimi, Elvishttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4642912749433316Medeiros, Raphael Corrêahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2977594460581447Silva, William Leonardo dahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0051813511298422http://lattes.cnpq.br/9222533578329059Glusczak, Andressa Gabriela30010000000360025ff2f1f-cecc-4198-81f8-8ef68c467a106dcbbef6-ee84-4c4b-b4ac-b7806f403790a6db4d80-e295-4d7d-a1f3-ee73b7633929c887daa6-3a20-4d17-af97-8058cd406e5creponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSMORIGINALDIS_PPGEC_2018_GLUSCZAK_ANDRESSA.pdfDIS_PPGEC_2018_GLUSCZAK_ANDRESSA.pdfDissertação de Mestradoapplication/pdf2576876http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/16329/1/DIS_PPGEC_2018_GLUSCZAK_ANDRESSA.pdfa9c075ece2a32c9f536c4e3cc02dcd68MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; 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dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Água de abastecimento com elevada turbidez: eletrocoagulação/flotação como pré-tratamento em estações de tratamento de água |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Water with high turbidity: electrocoagulation/flotation pretreatment in water treatment plants |
title |
Água de abastecimento com elevada turbidez: eletrocoagulação/flotação como pré-tratamento em estações de tratamento de água |
spellingShingle |
Água de abastecimento com elevada turbidez: eletrocoagulação/flotação como pré-tratamento em estações de tratamento de água Glusczak, Andressa Gabriela Redução de turbidez Eletrodos de alumínio Planejamento experimental Turbidity reduction Aluminum electrodes Experimental design CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA CIVIL |
title_short |
Água de abastecimento com elevada turbidez: eletrocoagulação/flotação como pré-tratamento em estações de tratamento de água |
title_full |
Água de abastecimento com elevada turbidez: eletrocoagulação/flotação como pré-tratamento em estações de tratamento de água |
title_fullStr |
Água de abastecimento com elevada turbidez: eletrocoagulação/flotação como pré-tratamento em estações de tratamento de água |
title_full_unstemmed |
Água de abastecimento com elevada turbidez: eletrocoagulação/flotação como pré-tratamento em estações de tratamento de água |
title_sort |
Água de abastecimento com elevada turbidez: eletrocoagulação/flotação como pré-tratamento em estações de tratamento de água |
author |
Glusczak, Andressa Gabriela |
author_facet |
Glusczak, Andressa Gabriela |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Carissimi, Elvis |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/4642912749433316 |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Medeiros, Raphael Corrêa |
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2977594460581447 |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Silva, William Leonardo da |
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0051813511298422 |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/9222533578329059 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Glusczak, Andressa Gabriela |
contributor_str_mv |
Carissimi, Elvis Medeiros, Raphael Corrêa Silva, William Leonardo da |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Redução de turbidez Eletrodos de alumínio Planejamento experimental |
topic |
Redução de turbidez Eletrodos de alumínio Planejamento experimental Turbidity reduction Aluminum electrodes Experimental design CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA CIVIL |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Turbidity reduction Aluminum electrodes Experimental design |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA CIVIL |
description |
Freshwater sources, surface (rivers, lakes) or groundwater, are generally used as resources for water supply. In order to the water to be distributed, treatments that aim at its ―safety‖ regarding aesthetic qualities, physical and chemical standards, as well as controlling diseases (biological standards), are necessary. Raw water, as a consequence of certain periods of the year, or even because of the presence of sediment or suspended solids in the source, may cause a significant increase in turbidity levels. Therefore, conventional treatment processes, such as coagulation and filtration, may be impeded, requiring pretreatment. Electrocoagulation/flotation is an electrochemical process, in which electrical energy is provided to the electrodes – making an electrolytical cell – with an anode (oxidation reactions) and cathode (reduction reactions), and these promote coagulation and flotation of particles, thus treating water. The main goal of this work was to evaluate the use of electrocoagulation/flotation as pretreatment of drinking water with different levels of turbidity, offering a pretreatment method for Water Treatment Plants. The electrocoagulation/flotation reactor was used in bench scale with aluminum electrodes in monopolar connection, operating in batch. Synthetic raw water with different turbidity ranges was simulated using different concentrations of sodium bentonite. Firstly, experimental design with DCCR 2³ effects test was performed and better operating conditions were defined for a DCCR 2², in which the best treatment condition (electric current 1.85 A, electrolysis time of 20 min and pH 9) was used for applicability in different turbidity.Turbidity removals were found to be satisfactory (about 99.00%) for high turbidity ranges (550 uT at 3500 uT) and the flotation removal mechanism was higher up to approximately 2600 uT, after which sedimentation prevailed. Trials after treatment could be fit as a class 1 freshwater, according to the CONAMA Resolution no. 357/05, because of its turbidity, TDS and chloride, requiring only the simple treatment for water supply, but taking into consideration the parameters evaluated in the potable water legislation. Thus, pretreatment by electrocoagulation/flotation may be indicated for water treatment plants, on account of its proved high efficiency in turbidity reduction. |
publishDate |
2018 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2018-08-17 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2019-04-29T11:42:08Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2019-04-29T11:42:08Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/16329 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/16329 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
300100000003 |
dc.relation.confidence.fl_str_mv |
600 |
dc.relation.authority.fl_str_mv |
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dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Tecnologia |
dc.publisher.program.fl_str_mv |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil |
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv |
UFSM |
dc.publisher.country.fl_str_mv |
Brasil |
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv |
Engenharia Civil |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Tecnologia |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
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institution |
UFSM |
reponame_str |
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collection |
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