Estudo, modelagem e controle de uma micro central hidrelétrica com utilização de gerador de indução auto-excitado

• Autor(a) principal: Scherer, Lucas Giuliani
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8503
• topic: Gerador de indução; Micro central hidrelétrica; Controle de tensão e frequência; Induction generator; Micro hydroelectric power generation unit; Voltage and frequency control; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA ELETRICA

In the last decade there has been a significant increase in interest in microgeneration technologies for electric power. Sources of hydraulic power generation, wind and solar technologies represent some of the important developments that have had arising from the research efforts aimed at this area of power generation. The reason for this interest is due to the consolidation of what is called future in terms of power generation, which is based on decentralization of power generation through interconnected centers of small generators / consumers. At distribution level, distributed generation sources, together with the loads connected to its bus, forms what is defined as a microgrid. Depending on the instantaneous load and installed generation capacity, a microgrid can behave as a point of consumption or generation of energy at different times, being able to operate also connected to the network or islanded form according to the quality energy supplied or need in case of system failure. Among the technologies of microgeneration, micro hydro power plants with selfexcited induction generators (SEIG) came to represent an excellent option for electricity generation in isolated areas, mainly due to its characteristics of robustness and low cost, compared to synchronous machines. It is an alternative to the use of synchronous generators in low-power systems powered by small hydroelectric plants, rich in our country. In this sense, this Master's thesis deals with the modeling and control of a micro hydro power plant with SEIG with frequency and voltage control. The frequency control is achieved by controlling the opening of the feeding system of the turbine while the voltage control is performed through the control of reactive power of the set, using for this a Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) inverter. 10 Based on these definitions and knowledge acquired, it was proposed a system to be implemented experimentally, consisting of a micro hydro power plant, in this case a motor driven by a voltage PWM inverter, emulating the behavior of a turbine coupled to the induction generator. The terminals of the SEIG feed a bus where loads with different characteristics are connected, featuring a microgrid, having as main goal the control of the voltage and frequency stability of the energy supplied by the generator to the isolated system. Among the studies developed for the implementation of the prototype is possible to highlight: three-phase system modeling, hydraulic system modeling, voltage and frequency control, and synchronization method. Throughout this paper, simulations and experimental results are presented in order to be demonstrated the applicability of control methods, their performance and technical feasibility of the system.