Obtenção de carvão ativado a partir de lodo industrial para a remoção de contaminantes e recuperação de bioálcoois via adsorção

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Streit, Angélica Fátima Mantelli
Data de Publicação: 2021
Tipo de documento: Tese
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM
Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/24116
Resumo: In this study, biological sludge, which is an abundant and problematic solid waste from the wastewater treatment plant (WTP) of a beverage industry, was used to prepare a high quality activated carbon (ACBS). This was investigated in the adsorption of contaminants (crystal violet, red 40, paracetamol, ibuprofen and ketoprofen) and in the recovery of bioalcohols (ethanol, propanol and butanol) in aqueous solutions. To obtain the adsorbent material, a synthesis route was adopted via pyrolysis and chemical activation (ZnCl2 and lime), where the pyrolyzed sludge (PS) originated. Subsequently, PS was subjected to a leaching with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and thus obtained the ACBS. These materials were characterized for their physicochemical properties and then applied to adsorption studies. The characterizations showed that ACBS is a mesoporous, semi-crystalline material that obtained the greatest surface area (631.8 m2 g - ¹), total pore volume (0.5098 cm3 g - ¹) and mean pore diameter (6.32 nm) when compared to PS. The SEM technique confirmed this increase in porosity, roughness and cavity formation in ACBS compared to PS. Through the Boehm Titration, a minimal amount of acid groups and no basic group was detected in ACBS, contrary to what was found in PS. The TG/DTG analyzes were consistent with the other characterization techniques, as a smaller residual mass was observed in ACBS (28%) than in PS (37%). Adsorption studies proved that ACBS is more suitable than PS for removing contaminants, as well as for recovering bioalcohols. In fact, ACBS has shown to have great potential in the removal and recovery of these chemical compounds in view of the high adsorption capacities detected for crystal violet (640.7 mg g − ¹), red 40 (287.1 mg g − ¹), acetaminophen (145.4 mg g − ¹), ibuprofen (105.9 mg g - ¹), ketoprofen (57.6 mg g - ¹), butanol (1801.70 mg g - ¹/ 24.64 mmol g - ¹), propanol (1107.63 mg g - ¹/ 19.31 mmol g - ¹) and ethanol (722.90 mg g - ¹/ 16.48 mmol g - ¹). In addition, adsorbent materials (PS and ACBS) from solid waste can be safely used for adsorption, as they did not show phytotoxic effects on Lactuca sativa. This effect also allowed us to verify that the toxicity of dyes can be significantly reduced using ACBS in the adsorption. In conclusion, the biological sludge used as a precursor material, as well as the synthesis method adopted, provided an adsorbent with excellent textural and chemical properties. Consequently, this ensured that ACBS can be used in different applications, such as in the case of contaminant removal and bioalcohol recovery via adsorption. Above all, the conversion of sludge to ACBS has multiple ecological prominence, as it contributes to solid waste management, removal of recalcitrant contaminants and lower energy consumption through the adsorption in the recovery of bioalcohols.
id UFSM_a4ece6a65dbcf22825b5e2c25976fd43
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/24116
network_acronym_str UFSM
network_name_str Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM
repository_id_str
spelling Obtenção de carvão ativado a partir de lodo industrial para a remoção de contaminantes e recuperação de bioálcoois via adsorçãoObtaining activated carbon from industrial sludge for the removal of contaminants and recovery of bioalcohols via adsorptionResíduos sólidosLodo biológicoPiróliseCorantesFármacosBioálcooisSolid wasteBiological sludgePyrolysisDyesPharmaceuticalsBioalcoholsCNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICAIn this study, biological sludge, which is an abundant and problematic solid waste from the wastewater treatment plant (WTP) of a beverage industry, was used to prepare a high quality activated carbon (ACBS). This was investigated in the adsorption of contaminants (crystal violet, red 40, paracetamol, ibuprofen and ketoprofen) and in the recovery of bioalcohols (ethanol, propanol and butanol) in aqueous solutions. To obtain the adsorbent material, a synthesis route was adopted via pyrolysis and chemical activation (ZnCl2 and lime), where the pyrolyzed sludge (PS) originated. Subsequently, PS was subjected to a leaching with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and thus obtained the ACBS. These materials were characterized for their physicochemical properties and then applied to adsorption studies. The characterizations showed that ACBS is a mesoporous, semi-crystalline material that obtained the greatest surface area (631.8 m2 g - ¹), total pore volume (0.5098 cm3 g - ¹) and mean pore diameter (6.32 nm) when compared to PS. The SEM technique confirmed this increase in porosity, roughness and cavity formation in ACBS compared to PS. Through the Boehm Titration, a minimal amount of acid groups and no basic group was detected in ACBS, contrary to what was found in PS. The TG/DTG analyzes were consistent with the other characterization techniques, as a smaller residual mass was observed in ACBS (28%) than in PS (37%). Adsorption studies proved that ACBS is more suitable than PS for removing contaminants, as well as for recovering bioalcohols. In fact, ACBS has shown to have great potential in the removal and recovery of these chemical compounds in view of the high adsorption capacities detected for crystal violet (640.7 mg g − ¹), red 40 (287.1 mg g − ¹), acetaminophen (145.4 mg g − ¹), ibuprofen (105.9 mg g - ¹), ketoprofen (57.6 mg g - ¹), butanol (1801.70 mg g - ¹/ 24.64 mmol g - ¹), propanol (1107.63 mg g - ¹/ 19.31 mmol g - ¹) and ethanol (722.90 mg g - ¹/ 16.48 mmol g - ¹). In addition, adsorbent materials (PS and ACBS) from solid waste can be safely used for adsorption, as they did not show phytotoxic effects on Lactuca sativa. This effect also allowed us to verify that the toxicity of dyes can be significantly reduced using ACBS in the adsorption. In conclusion, the biological sludge used as a precursor material, as well as the synthesis method adopted, provided an adsorbent with excellent textural and chemical properties. Consequently, this ensured that ACBS can be used in different applications, such as in the case of contaminant removal and bioalcohol recovery via adsorption. Above all, the conversion of sludge to ACBS has multiple ecological prominence, as it contributes to solid waste management, removal of recalcitrant contaminants and lower energy consumption through the adsorption in the recovery of bioalcohols.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESNesse estudo, o lodo biológico, que é um resíduo sólido abundante e problemático proveniente da estação de tratamento de efluentes (ETE) de uma indústria de bebidas foi utilizado para a preparação de um carvão ativado de alta qualidade (CALB). Esse foi investigado na adsorção de contaminantes (violeta cristal, vermelho 40, paracetamol, ibuprofeno e cetoprofeno) e na recuperação de bioálcoois (etanol, propanol e butanol) em soluções aquosas. Para a obtenção do material adsorvente foi adotada uma rota de síntese via pirólise e ativação química (ZnCl2 e cal), onde originou-se o lodo pirolisado (LP). Posteriormente, LP foi submetido a uma lixiviação com ácido clorídrico (HCl) e assim obteve-se o CALB. Esses materiais foram caracterizados quanto as suas propriedades físico-químicas e em seguida aplicados para os estudos de adsorção. As caracterizações demonstraram que CALB é um material mesoporoso, semicristalino e que obteve maior área de superfície (631,8 m2 g - ¹), volume total de poros (0,5098 cm3 g - ¹) e diâmetro médio de poros (6,32 nm) quando comparado ao LP. A técnica de MEV, confirmou esse aumento de porosidade, rugosidade e formação de cavidades no CALB em relação ao LP. Por meio da Titulação de Boehm foi detectada uma mínima quantidade de grupos ácidos e nenhum grupo básico em CALB, contrariamente do encontrado em LP. As análises TG/DTG foram consistentes com as demais técnicas de caracterização, visto que uma menor massa residual foi observada em CALB (28%) do que em LP (37%). Os estudos de adsorção comprovaram que CALB é mais adequado que LP para remoção dos contaminantes, assim como, na recuperação de bioálcoois. Inclusive, CALB demonstrou ter grande potencial na remoção e recuperação desses compostos químicos tendo em vista as altas capacidades de adsorção detectadas para violeta cristal (640,7 mg g−¹), vermelho 40 (287,1 mg g−¹), paracetamol (145,4 mg g - ¹), ibuprofeno (105,9 mg g - ¹), cetoprofeno (57,6 mg g - ¹), butanol (1801,70 mg g-¹/ 24,64 mmol g - ¹), propanol (1107,63 mg g - ¹/ 19,31 mmol g - ¹) e etanol (722,90 mg g - ¹/ 16,48 mmol g - ¹). Além disso, os materiais adsorventes (LP e CALB) oriundos de um resíduo sólido podem ser utilizados de maneira segura na adsorção, já que não apresentaram efeito fitotóxico sobre a espécie Lactuca sativa. Esse efeito, também permitiu verificar que a toxicidade dos corantes pode ser reduzida significativamente utilizando CALB na adsorção. Em conclusão, o lodo biológico utilizado como um material precursor, assim como, o método de síntese adotado propiciou a obtenção de um adsorvente com excelentes propriedades texturais e químicas. Consequentemente, isso garantiu que CALB possa ser utilizado em diferentes aplicações, como no caso da remoção de contaminantes e recuperação de bioálcoois via adsorção. Portanto, a conversão de lodo em CALB tem uma proeminência ecológica multíplice, visto que contribui para a gestão dos resíduos sólidos, para remoção de contaminantes recalcitrantes e no menor consumo de energia através da adsorção e recuperação de bioálcoois.Universidade Federal de Santa MariaBrasilEngenharia QuímicaUFSMPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia QuímicaCentro de TecnologiaDotto, Guilherme Luizhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5412544199323879Collazzo, Gabriela CarvalhoMendoza-Castillo, Didilia IleanaCadaval Junior, Tito Roberto Sant'AnnaCancelier, AdrianoSilva, William Leonardo daStreit, Angélica Fátima Mantelli2022-04-20T17:07:14Z2022-04-20T17:07:14Z2021-12-07info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisapplication/pdfhttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/24116porAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSM2022-04-20T17:07:14Zoai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/24116Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/ONGhttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestatendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.comopendoar:2022-04-20T17:07:14Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Obtenção de carvão ativado a partir de lodo industrial para a remoção de contaminantes e recuperação de bioálcoois via adsorção
Obtaining activated carbon from industrial sludge for the removal of contaminants and recovery of bioalcohols via adsorption
title Obtenção de carvão ativado a partir de lodo industrial para a remoção de contaminantes e recuperação de bioálcoois via adsorção
spellingShingle Obtenção de carvão ativado a partir de lodo industrial para a remoção de contaminantes e recuperação de bioálcoois via adsorção
Streit, Angélica Fátima Mantelli
Resíduos sólidos
Lodo biológico
Pirólise
Corantes
Fármacos
Bioálcoois
Solid waste
Biological sludge
Pyrolysis
Dyes
Pharmaceuticals
Bioalcohols
CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA
title_short Obtenção de carvão ativado a partir de lodo industrial para a remoção de contaminantes e recuperação de bioálcoois via adsorção
title_full Obtenção de carvão ativado a partir de lodo industrial para a remoção de contaminantes e recuperação de bioálcoois via adsorção
title_fullStr Obtenção de carvão ativado a partir de lodo industrial para a remoção de contaminantes e recuperação de bioálcoois via adsorção
title_full_unstemmed Obtenção de carvão ativado a partir de lodo industrial para a remoção de contaminantes e recuperação de bioálcoois via adsorção
title_sort Obtenção de carvão ativado a partir de lodo industrial para a remoção de contaminantes e recuperação de bioálcoois via adsorção
author Streit, Angélica Fátima Mantelli
author_facet Streit, Angélica Fátima Mantelli
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Dotto, Guilherme Luiz
http://lattes.cnpq.br/5412544199323879
Collazzo, Gabriela Carvalho
Mendoza-Castillo, Didilia Ileana
Cadaval Junior, Tito Roberto Sant'Anna
Cancelier, Adriano
Silva, William Leonardo da
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Streit, Angélica Fátima Mantelli
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Resíduos sólidos
Lodo biológico
Pirólise
Corantes
Fármacos
Bioálcoois
Solid waste
Biological sludge
Pyrolysis
Dyes
Pharmaceuticals
Bioalcohols
CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA
topic Resíduos sólidos
Lodo biológico
Pirólise
Corantes
Fármacos
Bioálcoois
Solid waste
Biological sludge
Pyrolysis
Dyes
Pharmaceuticals
Bioalcohols
CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA
description In this study, biological sludge, which is an abundant and problematic solid waste from the wastewater treatment plant (WTP) of a beverage industry, was used to prepare a high quality activated carbon (ACBS). This was investigated in the adsorption of contaminants (crystal violet, red 40, paracetamol, ibuprofen and ketoprofen) and in the recovery of bioalcohols (ethanol, propanol and butanol) in aqueous solutions. To obtain the adsorbent material, a synthesis route was adopted via pyrolysis and chemical activation (ZnCl2 and lime), where the pyrolyzed sludge (PS) originated. Subsequently, PS was subjected to a leaching with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and thus obtained the ACBS. These materials were characterized for their physicochemical properties and then applied to adsorption studies. The characterizations showed that ACBS is a mesoporous, semi-crystalline material that obtained the greatest surface area (631.8 m2 g - ¹), total pore volume (0.5098 cm3 g - ¹) and mean pore diameter (6.32 nm) when compared to PS. The SEM technique confirmed this increase in porosity, roughness and cavity formation in ACBS compared to PS. Through the Boehm Titration, a minimal amount of acid groups and no basic group was detected in ACBS, contrary to what was found in PS. The TG/DTG analyzes were consistent with the other characterization techniques, as a smaller residual mass was observed in ACBS (28%) than in PS (37%). Adsorption studies proved that ACBS is more suitable than PS for removing contaminants, as well as for recovering bioalcohols. In fact, ACBS has shown to have great potential in the removal and recovery of these chemical compounds in view of the high adsorption capacities detected for crystal violet (640.7 mg g − ¹), red 40 (287.1 mg g − ¹), acetaminophen (145.4 mg g − ¹), ibuprofen (105.9 mg g - ¹), ketoprofen (57.6 mg g - ¹), butanol (1801.70 mg g - ¹/ 24.64 mmol g - ¹), propanol (1107.63 mg g - ¹/ 19.31 mmol g - ¹) and ethanol (722.90 mg g - ¹/ 16.48 mmol g - ¹). In addition, adsorbent materials (PS and ACBS) from solid waste can be safely used for adsorption, as they did not show phytotoxic effects on Lactuca sativa. This effect also allowed us to verify that the toxicity of dyes can be significantly reduced using ACBS in the adsorption. In conclusion, the biological sludge used as a precursor material, as well as the synthesis method adopted, provided an adsorbent with excellent textural and chemical properties. Consequently, this ensured that ACBS can be used in different applications, such as in the case of contaminant removal and bioalcohol recovery via adsorption. Above all, the conversion of sludge to ACBS has multiple ecological prominence, as it contributes to solid waste management, removal of recalcitrant contaminants and lower energy consumption through the adsorption in the recovery of bioalcohols.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021-12-07
2022-04-20T17:07:14Z
2022-04-20T17:07:14Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
format doctoralThesis
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/24116
url http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/24116
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv por
language por
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Brasil
Engenharia Química
UFSM
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química
Centro de Tecnologia
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Brasil
Engenharia Química
UFSM
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química
Centro de Tecnologia
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM
instname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)
instacron:UFSM
instname_str Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)
instacron_str UFSM
institution UFSM
reponame_str Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM
collection Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM
repository.name.fl_str_mv Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv atendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.com
_version_ 1805922152404221952