Paleoneurologia de antifer (mammalia: cervidae), um cervídeo extinto da América do Sul
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/21576 |
Resumo: | Terrestrial Cetartiodactyla arose in North America and Europe during the early Eocene and diversified, giving rise, among others, to the clade Ruminantia, which includes Cervidae. Cervidae is divided into Cervinae, European and Asian deer, and Capreolinae, the American deer. The formation of the Isthmus of Panama (late Pliocene) enabled the biotic interchange between the continents of North and Central Americas, and South America (Great American Biotic Interchange), where the Cervidae radiated quickly after their arrival. Paleoneurology is a branch of paleontology that is dedicated to the study of neurological evolution through time. Using computed tomography techniques, it is possible to access the endocranial morphology of extinct species. Here, we studied the brain endocast of the extinct late Pleistocene cervid Antifer ensenadensis from southern Brazil, one of the largest forms that lived on this continent. Comparative morphology, geometric morphometrics, and encephalization quotients were employed to compare this extinct species with other American and Eurasian forms. For this purpose, specimens from the Touro Passo Formation (Upper Pleistocene), southern Brazil, were scanned, and virtual models of the endocranial cavity were generated. The analyzed endocasts demonstrate that A. ensenadensis had a gyrencephalic brain, showing a prominent longitudinal sinus (=sagittal superior sinus), which is also observed in the large South American cervid Blastocerus dichotomus. Also, the endocast is anteroposteriorly elongated and rhomboid in shape. The geometric morphometric analysis suggested a clear and linear allometric trend between brain endocast size and shape and highlights A. ensenadensis as an extreme form within the analyzed cervids regarding brain morphology. The encephalization coefficient of A. ensenadensis (0.68, Jerison, 1973; 0.63, Eisenberg, 1981) is within the range of extant cervids (0.64 - 1, Jerison, 1973; 0.60 - 1.06, Eisenberg, 1981) - suggesting that the pattern of encephalization of South American forms was already established at least since the end of the Pleistocene. |
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Paleoneurologia de antifer (mammalia: cervidae), um cervídeo extinto da América do SulVirtual brain endocast of antifer (mammalia: cervidae), an extinct large cervid from South AmericaAlometriaMolde endocranianoEndocrânioPleistoceno finalOdocoileiniAllometryEndocastEndocraniumLate PleistoceneCNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICASTerrestrial Cetartiodactyla arose in North America and Europe during the early Eocene and diversified, giving rise, among others, to the clade Ruminantia, which includes Cervidae. Cervidae is divided into Cervinae, European and Asian deer, and Capreolinae, the American deer. The formation of the Isthmus of Panama (late Pliocene) enabled the biotic interchange between the continents of North and Central Americas, and South America (Great American Biotic Interchange), where the Cervidae radiated quickly after their arrival. Paleoneurology is a branch of paleontology that is dedicated to the study of neurological evolution through time. Using computed tomography techniques, it is possible to access the endocranial morphology of extinct species. Here, we studied the brain endocast of the extinct late Pleistocene cervid Antifer ensenadensis from southern Brazil, one of the largest forms that lived on this continent. Comparative morphology, geometric morphometrics, and encephalization quotients were employed to compare this extinct species with other American and Eurasian forms. For this purpose, specimens from the Touro Passo Formation (Upper Pleistocene), southern Brazil, were scanned, and virtual models of the endocranial cavity were generated. The analyzed endocasts demonstrate that A. ensenadensis had a gyrencephalic brain, showing a prominent longitudinal sinus (=sagittal superior sinus), which is also observed in the large South American cervid Blastocerus dichotomus. Also, the endocast is anteroposteriorly elongated and rhomboid in shape. The geometric morphometric analysis suggested a clear and linear allometric trend between brain endocast size and shape and highlights A. ensenadensis as an extreme form within the analyzed cervids regarding brain morphology. The encephalization coefficient of A. ensenadensis (0.68, Jerison, 1973; 0.63, Eisenberg, 1981) is within the range of extant cervids (0.64 - 1, Jerison, 1973; 0.60 - 1.06, Eisenberg, 1981) - suggesting that the pattern of encephalization of South American forms was already established at least since the end of the Pleistocene.Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPqOs Cetartiodactyla terrestres surgiram na América do Norte e Europa durante o Eoceno inicial e irradiaram-se, dando origem, dentre outros, aos Ruminantia – onde está incluído o grupo Cervidae. O clado Cervidae atualmente divide-se em Cervinae, cervídeos europeus e asiáticos, e Capreolinae, os cervídeos americanos. A formação do Istmo do Panamá (Plioceno final) possibilitou a troca biótica entre os continentes da América do Norte e Central, e a América do Sul, onde os cervídeos capreolíneos Odocoileini irradiaram-se rapidamente após seu ingresso no continente. A paleoneurologia é um ramo da paleontologia que se dedica ao estudo da evolução neurológica através do tempo. Utilizando técnicas de tomografia computadorizada, é possível acessar a morfologia endocraniana de espécies extintas. Na presente dissertação, estudamos moldes endocranianos do encéfalo do cervídeo extinto Antifer ensenadensis (Pleistoceno final), uma das maiores formas que viveram neste continente. Para isso, espécimes provenientes da Formação Touro Passo (Pleistoceno Superior), oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, foram tomografados e modelos virtuais da cavidade endocraniana foram gerados. Como metodologia, foi utilizada morfologia comparada com outros cervídeos, morfometria geométrica e coeficiente de encefalização. Os moldes endocranianos analisados demonstram que A. ensenadensis possuiu um cérebro girencefálico, possuindo o seio sagital superior saliente na superfície do molde endocraniano, além de ser anteroposteriormente alongado e com formato romboide. A análise de morfometria geométrica sugeriu uma tendência alométrica linear entre o tamanho e a forma do molde endocraniano cerebral e destaca A. ensenadensis como uma forma extrema dentro dos cervídeos analisados, em relação à morfologia cerebral. O coeficiente de encefalização de Antifer ensenadensis (0.68, Jerison, 1973; 0.63, Eisenberg, 1981) está dentro da variação dos cervídeos atuais (0.64 – 1, Jerison, 1973; 0.60 – 1.06, Eisenberg, 1981) – sugerindo que o padrão de encefalização das formas sul-americanas já estava estabelecido pelo menos desde o final do Pleistoceno.Universidade Federal de Santa MariaBrasilCiências BiológicasUFSMPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade AnimalCentro de Ciências Naturais e ExatasTumeleiro, Leonardo Rodrigo Kerberhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/8501464579034598Santos, Dimila Mothé Cordeiro doshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1812289916212941Cáceres, Nilton Carloshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1920880712756721Machado, Emmanuelle Fontoura2021-07-22T21:47:36Z2021-07-22T21:47:36Z2021-03-25info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/21576porAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSM2021-07-23T06:00:45Zoai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/21576Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/ONGhttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestatendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.comopendoar:2021-07-23T06:00:45Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Paleoneurologia de antifer (mammalia: cervidae), um cervídeo extinto da América do Sul Virtual brain endocast of antifer (mammalia: cervidae), an extinct large cervid from South America |
title |
Paleoneurologia de antifer (mammalia: cervidae), um cervídeo extinto da América do Sul |
spellingShingle |
Paleoneurologia de antifer (mammalia: cervidae), um cervídeo extinto da América do Sul Machado, Emmanuelle Fontoura Alometria Molde endocraniano Endocrânio Pleistoceno final Odocoileini Allometry Endocast Endocranium Late Pleistocene CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS |
title_short |
Paleoneurologia de antifer (mammalia: cervidae), um cervídeo extinto da América do Sul |
title_full |
Paleoneurologia de antifer (mammalia: cervidae), um cervídeo extinto da América do Sul |
title_fullStr |
Paleoneurologia de antifer (mammalia: cervidae), um cervídeo extinto da América do Sul |
title_full_unstemmed |
Paleoneurologia de antifer (mammalia: cervidae), um cervídeo extinto da América do Sul |
title_sort |
Paleoneurologia de antifer (mammalia: cervidae), um cervídeo extinto da América do Sul |
author |
Machado, Emmanuelle Fontoura |
author_facet |
Machado, Emmanuelle Fontoura |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Tumeleiro, Leonardo Rodrigo Kerber http://lattes.cnpq.br/8501464579034598 Santos, Dimila Mothé Cordeiro dos http://lattes.cnpq.br/1812289916212941 Cáceres, Nilton Carlos http://lattes.cnpq.br/1920880712756721 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Machado, Emmanuelle Fontoura |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Alometria Molde endocraniano Endocrânio Pleistoceno final Odocoileini Allometry Endocast Endocranium Late Pleistocene CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS |
topic |
Alometria Molde endocraniano Endocrânio Pleistoceno final Odocoileini Allometry Endocast Endocranium Late Pleistocene CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS |
description |
Terrestrial Cetartiodactyla arose in North America and Europe during the early Eocene and diversified, giving rise, among others, to the clade Ruminantia, which includes Cervidae. Cervidae is divided into Cervinae, European and Asian deer, and Capreolinae, the American deer. The formation of the Isthmus of Panama (late Pliocene) enabled the biotic interchange between the continents of North and Central Americas, and South America (Great American Biotic Interchange), where the Cervidae radiated quickly after their arrival. Paleoneurology is a branch of paleontology that is dedicated to the study of neurological evolution through time. Using computed tomography techniques, it is possible to access the endocranial morphology of extinct species. Here, we studied the brain endocast of the extinct late Pleistocene cervid Antifer ensenadensis from southern Brazil, one of the largest forms that lived on this continent. Comparative morphology, geometric morphometrics, and encephalization quotients were employed to compare this extinct species with other American and Eurasian forms. For this purpose, specimens from the Touro Passo Formation (Upper Pleistocene), southern Brazil, were scanned, and virtual models of the endocranial cavity were generated. The analyzed endocasts demonstrate that A. ensenadensis had a gyrencephalic brain, showing a prominent longitudinal sinus (=sagittal superior sinus), which is also observed in the large South American cervid Blastocerus dichotomus. Also, the endocast is anteroposteriorly elongated and rhomboid in shape. The geometric morphometric analysis suggested a clear and linear allometric trend between brain endocast size and shape and highlights A. ensenadensis as an extreme form within the analyzed cervids regarding brain morphology. The encephalization coefficient of A. ensenadensis (0.68, Jerison, 1973; 0.63, Eisenberg, 1981) is within the range of extant cervids (0.64 - 1, Jerison, 1973; 0.60 - 1.06, Eisenberg, 1981) - suggesting that the pattern of encephalization of South American forms was already established at least since the end of the Pleistocene. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-07-22T21:47:36Z 2021-07-22T21:47:36Z 2021-03-25 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/21576 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/21576 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Ciências Biológicas UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Ciências Biológicas UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM instname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) instacron:UFSM |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
instacron_str |
UFSM |
institution |
UFSM |
reponame_str |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
collection |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
atendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.com |
_version_ |
1805922175835701248 |