Nucleação como gatilho ecológico na restauração de áreas mineradas no Rio Grande do Sul

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Toso, Lucas Donato
Data de Publicação: 2018
Tipo de documento: Dissertação
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM
dARK ID: ark:/26339/001300000jkdb
Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/13817
Resumo: The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of nucleation techniques as an ecological restoration strategy in mined area, to determine the performance of these techniques as promoters of ecological triggers to initiate the processes of natural succession. Two nucleation techniques were evaluated: planting of native species in nuclei and brushwoods transposition, in a mining pit in Guaíba, RS. The nuclei were implanted in November 2014, when the seedlings were 12 months old, which were monitored semiannually until May 2017 when they were 42 months. The survival and growth rate of the dendrometric variables were evaluated. The brushwoods were implanted in August 2016 and monitored bimonthly until August 2017. The number of orders of fauna below, between and around the brushwoods was observed and recorded through non-destructive data collection method. Regarding planting in nuclei, the eight species analyzed had a survival rate above 80% at 42 months of age. Most species showed low growth, such as Bauhinia forficata, Casearia sylvestris, Cedrela fissilis, Cordia americana, Cupania vernalis and Parapiptadenia rigida, due to the limiting site and mechanical injuries caused by cattle. Schinus terebinthifolius and Mimosa bimucronata showed good development in relation to the analyzed variables. The species obtained a constant growth and were more adapted to the area. Mimosa bimucronata presented a significant growth in crown area, demonstrating nucleator character when aggregating herbaceous and shrub species below its broad crown. The nuclei, in general, were not efficient, but Mimosa bimucronata is a positive result of species that can serve as ecological trigger to drive succession in the area. In relation to the brushwood, 24 orders, among insects, arachnids, amphibians, reptiles, mollusks, oligochaetes and diplops, mostly belonging to the macro and mesofauna of the soil, were found. Anura, Araneae, Hymenoptera and Isóptera were the orders with the highest absolute frequency. There was an increase in the number of taxonomic units found at each survey, with a significant difference in the number of orders recorded per galleries from the fifth survey. In one year of monitoring, there was a gradual increase in the occurrence of groups of fauna associated with brushwood. These groups play important roles in soil restructuring and in the cycling of nutrients resulting from the decomposition of plant material, in addition to promoting the complexity of the food chains. Both techniques promoted ecological triggers for increased interactions and acceleration of the succession process, which has advanced in two and a half years since its implantation.
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spelling Nucleação como gatilho ecológico na restauração de áreas mineradas no Rio Grande do SulEcological restoration in area degraded by mining activity in the municipality of Eldorado do Sul-RSPlantio em núcleosTransposição de galhariaSucessão ecológicaMineraçãoPlanting in nucleiBrushwood transpositionEcological restorationMiningCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLAThe present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of nucleation techniques as an ecological restoration strategy in mined area, to determine the performance of these techniques as promoters of ecological triggers to initiate the processes of natural succession. Two nucleation techniques were evaluated: planting of native species in nuclei and brushwoods transposition, in a mining pit in Guaíba, RS. The nuclei were implanted in November 2014, when the seedlings were 12 months old, which were monitored semiannually until May 2017 when they were 42 months. The survival and growth rate of the dendrometric variables were evaluated. The brushwoods were implanted in August 2016 and monitored bimonthly until August 2017. The number of orders of fauna below, between and around the brushwoods was observed and recorded through non-destructive data collection method. Regarding planting in nuclei, the eight species analyzed had a survival rate above 80% at 42 months of age. Most species showed low growth, such as Bauhinia forficata, Casearia sylvestris, Cedrela fissilis, Cordia americana, Cupania vernalis and Parapiptadenia rigida, due to the limiting site and mechanical injuries caused by cattle. Schinus terebinthifolius and Mimosa bimucronata showed good development in relation to the analyzed variables. The species obtained a constant growth and were more adapted to the area. Mimosa bimucronata presented a significant growth in crown area, demonstrating nucleator character when aggregating herbaceous and shrub species below its broad crown. The nuclei, in general, were not efficient, but Mimosa bimucronata is a positive result of species that can serve as ecological trigger to drive succession in the area. In relation to the brushwood, 24 orders, among insects, arachnids, amphibians, reptiles, mollusks, oligochaetes and diplops, mostly belonging to the macro and mesofauna of the soil, were found. Anura, Araneae, Hymenoptera and Isóptera were the orders with the highest absolute frequency. There was an increase in the number of taxonomic units found at each survey, with a significant difference in the number of orders recorded per galleries from the fifth survey. In one year of monitoring, there was a gradual increase in the occurrence of groups of fauna associated with brushwood. These groups play important roles in soil restructuring and in the cycling of nutrients resulting from the decomposition of plant material, in addition to promoting the complexity of the food chains. Both techniques promoted ecological triggers for increased interactions and acceleration of the succession process, which has advanced in two and a half years since its implantation.O presente estudo teve como objetivos determinar a eficácia de técnicas de nucleação como estratégia de restauração ecológica em área minerada, a fim de demonstrar a atuação dessas técnicas como promotoras de gatilhos ecológicos para desencadear os processos de sucessão natural. Foram avaliadas duas técnicas de nucleação: plantios de espécies nativas em núcleos e transposição de galharias, em uma cava de mineração de argila em Guaíba, RS. Os núcleos foram implantados em novembro de 2014, quando as mudas tinhas 12 meses de idade, as quais foram monitoradas semestralmente até maio de 2017 quando tinham 42 meses de idade. Foram avaliados a taxa de sobrevivência e crescimento das variáveis dendrométricas. As galharias foram implantadas em agosto de 2016 e monitoradas bimestralmente até agosto de 2017. Foi observado e registrado o número de ordens da fauna abaixo, entre e ao redor da galharia através de método de coleta dos dados não destrutivo. Em relação ao plantio em núcleos, as oito espécies analisadas obtiveram taxa de sobrevivência acima dos 80% aos 42 meses de idade. A maioria das espécies apresentou baixo crescimento, como Bauhinia forficata, Casearia sylvestris, Cedrela fissilis, Cordia americana, Cupania vernalis e Parapiptadenia rigida, devido ao sitio limitante e injurias mecânicas causadas pelo gado. Schinus terebinthifolius e Mimosa bimucronata tiveram bom desenvolvimento em relação às variáveis analisadas, obtiveram constante crescimento e mostraram-se mais adaptadas ao local. Mimosa bimucronata apresentou um crescimento significativo em área de copa demonstrando caráter nucleador ao agregar espécies herbáceas e arbustivas abaixo de sua ampla copa. Os núcleos, em geral, não se apresentaram eficientes, porém Mimosa bimucronata é um resultado positivo de espécie que pode servir de gatilho ecológico para impulsionar a sucessão na área. Em relação às galharias, foram encontradas 24 ordens, dentre insetos, aracnídeos, anfíbios, répteis, moluscos, oligoquetos e diplópodes, pertencentes em sua maioria à macro e mesofauna do solo. As ordens com maior frequência absoluta foram Anura, Araneae, Hymenoptera e Isoptera. Houve aumento no número de unidades taxonômicas encontradas a cada levantamento, havendo diferença significativa no número de ordens registradas por galharia a partir do quinto levantamento. Em um ano de monitoramento houve um aumento gradual na ocorrência de grupos da fauna associados às galharias. Esses grupos desempenham papéis importantes na reestruturação do solo e na ciclagem de nutrientes oriundos da decomposição do material vegetal, além de favorecerem a complexificação das cadeias tróficas. Ambas as técnicas promoveram gatilhos ecológicos para o aumento de interações e a aceleração do processo de sucessão, o qual avançou em dois anos e meio desde a implantação.Universidade Federal de Santa MariaBrasilEngenharia AgrícolaUFSMPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia AgrícolaCentro de Ciências RuraisRovedder, Ana Paula Moreirahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5274469660466638Miura, Adalberto Koitihttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1507090607535765Toso, Lucas Donato2018-07-17T18:00:31Z2018-07-17T18:00:31Z2018-03-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/13817ark:/26339/001300000jkdbporAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSM2018-07-17T18:00:32Zoai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/13817Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/ONGhttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestatendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.comopendoar:2024-07-29T10:42:09.744961Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Nucleação como gatilho ecológico na restauração de áreas mineradas no Rio Grande do Sul
Ecological restoration in area degraded by mining activity in the municipality of Eldorado do Sul-RS
title Nucleação como gatilho ecológico na restauração de áreas mineradas no Rio Grande do Sul
spellingShingle Nucleação como gatilho ecológico na restauração de áreas mineradas no Rio Grande do Sul
Toso, Lucas Donato
Plantio em núcleos
Transposição de galharia
Sucessão ecológica
Mineração
Planting in nuclei
Brushwood transposition
Ecological restoration
Mining
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA
title_short Nucleação como gatilho ecológico na restauração de áreas mineradas no Rio Grande do Sul
title_full Nucleação como gatilho ecológico na restauração de áreas mineradas no Rio Grande do Sul
title_fullStr Nucleação como gatilho ecológico na restauração de áreas mineradas no Rio Grande do Sul
title_full_unstemmed Nucleação como gatilho ecológico na restauração de áreas mineradas no Rio Grande do Sul
title_sort Nucleação como gatilho ecológico na restauração de áreas mineradas no Rio Grande do Sul
author Toso, Lucas Donato
author_facet Toso, Lucas Donato
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Rovedder, Ana Paula Moreira
http://lattes.cnpq.br/5274469660466638
Miura, Adalberto Koiti
http://lattes.cnpq.br/1507090607535765
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Toso, Lucas Donato
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Plantio em núcleos
Transposição de galharia
Sucessão ecológica
Mineração
Planting in nuclei
Brushwood transposition
Ecological restoration
Mining
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA
topic Plantio em núcleos
Transposição de galharia
Sucessão ecológica
Mineração
Planting in nuclei
Brushwood transposition
Ecological restoration
Mining
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA
description The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of nucleation techniques as an ecological restoration strategy in mined area, to determine the performance of these techniques as promoters of ecological triggers to initiate the processes of natural succession. Two nucleation techniques were evaluated: planting of native species in nuclei and brushwoods transposition, in a mining pit in Guaíba, RS. The nuclei were implanted in November 2014, when the seedlings were 12 months old, which were monitored semiannually until May 2017 when they were 42 months. The survival and growth rate of the dendrometric variables were evaluated. The brushwoods were implanted in August 2016 and monitored bimonthly until August 2017. The number of orders of fauna below, between and around the brushwoods was observed and recorded through non-destructive data collection method. Regarding planting in nuclei, the eight species analyzed had a survival rate above 80% at 42 months of age. Most species showed low growth, such as Bauhinia forficata, Casearia sylvestris, Cedrela fissilis, Cordia americana, Cupania vernalis and Parapiptadenia rigida, due to the limiting site and mechanical injuries caused by cattle. Schinus terebinthifolius and Mimosa bimucronata showed good development in relation to the analyzed variables. The species obtained a constant growth and were more adapted to the area. Mimosa bimucronata presented a significant growth in crown area, demonstrating nucleator character when aggregating herbaceous and shrub species below its broad crown. The nuclei, in general, were not efficient, but Mimosa bimucronata is a positive result of species that can serve as ecological trigger to drive succession in the area. In relation to the brushwood, 24 orders, among insects, arachnids, amphibians, reptiles, mollusks, oligochaetes and diplops, mostly belonging to the macro and mesofauna of the soil, were found. Anura, Araneae, Hymenoptera and Isóptera were the orders with the highest absolute frequency. There was an increase in the number of taxonomic units found at each survey, with a significant difference in the number of orders recorded per galleries from the fifth survey. In one year of monitoring, there was a gradual increase in the occurrence of groups of fauna associated with brushwood. These groups play important roles in soil restructuring and in the cycling of nutrients resulting from the decomposition of plant material, in addition to promoting the complexity of the food chains. Both techniques promoted ecological triggers for increased interactions and acceleration of the succession process, which has advanced in two and a half years since its implantation.
publishDate 2018
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2018-07-17T18:00:31Z
2018-07-17T18:00:31Z
2018-03-01
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
format masterThesis
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/13817
dc.identifier.dark.fl_str_mv ark:/26339/001300000jkdb
url http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/13817
identifier_str_mv ark:/26339/001300000jkdb
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv por
language por
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Brasil
Engenharia Agrícola
UFSM
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola
Centro de Ciências Rurais
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Brasil
Engenharia Agrícola
UFSM
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola
Centro de Ciências Rurais
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM
instname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)
instacron:UFSM
instname_str Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)
instacron_str UFSM
institution UFSM
reponame_str Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM
collection Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM
repository.name.fl_str_mv Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv atendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.com
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