Resíduos da indústria ervateira: caracterização e produção de briquetes e compósitos
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2020 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/19762 |
Resumo: | This study aimed to evaluate the chemical characterization of mate tea residues, evaluating the properties of your extract, then making briquettes and plastic-wood composites. To do so, samples of two yerbamate residues, with and without bark, were ground in Willey type mil and classified into vibratory sieves, giving rise to the 40/60mesh fraction, which was used to quantify the contents of ash, total extractives, Klason lignin, holocellulose, alpha-cellulose, hemicellulose, condensed tannins, total phenolics and antioxidant activity, all analyses were performed in triplicate. For the manufacture of briquettes, laboratory briquettes machine were used, using 50g fraction for each briquette, which were heated to 110ºC and pressed for 5min under pressure of 100bar, with cooling time of 10 minutes. Analysis of apparent and energetic density, upper, lower and useful calorific value, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and also fixed carbon and volatile materials were performed. For the manufacture of composites, two concentrations of sawdust (40/60mesh) were used more high density polyethylene (HDPE) 75/25% and 50/50% respectively and also a third with 100% HDPE (control). Of these, physical properties (moisture content, dimensional stability, hygroscopicity) were analyzed, and mechanical (Janka hardness) followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of the chemical analysis for mate tea residues, with bark (EM1) and without bark (EM2), presented ash contents (3.78 and 3.56%), total extractives (20.38 and 18.53%), Klason lignin content (16.37 and 16.24%), holocellulose (64.35 and 66.56%) and alpha-cellulose (30.76 and 31.42%) respectively. For characterization of EM1 and EM1 extract, was obtained: phenolic compounds (1,409 and 1,067 mgGAE/g), antioxidant activity (93,5 and 93,1 % inhibition) and condensed tannins (0,059 and 0,028 mgCE/g) respectively. In the briquettes, apparent density values were obtained from 1540.29 to 1560.68 Kg/m³, energetic density from 6110.67 to 6191.56 Mcal/m³, static resistance 800 to 1253 Kgf. For combustion analyses, we have superior calorific (residues with and without bark) with 4622 and 4635 Kcal/kg, lower with 4251 and 4264 Kcal/kg, and useful with 3967 and 3963 Kcal/kg, respectively. In volatile materials, the percentage for EM1 waste was 75.85 and 77.38% for EM2 and fixed carbon with 20.36% for EM1 and 19.05% for EM2. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that mass losses began at 51ºC and, and thermal degradation began at 270 to 275ºC, with maximum peak at 380 to 385ºC. Composites obtained an average moisture content (TU) of 1.5%, indicating that when the homogenization of the residue plus HDPE was performed, the moisture content reduced about 4.5%, taking into account the TU of the residues (6%). The dimensional stability (ASE), water absorption (AA), water absorption rate (TAA) and Janka hardness were satisfactory in both concentrations of residue plus HDPE, however, better results were found in composites containing 75% of HDPE. In the same way as the results for the previous variables, the SEM micrographs showed that from the addition of a greater amount of HDPE (75%), there is greater homogenization of the pieces, attributed to the fact that in the homogenization and pressing process there is a high heating of the particles, thus forming more uniform surfaces and more regular interiors. In general, from the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that EM1 and EM2 mate tea waste have a high potential for new technologies and can be used both in the manufacture of plasticwood composites and in energy generation through briquetting. |
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Resíduos da indústria ervateira: caracterização e produção de briquetes e compósitosWaste from the mate industry: characterization and production of briquettes and compositesIlex paraguariensisBioenergiaCompósitos plástico-madeiraBioenergyWood-plastic compositesCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTALThis study aimed to evaluate the chemical characterization of mate tea residues, evaluating the properties of your extract, then making briquettes and plastic-wood composites. To do so, samples of two yerbamate residues, with and without bark, were ground in Willey type mil and classified into vibratory sieves, giving rise to the 40/60mesh fraction, which was used to quantify the contents of ash, total extractives, Klason lignin, holocellulose, alpha-cellulose, hemicellulose, condensed tannins, total phenolics and antioxidant activity, all analyses were performed in triplicate. For the manufacture of briquettes, laboratory briquettes machine were used, using 50g fraction for each briquette, which were heated to 110ºC and pressed for 5min under pressure of 100bar, with cooling time of 10 minutes. Analysis of apparent and energetic density, upper, lower and useful calorific value, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and also fixed carbon and volatile materials were performed. For the manufacture of composites, two concentrations of sawdust (40/60mesh) were used more high density polyethylene (HDPE) 75/25% and 50/50% respectively and also a third with 100% HDPE (control). Of these, physical properties (moisture content, dimensional stability, hygroscopicity) were analyzed, and mechanical (Janka hardness) followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of the chemical analysis for mate tea residues, with bark (EM1) and without bark (EM2), presented ash contents (3.78 and 3.56%), total extractives (20.38 and 18.53%), Klason lignin content (16.37 and 16.24%), holocellulose (64.35 and 66.56%) and alpha-cellulose (30.76 and 31.42%) respectively. For characterization of EM1 and EM1 extract, was obtained: phenolic compounds (1,409 and 1,067 mgGAE/g), antioxidant activity (93,5 and 93,1 % inhibition) and condensed tannins (0,059 and 0,028 mgCE/g) respectively. In the briquettes, apparent density values were obtained from 1540.29 to 1560.68 Kg/m³, energetic density from 6110.67 to 6191.56 Mcal/m³, static resistance 800 to 1253 Kgf. For combustion analyses, we have superior calorific (residues with and without bark) with 4622 and 4635 Kcal/kg, lower with 4251 and 4264 Kcal/kg, and useful with 3967 and 3963 Kcal/kg, respectively. In volatile materials, the percentage for EM1 waste was 75.85 and 77.38% for EM2 and fixed carbon with 20.36% for EM1 and 19.05% for EM2. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that mass losses began at 51ºC and, and thermal degradation began at 270 to 275ºC, with maximum peak at 380 to 385ºC. Composites obtained an average moisture content (TU) of 1.5%, indicating that when the homogenization of the residue plus HDPE was performed, the moisture content reduced about 4.5%, taking into account the TU of the residues (6%). The dimensional stability (ASE), water absorption (AA), water absorption rate (TAA) and Janka hardness were satisfactory in both concentrations of residue plus HDPE, however, better results were found in composites containing 75% of HDPE. In the same way as the results for the previous variables, the SEM micrographs showed that from the addition of a greater amount of HDPE (75%), there is greater homogenization of the pieces, attributed to the fact that in the homogenization and pressing process there is a high heating of the particles, thus forming more uniform surfaces and more regular interiors. In general, from the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that EM1 and EM2 mate tea waste have a high potential for new technologies and can be used both in the manufacture of plasticwood composites and in energy generation through briquetting.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESO presente estudo objetivou avaliar a caracterização química dos resíduos de erva-mate, avaliando as propriedades do seu extrato, a confecção de briquetes e compósitos plástico-madeira. Para tal, amostras de dois resíduos de erva-mate, com casca e sem casca, foram moídos em moinho tipo Willey e classificados em peneiras vibratórias, originando a fração 40/60mesh, que foi utilizada para quantificação dos teores de cinzas, extrativos totais, lignina Klason, holocelulose, alfa-celulose, hemicelulose, taninos condensados, fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante, todas análises foram realizadas em triplicada. Para confecção dos briquetes, foi utilizada briquetadeira laboratorial, utilizando 50g de fração para cada briquete, que foram aquecidos a temperatura de 110ºC e prensados por 5min, sob pressão de 100bar, com tempo de resfriamento de 10 minutos. Foram realizadas as análises de densidade aparente e energética, poder calorifico superior, inferior e útil, análise termogravimétrica (TGA) e também carbono fixo e materiais voláteis. Para fabricação dos compósitos, foram utilizadas duas granulometrias da serragem (40/60mesh) mais polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD) 75/25% e 50/50% respectivamente e também um terceiro com 100% PEAD. Dos mesmos, foram analisadas as propriedades físicas (teor de umidade, estabilidade dimensional, higroscopicidade) e mecânica (dureza Janka) seguidas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os resultados da análise química referente aos resíduos de erva-mate, com casca (EM1) e sem casca (EM2), apresentaram teores de cinzas (3,78 e 3,56%), extrativos totais (20,38 e 18,53%), teor de lignina Klason (16,37 e 16,24%), holocelulose (64,35 e 66,56%) e alfa-celulose (30,76 e 31,42%) respectivamente. Para caracterização do extrato EM1 e EM1, foi obtido: compostos fenólicos (1,409 e 1,067 mgGAE/g), atividade antioxidante (93,5 e 93,1 %inibição) e taninos condensados (0,059 e 0,028 mgCE/g) respectivamente. Nos briquetes, foram obtidos valores de densidade aparente de 1540,29 a 1560,68 Kg/m³, densidade energética de 6110,67 a 6191,56 Mcal/m³, resistência estática 800 a 1253 Kgf. Para as análises de combustão, temos poder calorífico (resíduos com e sem casca) superior com 4622 e 4635 Kcal/kg, inferior com 4251 e 4264 Kcal/kg, e útil com 3967 e 3963 Kcal/kg, respectivamente. Em materiais voláteis, o percentual para resíduo EM1 foi de 75,85 e 77,38% para EM2 e carbono fixo com 20,36% para EM1 e 19,05% em EM2. A análise termogravimétrica demonstrou que as perdas de massa começaram à partir dos 51ºC e, e início de degradação térmica entre 270 a 275°C, com pico máximo nos 380 a 385°C. Os compósitos obtiveram teor de umidade (TU) médio de 1,5%, indicando que ao ser realizada a homogeneização do resíduo mais PEAD, o teor de umidade reduziu cerca de 4,5%, levando em consideração o TU dos resíduos (6%). A estabilidade dimensional (ASE), absorção em água (AA), taxa de absorção em água (TAA) e dureza Janka foram satisfatórias em ambas as concentrações de resíduo mais PEAD, entretanto, melhores resultados foram encontrados nos compósitos contendo 75% de PEAD. Da mesma forma que os resultados para as variáveis anteriores, as micrografias de MEV demonstraram que a partir da adição de maior quantidade de PEAD (75%), há maior homogeneização das peças, atribuído ao fato de que no processo de homogeneização e prensagem há um elevado aquecimento das partículas, formando assim superfícies mais uniformes e interiores mais regulares. De modo geral, a partir dos resultados obtidos no presente estudo, conclui-se que os resíduos EM1 e EM2 de erva-mate apresentam elevado potencial para a confecção de novos tecnologias, podendo serem utilizadas tanto na confecção de compósitos plástico-madeira quanto na geração de energia, através da briquetagem.Universidade Federal de Santa MariaBrasilRecursos Florestais e Engenharia FlorestalUFSMPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia FlorestalCentro de Ciências RuraisGatto, Darci Albertohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0592339091520248Heinzmann, Berta Mariahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0786124562427815Modes, Karina Soareshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2960343855632512Rosa, Rossana Cortelini da2020-03-06T19:20:01Z2020-03-06T19:20:01Z2020-02-11info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/19762porAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSM2020-03-07T06:01:41Zoai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/19762Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/ONGhttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestatendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.comopendoar:2020-03-07T06:01:41Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Resíduos da indústria ervateira: caracterização e produção de briquetes e compósitos Waste from the mate industry: characterization and production of briquettes and composites |
title |
Resíduos da indústria ervateira: caracterização e produção de briquetes e compósitos |
spellingShingle |
Resíduos da indústria ervateira: caracterização e produção de briquetes e compósitos Rosa, Rossana Cortelini da Ilex paraguariensis Bioenergia Compósitos plástico-madeira Bioenergy Wood-plastic composites CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL |
title_short |
Resíduos da indústria ervateira: caracterização e produção de briquetes e compósitos |
title_full |
Resíduos da indústria ervateira: caracterização e produção de briquetes e compósitos |
title_fullStr |
Resíduos da indústria ervateira: caracterização e produção de briquetes e compósitos |
title_full_unstemmed |
Resíduos da indústria ervateira: caracterização e produção de briquetes e compósitos |
title_sort |
Resíduos da indústria ervateira: caracterização e produção de briquetes e compósitos |
author |
Rosa, Rossana Cortelini da |
author_facet |
Rosa, Rossana Cortelini da |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Gatto, Darci Alberto http://lattes.cnpq.br/0592339091520248 Heinzmann, Berta Maria http://lattes.cnpq.br/0786124562427815 Modes, Karina Soares http://lattes.cnpq.br/2960343855632512 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Rosa, Rossana Cortelini da |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Ilex paraguariensis Bioenergia Compósitos plástico-madeira Bioenergy Wood-plastic composites CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL |
topic |
Ilex paraguariensis Bioenergia Compósitos plástico-madeira Bioenergy Wood-plastic composites CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL |
description |
This study aimed to evaluate the chemical characterization of mate tea residues, evaluating the properties of your extract, then making briquettes and plastic-wood composites. To do so, samples of two yerbamate residues, with and without bark, were ground in Willey type mil and classified into vibratory sieves, giving rise to the 40/60mesh fraction, which was used to quantify the contents of ash, total extractives, Klason lignin, holocellulose, alpha-cellulose, hemicellulose, condensed tannins, total phenolics and antioxidant activity, all analyses were performed in triplicate. For the manufacture of briquettes, laboratory briquettes machine were used, using 50g fraction for each briquette, which were heated to 110ºC and pressed for 5min under pressure of 100bar, with cooling time of 10 minutes. Analysis of apparent and energetic density, upper, lower and useful calorific value, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and also fixed carbon and volatile materials were performed. For the manufacture of composites, two concentrations of sawdust (40/60mesh) were used more high density polyethylene (HDPE) 75/25% and 50/50% respectively and also a third with 100% HDPE (control). Of these, physical properties (moisture content, dimensional stability, hygroscopicity) were analyzed, and mechanical (Janka hardness) followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of the chemical analysis for mate tea residues, with bark (EM1) and without bark (EM2), presented ash contents (3.78 and 3.56%), total extractives (20.38 and 18.53%), Klason lignin content (16.37 and 16.24%), holocellulose (64.35 and 66.56%) and alpha-cellulose (30.76 and 31.42%) respectively. For characterization of EM1 and EM1 extract, was obtained: phenolic compounds (1,409 and 1,067 mgGAE/g), antioxidant activity (93,5 and 93,1 % inhibition) and condensed tannins (0,059 and 0,028 mgCE/g) respectively. In the briquettes, apparent density values were obtained from 1540.29 to 1560.68 Kg/m³, energetic density from 6110.67 to 6191.56 Mcal/m³, static resistance 800 to 1253 Kgf. For combustion analyses, we have superior calorific (residues with and without bark) with 4622 and 4635 Kcal/kg, lower with 4251 and 4264 Kcal/kg, and useful with 3967 and 3963 Kcal/kg, respectively. In volatile materials, the percentage for EM1 waste was 75.85 and 77.38% for EM2 and fixed carbon with 20.36% for EM1 and 19.05% for EM2. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that mass losses began at 51ºC and, and thermal degradation began at 270 to 275ºC, with maximum peak at 380 to 385ºC. Composites obtained an average moisture content (TU) of 1.5%, indicating that when the homogenization of the residue plus HDPE was performed, the moisture content reduced about 4.5%, taking into account the TU of the residues (6%). The dimensional stability (ASE), water absorption (AA), water absorption rate (TAA) and Janka hardness were satisfactory in both concentrations of residue plus HDPE, however, better results were found in composites containing 75% of HDPE. In the same way as the results for the previous variables, the SEM micrographs showed that from the addition of a greater amount of HDPE (75%), there is greater homogenization of the pieces, attributed to the fact that in the homogenization and pressing process there is a high heating of the particles, thus forming more uniform surfaces and more regular interiors. In general, from the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that EM1 and EM2 mate tea waste have a high potential for new technologies and can be used both in the manufacture of plasticwood composites and in energy generation through briquetting. |
publishDate |
2020 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-03-06T19:20:01Z 2020-03-06T19:20:01Z 2020-02-11 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/19762 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/19762 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Recursos Florestais e Engenharia Florestal UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal Centro de Ciências Rurais |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Recursos Florestais e Engenharia Florestal UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal Centro de Ciências Rurais |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM instname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) instacron:UFSM |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
instacron_str |
UFSM |
institution |
UFSM |
reponame_str |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
collection |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
atendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.com |
_version_ |
1805922120336670720 |