Aplicação de carvão ativado de casca de arroz na remoção de ferro e níquel do chorume de aterro sanitário
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2023 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/31384 |
Resumo: | In the present work, the prospects of dealing with various environmental problems in the South region of Brazil were demonstrated, turning a local residual of rice peel into an effective adsorbent, which was then applied for the treatment of real waste from sanitary landfills. The heterogeneity of Landfill Leachate (LL), consisting of numerous organic and inorganic pollutants from the physical, chemical and biological degradation of urban solid waste, has potential for pollution and negative effects on the environment when untreated. This study focused on the reuse and characterization of treated rice husk activated charcoal (AC-T), prepared after simple purification process carried out in situ of activated charcoal impregnated with sodium silicate (AC-SS), residual from Oryzasil's silica production, to reduce the total iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) content in post-membranes samples. The growing global production of agro-industrial waste stimulates the demand for alternative methods of value-adding. Among the materials with the highest production on a global scale, the rice husk stands out. This solid waste is one of the main problems with regard to the inorganic waste produced. In this sense, the utilization of this material is shown as a means of reuse and recovery of the residues of the rice husk. The waste from the landfill was collected in post-membrane systems and characterized in July 2022, revealing high concentrations of iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni), in addition to its high content of organic matter. The membrane set in the secondary stage reduced 72 and 69% of the Fe and Ni ions in the current landfill treatment system. The adsorption unit is needed to further reduce the concentration of Fe and Ni to meet the requirements required by current world resolutions. The AC-T was characterized according to its zero-load point and by XRD, SEM, FTIR, BET and TGA/DSC, and analysed its application in LL and regeneration. After characterization, a mesoporous material was obtained with amorphous structure, structured and homogeneous surface, existence of oxygenated functional groups on the surface, pores with an average size of 3.68 nm and specific surface area of 752.97 m2 g -1 . The adsorption capacities of Fe and Ni were evaluated at different pH values (1; 2; 3; 4; 5 and 6) with initial concentration of synthetic solutions (15 mg L-1 ) for each of the metals. Subsequently, pH 3 (altered due to metal precipitation to higher pH) and 6 (natural of the solution) were fixed for synthetic solutions of Fe and Ni, respectively, with concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg L-1 for the construction of kinetics and adsorption isotherms. Balance data were obtained in 308 K barrel experiments, applying 0.05 g of adsorbent in 50 mL of synthetic Fe and Ni solutions. Batch adsorption experiments have been employed to remove both metals, and the results revealed a rapid mass transfer process that allows the selective removal of Fe and Ni after 10 and 120 min related to meeting the legislation in force in the countries. The pseudosecond order model demonstrated greater ability to describe the kinetics of total removal of iron and nickel. Langmuir's model was most suitable to describe the system's equilibrium, achieving maximum adsorption capacity of 252.30 and 201.63 mg g-1 (308 and 328; and 328 K) for iron and total nickel, respectively. The thermodynamic behavior expressed that the process is spontaneous and favorable, with endothermic nature. The application of the AC-T under real conditions and temperature of 308 K pointed to adsorption capacities of 0.71 and 0.025 mg g-1 , removal rates of 43.51 and 88.79% in 10 and 120 min for Fe and Ni, respectively, to meet the conditions of the world legislation, and maximum adsorption and removal capacity of 1.33 and 0.025 mg g-1 , 81.53 and 91.03 % in 180 min for iron and total nickel, all results obtained by the Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity did not significantly decrease after 5 consecutive cycles, and the metals were recovered by acid leaching. The final disposal efficiencies obtained have shown that, due to the remarkable efficiency of the process, the treated effluent meets various world environmental legislation for use in irrigation. Thus, by using the convincing methods optimized here it is possible to refer to the solution of three environmental problems at once. |
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Aplicação de carvão ativado de casca de arroz na remoção de ferro e níquel do chorume de aterro sanitárioApplication of rice husk activated charcoal in the removal of iron and nickel from leachate of the sanitary landfillAdsorção de metaisTratamento de chorumeResíduo agroindustrialRemediação ambientalRegeneraçãoMetal adsorptionLeachate treatmentAgro-industrial wasteEnvironmental remediationRegenerationCNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICAIn the present work, the prospects of dealing with various environmental problems in the South region of Brazil were demonstrated, turning a local residual of rice peel into an effective adsorbent, which was then applied for the treatment of real waste from sanitary landfills. The heterogeneity of Landfill Leachate (LL), consisting of numerous organic and inorganic pollutants from the physical, chemical and biological degradation of urban solid waste, has potential for pollution and negative effects on the environment when untreated. This study focused on the reuse and characterization of treated rice husk activated charcoal (AC-T), prepared after simple purification process carried out in situ of activated charcoal impregnated with sodium silicate (AC-SS), residual from Oryzasil's silica production, to reduce the total iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) content in post-membranes samples. The growing global production of agro-industrial waste stimulates the demand for alternative methods of value-adding. Among the materials with the highest production on a global scale, the rice husk stands out. This solid waste is one of the main problems with regard to the inorganic waste produced. In this sense, the utilization of this material is shown as a means of reuse and recovery of the residues of the rice husk. The waste from the landfill was collected in post-membrane systems and characterized in July 2022, revealing high concentrations of iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni), in addition to its high content of organic matter. The membrane set in the secondary stage reduced 72 and 69% of the Fe and Ni ions in the current landfill treatment system. The adsorption unit is needed to further reduce the concentration of Fe and Ni to meet the requirements required by current world resolutions. The AC-T was characterized according to its zero-load point and by XRD, SEM, FTIR, BET and TGA/DSC, and analysed its application in LL and regeneration. After characterization, a mesoporous material was obtained with amorphous structure, structured and homogeneous surface, existence of oxygenated functional groups on the surface, pores with an average size of 3.68 nm and specific surface area of 752.97 m2 g -1 . The adsorption capacities of Fe and Ni were evaluated at different pH values (1; 2; 3; 4; 5 and 6) with initial concentration of synthetic solutions (15 mg L-1 ) for each of the metals. Subsequently, pH 3 (altered due to metal precipitation to higher pH) and 6 (natural of the solution) were fixed for synthetic solutions of Fe and Ni, respectively, with concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg L-1 for the construction of kinetics and adsorption isotherms. Balance data were obtained in 308 K barrel experiments, applying 0.05 g of adsorbent in 50 mL of synthetic Fe and Ni solutions. Batch adsorption experiments have been employed to remove both metals, and the results revealed a rapid mass transfer process that allows the selective removal of Fe and Ni after 10 and 120 min related to meeting the legislation in force in the countries. The pseudosecond order model demonstrated greater ability to describe the kinetics of total removal of iron and nickel. Langmuir's model was most suitable to describe the system's equilibrium, achieving maximum adsorption capacity of 252.30 and 201.63 mg g-1 (308 and 328; and 328 K) for iron and total nickel, respectively. The thermodynamic behavior expressed that the process is spontaneous and favorable, with endothermic nature. The application of the AC-T under real conditions and temperature of 308 K pointed to adsorption capacities of 0.71 and 0.025 mg g-1 , removal rates of 43.51 and 88.79% in 10 and 120 min for Fe and Ni, respectively, to meet the conditions of the world legislation, and maximum adsorption and removal capacity of 1.33 and 0.025 mg g-1 , 81.53 and 91.03 % in 180 min for iron and total nickel, all results obtained by the Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity did not significantly decrease after 5 consecutive cycles, and the metals were recovered by acid leaching. The final disposal efficiencies obtained have shown that, due to the remarkable efficiency of the process, the treated effluent meets various world environmental legislation for use in irrigation. Thus, by using the convincing methods optimized here it is possible to refer to the solution of three environmental problems at once.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESNo presente trabalho, demonstrou-se as perspectivas de enfrentamento de diversos problemas ambientais da região Sul do Brasil, transformando um resíduo local de casca de arroz em um adsorvente eficaz, que foi então aplicado para o tratamento de chorumes reais de aterros sanitários. A heterogeneidade do chorume de aterro sanitário (LL), constituído por inúmeros poluentes orgânicos e inorgânicos provenientes da degradação física, química e biológica dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, apresenta potencial poluidor e efeito negativo ao meio ambiente quando não tratado. Este estudo tem como foco a reutilização e caracterização do carvão ativado de casca de arroz tratado (AC-T), preparado pós-processo de purificação simples realizado in situ do carvão ativado impregnado com silicato de sódio (AC-SS), residual da produção de sílica da Oryzasil, para redução do teor total de ferro (Fe) e níquel (Ni) em LL pós-membranas. A crescente global de produção de resíduos agroindustriais fomenta a procura por métodos alternativos de agregação de valor. Entre os materiais com maior produção em escala mundial, destaca-se a casca de arroz. Este resíduo sólido é um dos principais problemas com relação aos resíduos inorgânicos produzidos. Neste sentido, o aproveitamento deste material mostra-se como meio de reutilização e valorização do resíduo da casca de arroz. O chorume do aterro foi coletado após uma etapa de filtração com membranas e caracterizado durante o mês de julho de 2022, revelando elevadas concentrações de ferro (Fe) e níquel (Ni), além de seu elevado teor de matéria orgânica. O conjunto de membranas no estágio secundário reduz 72 e 69% dos íons Fe e Ni no sistema de tratamento atual do aterro sanitário. A unidade de adsorção é necessária para reduzir ainda mais a concentração de Fe e Ni para atender aos requisitos exigidos pelas resoluções mundiais atuais. O AC-T foi caracterizado de acordo com seu ponto de carga zero e por DRX, SEM, FTIR, BET e TGA/DSC, e analisado sua aplicação em LL e regeneração. Após a caracterização, obteve-se um material mesoporoso com estrutura amorfa, superfície estruturada e homogênea, existência de grupos funcionais oxigenados na superfície, poros com tamanho médio de 3,68 nm e área de superfície específica de 752,97 m2 g -1 . As capacidades de adsorção de Fe e Ni foram avaliadas em diferentes valores de pH (1; 2; 3; 4; 5 e 6) com concentração inicial de soluções sintéticas (15 mg L-1 ) para cada um dos metais e estabelecendo o melhor pH para o processo de adsorção para cada metal. Posteriormente, foram fixados pH 3 (alterado devido a precipitação do metal para pH superiores) e 6 (natural da solução) para soluções sintéticas de Fe e Ni, respectivamente, com concentrações de 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25 mg L-1 para a construção de cinéticas e isotermas de adsorção. Os dados de equilíbrio foram obtidos em experimentos a batelada com temperatura de 308 K, aplicação de 0,05 g de adsorvente em 50 mL de soluções sintéticas de Fe e Ni. Experimentos de adsorção em lote foram empregados para a remoção de ambos os metais, e os resultados revelam um rápido processo de transferência de massa que permite a remoção seletiva de Fe e Ni após 10 e 120 min relacionado a atender a legislação vigente nos países. O modelo de pseudo-segunda ordem demonstrou maior capacidade de descrever a cinética de remoção total de ferro e níquel. O modelo Langmuir foi o mais adequado para descrever o equilíbrio do sistema, conferindo capacidade máxima de adsorção de 252,30 e 201,63 mg g-1 (308 e 328; e 328 K) para ferro e níquel total, respectivamente. O comportamento termodinâmico expressou que o processo é espontâneo e favorável, com natureza endotérmica. A aplicação do ACT em amostras reais e temperatura de 308 K, apontou capacidades de adsorção de 0,71 e 0,025 mg g-1 , remoções de 43,51 e 88,79% em 10 e 120 min para Fe e Ni, respectivamente, para atender às condições das legislações mundiais vigente, as capacidades máximas de adsorção e remoção de 1,33 e 0,025 mg g-1 e 81,53 e 91,03% em 180 min para ferro e níquel total, todos resultados obtidos pelo modelo de Langmuir. A capacidade de adsorção não diminuiu significativamente após 5 reciclagens consecutivas, e os metais foram recuperados através de lixiviação ácida. As eficiências de remoção final obtidas mostraram que, devido à notável eficácia do processo, o efluente tratado atende a diversas legislações ambientais mundiais para uso em irrigação. Assim, ao empregar os métodos é possível referir-se à solução de três problemas ambientais de uma só vez.Universidade Federal de Santa MariaBrasilEngenharia QuímicaUFSMPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia QuímicaCentro de TecnologiaDotto, Guilherme Luizhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5412544199323879Jahn, Sérgio LuizNascimento Júnior, Welenilton José doNunes, Isaac dos SantosSantos, Bárbara Luiza Brandenburg dos2024-02-02T15:15:26Z2024-02-02T15:15:26Z2023-11-30info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/31384porAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSM2024-02-02T15:15:26Zoai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/31384Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/ONGhttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestatendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.comopendoar:2024-02-02T15:15:26Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Aplicação de carvão ativado de casca de arroz na remoção de ferro e níquel do chorume de aterro sanitário Application of rice husk activated charcoal in the removal of iron and nickel from leachate of the sanitary landfill |
title |
Aplicação de carvão ativado de casca de arroz na remoção de ferro e níquel do chorume de aterro sanitário |
spellingShingle |
Aplicação de carvão ativado de casca de arroz na remoção de ferro e níquel do chorume de aterro sanitário Santos, Bárbara Luiza Brandenburg dos Adsorção de metais Tratamento de chorume Resíduo agroindustrial Remediação ambiental Regeneração Metal adsorption Leachate treatment Agro-industrial waste Environmental remediation Regeneration CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA |
title_short |
Aplicação de carvão ativado de casca de arroz na remoção de ferro e níquel do chorume de aterro sanitário |
title_full |
Aplicação de carvão ativado de casca de arroz na remoção de ferro e níquel do chorume de aterro sanitário |
title_fullStr |
Aplicação de carvão ativado de casca de arroz na remoção de ferro e níquel do chorume de aterro sanitário |
title_full_unstemmed |
Aplicação de carvão ativado de casca de arroz na remoção de ferro e níquel do chorume de aterro sanitário |
title_sort |
Aplicação de carvão ativado de casca de arroz na remoção de ferro e níquel do chorume de aterro sanitário |
author |
Santos, Bárbara Luiza Brandenburg dos |
author_facet |
Santos, Bárbara Luiza Brandenburg dos |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Dotto, Guilherme Luiz http://lattes.cnpq.br/5412544199323879 Jahn, Sérgio Luiz Nascimento Júnior, Welenilton José do Nunes, Isaac dos Santos |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Santos, Bárbara Luiza Brandenburg dos |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Adsorção de metais Tratamento de chorume Resíduo agroindustrial Remediação ambiental Regeneração Metal adsorption Leachate treatment Agro-industrial waste Environmental remediation Regeneration CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA |
topic |
Adsorção de metais Tratamento de chorume Resíduo agroindustrial Remediação ambiental Regeneração Metal adsorption Leachate treatment Agro-industrial waste Environmental remediation Regeneration CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA |
description |
In the present work, the prospects of dealing with various environmental problems in the South region of Brazil were demonstrated, turning a local residual of rice peel into an effective adsorbent, which was then applied for the treatment of real waste from sanitary landfills. The heterogeneity of Landfill Leachate (LL), consisting of numerous organic and inorganic pollutants from the physical, chemical and biological degradation of urban solid waste, has potential for pollution and negative effects on the environment when untreated. This study focused on the reuse and characterization of treated rice husk activated charcoal (AC-T), prepared after simple purification process carried out in situ of activated charcoal impregnated with sodium silicate (AC-SS), residual from Oryzasil's silica production, to reduce the total iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) content in post-membranes samples. The growing global production of agro-industrial waste stimulates the demand for alternative methods of value-adding. Among the materials with the highest production on a global scale, the rice husk stands out. This solid waste is one of the main problems with regard to the inorganic waste produced. In this sense, the utilization of this material is shown as a means of reuse and recovery of the residues of the rice husk. The waste from the landfill was collected in post-membrane systems and characterized in July 2022, revealing high concentrations of iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni), in addition to its high content of organic matter. The membrane set in the secondary stage reduced 72 and 69% of the Fe and Ni ions in the current landfill treatment system. The adsorption unit is needed to further reduce the concentration of Fe and Ni to meet the requirements required by current world resolutions. The AC-T was characterized according to its zero-load point and by XRD, SEM, FTIR, BET and TGA/DSC, and analysed its application in LL and regeneration. After characterization, a mesoporous material was obtained with amorphous structure, structured and homogeneous surface, existence of oxygenated functional groups on the surface, pores with an average size of 3.68 nm and specific surface area of 752.97 m2 g -1 . The adsorption capacities of Fe and Ni were evaluated at different pH values (1; 2; 3; 4; 5 and 6) with initial concentration of synthetic solutions (15 mg L-1 ) for each of the metals. Subsequently, pH 3 (altered due to metal precipitation to higher pH) and 6 (natural of the solution) were fixed for synthetic solutions of Fe and Ni, respectively, with concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg L-1 for the construction of kinetics and adsorption isotherms. Balance data were obtained in 308 K barrel experiments, applying 0.05 g of adsorbent in 50 mL of synthetic Fe and Ni solutions. Batch adsorption experiments have been employed to remove both metals, and the results revealed a rapid mass transfer process that allows the selective removal of Fe and Ni after 10 and 120 min related to meeting the legislation in force in the countries. The pseudosecond order model demonstrated greater ability to describe the kinetics of total removal of iron and nickel. Langmuir's model was most suitable to describe the system's equilibrium, achieving maximum adsorption capacity of 252.30 and 201.63 mg g-1 (308 and 328; and 328 K) for iron and total nickel, respectively. The thermodynamic behavior expressed that the process is spontaneous and favorable, with endothermic nature. The application of the AC-T under real conditions and temperature of 308 K pointed to adsorption capacities of 0.71 and 0.025 mg g-1 , removal rates of 43.51 and 88.79% in 10 and 120 min for Fe and Ni, respectively, to meet the conditions of the world legislation, and maximum adsorption and removal capacity of 1.33 and 0.025 mg g-1 , 81.53 and 91.03 % in 180 min for iron and total nickel, all results obtained by the Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity did not significantly decrease after 5 consecutive cycles, and the metals were recovered by acid leaching. The final disposal efficiencies obtained have shown that, due to the remarkable efficiency of the process, the treated effluent meets various world environmental legislation for use in irrigation. Thus, by using the convincing methods optimized here it is possible to refer to the solution of three environmental problems at once. |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-11-30 2024-02-02T15:15:26Z 2024-02-02T15:15:26Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/31384 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/31384 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Engenharia Química UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química Centro de Tecnologia |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Engenharia Química UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química Centro de Tecnologia |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM instname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) instacron:UFSM |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
instacron_str |
UFSM |
institution |
UFSM |
reponame_str |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
collection |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
atendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.com |
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1805922060712542208 |