Viabilidade da produção de biogás a partir de dejetos animais

• Autor(a) principal: Antunes, Maurício Zanon
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM
• dARK ID: ark:/26339/0013000001rr6
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/19191
• topic: Sustentabilidade; Biodigestor anaeróbio; Dejetos; Metanização; Resíduos sólidos; Sustainability; Anaerobic digester; Animal waste; Methanization; Solid waste; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA MECANICA

Promoting proper management of waste and effluents generated in production processes is one of the main challenges of today's society. Among the various types of waste and effluents generated, organic material compounds, when not properly treated, become a potential source of soil and water body contamination, vector proliferation and diseases that generate bad odors and gas emissions harmful and greenhouse gases. In this sense, methanization, or anaerobic digestion, is a process with wide applicability for the conversion of waste and effluents used in biogas and biofertilizer, associated with the appropriate treatment for renewable energy generation. The implementation of biodigesters for biogas production can be configured as a viable alternative and assist in the production and consumption cycle, promoting a return of waste and effluents used in the production chain, increasing the sustainability of agroindustrial processes. Biodigesters allow the waste to be treated and transformed into biogas and can later be used in energy production systems, the remaining matter can be converted into biofertilizer and used in crops, contributing to the reduction of the use of chemical fertilizers. Thus, the present work aims to evaluate the potential of cattle and swine manure in biogas generation through anaerobic digestion. For this, a survey was conducted, based on a literature review, of the economic and environmental benefits of production, as well as quantifying the production potential of biogas. From this information, the objective of the present study was to design a biogas production system from animal waste biomass through anaerobic digestion. The biodigester model was developed at the UFSM campus in Cachoeira do Sul. These models evaluated biogas production in the different biomass. There was a reduction of 36.32% and 3.98% of total solids in swine and bovine biomass, respectively. This solids reduction is directly related to the biogas productivity generated in the biodigesters. The lower production of biogas from cattle manure may be related to several factors, such as environmental conditions, humidity and biomass constitution. From this, an Indian model swine manure biodigester was designed for its use in thermal conversion.