Dinâmica da contaminação por efluente sanitário em área de um campus universitário

• Autor(a) principal: Araújo, Ronaldo Kanopf de
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7831
• topic: Esgoto sanitário; Contaminação do solo; Águas subterrâneas; Typha domingensis; Isópodes terrestres; Sewage; Soil contamination; Groundwater; Typha domingensis; Terrestrial isopods; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA CIVIL

One of the biggest problems related to water pollution can currently be considered the release of untreated effluent, mainly from domestic sources, since the collection and treatment of these effluents is the sanitation service with greater coverage gap in Brazil. The effluent discharge directly into the ground without proper treatment can lead to the contamination of water, soil and groundwater, according to the site characteristics. Amid this reality, the degradation of natural resources in the Campus UFSM, due to increased academic population, has drawn attention of researchers and managers of the institution. Despite increasing pressure regarding environmental compliance for launching their effluents into water bodies, UFSM still presents difficulties in the disposal of wastewater. This research is justified by the importance of monitoring the release of wastewater Campus UFSM to study the possibility of natural attenuation in the environment and investigation of soil and groundwater. This research has been aimed at evaluating the natural attenuation of soil contamination by sanitary effluent in an area located on the campus of UFSM. Were performed ten wine sampling wastewater at four point sources of release of liquid effluents (FP-31, FP-32, FP-31A and FP-50), diluted effluent draining soil in four shallow wells (PMR- 02, PMR-03, PMR-04 and PMR-05), groundwater in two deep wells (PM-01, PM-02) and effluent into a drain channel after flow through the soil (EDC). Were collected from soil samples and ten individuals of aquatic macrophytes Typha domingensis, in two installments of the study area, called PC-01 and PC-02, for the analysis of heavy metals. Also as part of the environmental assessment of the area, made up the study of the density and diversity of terrestrial isopods. Considering the ten sampling campaigns carried out between August 2012 and February 2013, between the input point source effluents by FP-31, FP-32, FP-31A and FP-50 and channel drainage effluent (CDE), was observed an average reduction of 85.5% in flow, 50% in BOD5, 20, from 76.97% total solids, 91.22% of suspended solids, 99.8588% of total coliforms, 99.9623% E. coli. Based on these results, it was found that there is the natural attenuation process of carbonaceous organic matter, total coliforms, Escherichia coli and phosphate in the area. However, due to the fact that the transport of contaminants occurs in the vertical and horizontal profiles of the soil, reaching surface waters and groundwater, should be taken to improve sewage treatment systems in UFSM. Was found soil contamination by heavy metals barium, copper and zinc concentrations above the limits defined by CONAMA. 420/2009. We also found the presence of heavy metals in plant tissue of macrophyte Typha domingensis. It was verified diversity and isopods in soil density that can be bio-accumulators of heavy metals. The species were Oniscus asellus, which can be a body bioacumulator heavy metals and Philoscia muscurum, which can be a biomarker of contamination by the effluent discharge area.