Manejo experimental de uma floresta ombrófila mista secundária no Rio Grande do Sul

• Autor(a) principal: Longhi, Régis Villanova
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8693
• topic: Floresta com araucária; Fitossociologia; Incremento; Ciclo de corte; Araucaria forest; Phytosociology; Increment; Cutting cycle; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL

The present paper was developed with the aim to evaluate the forest recovery and growth of species of commercial valuable eight years after the application of different intensities of selective cuts in an area of secondary Mixed Ombrophilous Forest in Rio Grande do Sul. The evaluations were based on floristic composition changes, species diversity, structure and dynamics of tree extract for each management treatment and for the control (treatment without management intervention), and the analysis of increments for the group of species of commercial value and the recovery time of the initial commercial inventory for each intensity of selective logging. The treatments that received management interventions were: T1-Control, T2-Selective Light Cutting (reduction of about 20% of basal area by DBH class), T3- Selective Medium Cutting (30-40% reduction of basal area by DBH class), T4-Selective Heavy Cutting (50-60% reduction of basal area by DBH class). Data were from three measurement occasions: Pre-harvest inventory (2001) and two monitoring inventories (2006 and 2010). In inventories remeasured monitoring were all individuals with DBH ≥ 9.6 cm in each treatment. Eight years after the application of selective cuts regardless of the intensity applied, there was increased density and phytosociological parameters of commercial species, compared with treatment without management intervention. In addition, there were no losses in the number of species, genres and families over time for different intensities of logging. Largest gain was observed in diversity of species to the treatments that received handling interventions and less change to the control treatment. The density of individuals showed good resilience, regardless of the intensity of selective cuts. However, the recovery of basal area over time presented difficulties when performed very heavy intervention (T4). The regular annual average increase in diameter for all species in the treatments with selective cuts showed low variation between them, with values close to 0.30 cm.year-1, but with a gain of more than 100% compared to control treatment with absolute value of 0.14 cm.year-1. Similarly, the commercially valuable species had values of periodic annual diameter increment (0.53 cm.year-1 to T2; 0.48 cm.year-1 for T3; and 0.49 cm.year-1 to T4) and basal area (23.64 cm².ha-1.year-1 for T2; 21.61 cm².ha-1.year-1 for T3; and 18.55 cm².ha-1.year-1 to T4) higher than the treatment that received selective cuts, with values of 0.28 cm.year-1 in diameter and 17.41 cm².ha-1.year-1 in basal area. The recovery time of the initial commercial inventory between different intensities of logging was about eight years for T2, 16 years for T3 and 34 years for T4. For the sustainable management of secondary forests in the area of occurrence of Mixed Ombrophylous Forest in the region of encosta superior do nordeste of Rio Grande do Sul, it is recommended to carry out selective light cuts (reduction of approximately 20% of basal area by DBH class) and cycles cutting eight years as a way to lead the forest with frequent cuts to a more productive structure.