Estudo dos casos dos rompimentos das barragens de Mariana e Brumadinho sob a ótica da (co)responsabilidade do Estado
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2023 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/30466 |
Resumo: | The business disasters in Mariana (2015) and Brumadinho (2019) revealed to the world the externalities of mining overexploitation and its most harmful effects on socio-biodiversity. In this context, two States of the Federation, dozens of Municipalities, and more than 1 million people were directly affected by the tailings mud from the dams of Samarco and Vale S/A. The acute damage caused by the mudflow was incessantly reported by the media, generating real social commotion. Currently, local populations continue to be subjected to the chronic and silent effects (which are being qualified and quantified) of the millions of cubic meters of tailings deposited in the Doce River and São Francisco River Basins. This devastation also constitutes an injury to the Federal Constitution, which in its article 225, establishes the right to an ecologically balanced environment as a diffuse right, essential to life, and imposes its protection as a duty of the State. Therefore, in view of the externalities of the cases under study, we investigate possible failures of the State in the protection of socio-biodiversity. To this end, the research questions: Did the State directly contribute to the occurrence of business disasters? Is the State (co)responsible for the collapse of the Samarco and Vale S/A tailings dams? To what extent could the State have prevented and/or mitigated its effects? In the search for these answers, we intend, from an emancipatory, prospective and preventive perspective of responsibilities, to contribute to the elaboration of theoretical legal models applicable to disaster rights. To this end, the contributions of the State in the social historical formation of industrialization since the 1930s were studied, and how this model influenced mining and the generation of a national dependence on foreign capital. Due to this cut, we opted for a dialectical approach with the typological method, using the basic theory of historical materialism, whose greatest exponent is Karl Marx. As a procedure, bibliographic research was carried out (especially those based on the Marxist Theory of Dependence), and the documentary analysis of judicial proceedings and technical reports of state control and inspection bodies. The research concluded, based on the quantification/qualification of damages and the causes of dam ruptures, the (in)existence of effective environmental licensing and inspection processes, and the safety and protection (or lack of safety and protection) of workers in mining, that the State was (co)responsible for the business disasters studied. Prospectively, it was concluded that the State has a duty to change the course of mining subjected to globalized capitalist overexploitation, under penalty of being held responsible in cases of future business disasters. |
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Estudo dos casos dos rompimentos das barragens de Mariana e Brumadinho sob a ótica da (co)responsabilidade do EstadoStudy of the cases of the ruptures of the Mariana and Brumadinho dams from the perspective of state (co)responsibilityDanos à sociobiodiversidadeDesastres empresariaisTeoria Marxista da dependência(Co)responsabilidade do EstadoDamage to socio-biodiversityBusiness disastersMarxist dependency theoryState (co)responsibilityCNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::DIREITOThe business disasters in Mariana (2015) and Brumadinho (2019) revealed to the world the externalities of mining overexploitation and its most harmful effects on socio-biodiversity. In this context, two States of the Federation, dozens of Municipalities, and more than 1 million people were directly affected by the tailings mud from the dams of Samarco and Vale S/A. The acute damage caused by the mudflow was incessantly reported by the media, generating real social commotion. Currently, local populations continue to be subjected to the chronic and silent effects (which are being qualified and quantified) of the millions of cubic meters of tailings deposited in the Doce River and São Francisco River Basins. This devastation also constitutes an injury to the Federal Constitution, which in its article 225, establishes the right to an ecologically balanced environment as a diffuse right, essential to life, and imposes its protection as a duty of the State. Therefore, in view of the externalities of the cases under study, we investigate possible failures of the State in the protection of socio-biodiversity. To this end, the research questions: Did the State directly contribute to the occurrence of business disasters? Is the State (co)responsible for the collapse of the Samarco and Vale S/A tailings dams? To what extent could the State have prevented and/or mitigated its effects? In the search for these answers, we intend, from an emancipatory, prospective and preventive perspective of responsibilities, to contribute to the elaboration of theoretical legal models applicable to disaster rights. To this end, the contributions of the State in the social historical formation of industrialization since the 1930s were studied, and how this model influenced mining and the generation of a national dependence on foreign capital. Due to this cut, we opted for a dialectical approach with the typological method, using the basic theory of historical materialism, whose greatest exponent is Karl Marx. As a procedure, bibliographic research was carried out (especially those based on the Marxist Theory of Dependence), and the documentary analysis of judicial proceedings and technical reports of state control and inspection bodies. The research concluded, based on the quantification/qualification of damages and the causes of dam ruptures, the (in)existence of effective environmental licensing and inspection processes, and the safety and protection (or lack of safety and protection) of workers in mining, that the State was (co)responsible for the business disasters studied. Prospectively, it was concluded that the State has a duty to change the course of mining subjected to globalized capitalist overexploitation, under penalty of being held responsible in cases of future business disasters.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESOs desastres empresariais em Mariana (2015) e em Brumadinho (2019) revelaram ao mundo as externalidades da superexploração minerária e seus mais nefastos efeitos para sociobiodiversidade. Nesse contexto, dois Estados da Federação, dezenas de Municípios, e mais de 1 milhão de pessoas foram diretamente afetados pela lama de rejeitos oriundas das barragens da Samarco e da Vale S/A. Os danos agudos decorrentes da passagem da lama foram incessantemente noticiados pela mídia, gerando verdadeira comoção social. Atualmente, as populações locais continuam submetidas aos efeitos crônicos e silenciosos (que estão sendo qualificados e quantificados) dos milhões de metros cúbicos de rejeitos depositados nos leitos nas Bacias do Rio Doce e do Rio São Francisco. Essa devastação configura lesão também à Constituição Federal, que em seu artigo 225, estabelece o direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado como um direito difuso, essencial à vida, e impõe sua proteção como um dever do Estado. Logo, diante das externalidades dos casos em estudo, investigam-se eventuais falhas do Estado na proteção da sociobiodiversidade. Para tanto, na pesquisa questiona-se: O Estado teria contribuído diretamente para a ocorrência dos desastres empresariais? O Estado é (co)responsável pelo rompimento das barragens de rejeitos da Samarco e da Vale S/A? Em que medida o Estado poderia ter evitado ou minorado seus efeitos? Na busca dessas repostas pretende-se, numa perspectiva emancipatória, prospectiva e preventiva das responsabilidades, contribuir para a elaboração de modelos jurídicos teóricos aplicáveis aos direitos dos desastres. Para tanto estudou-se as contribuições do Estado na formação histórica social da industrialização, desde a década de 1930, e como esse modelo influenciou a mineração e a geração de uma dependência nacional do capital externo. Em função desse recorte, optou-se por uma abordagem dialética com o método tipológico, utilizando a teoria de base do materialismo histórico, que tem como maior expoente Karl Marx. Como procedimento realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica (em especial daquelas calcadas na Teoria Marxista da Dependência), e a análise documental de processos judiciais e de relatórios técnicos de órgãos de controle e fiscalização do Estado. A pesquisa concluiu, com base na quantificação/qualificação dos danos e nas causas das rupturas das barragens, na (in)existência de processos efetivos de licenciamento e de fiscalização ambientais, e na segurança e proteção (ou a falta de segurança e proteção) dos Trabalhadores na mineração, que o Estado foi (co)responsável pelos desastres empresariais estudados. Prospectivamente, concluiu-se que o Estado tem o dever de alterar os rumos da mineração submetida à superexplorção capitalista globalizada, sob pena de poder ser responsabilizado em casos de futuros desastres empresariais.Universidade Federal de Santa MariaBrasilDireitoUFSMPrograma de Pós-Graduação em DireitoCentro de Ciências Sociais e HumanasGregori, Isabel Christine Silva dehttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3613134514590708Araújo, Luiz Ernani Bonesso deIrigaray, Micheli CapuanoPereira, Kleyton2023-11-09T15:40:42Z2023-11-09T15:40:42Z2023-09-26info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/30466porAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSM2023-11-09T15:40:43Zoai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/30466Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/ONGhttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestatendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.comopendoar:2023-11-09T15:40:43Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Estudo dos casos dos rompimentos das barragens de Mariana e Brumadinho sob a ótica da (co)responsabilidade do Estado Study of the cases of the ruptures of the Mariana and Brumadinho dams from the perspective of state (co)responsibility |
title |
Estudo dos casos dos rompimentos das barragens de Mariana e Brumadinho sob a ótica da (co)responsabilidade do Estado |
spellingShingle |
Estudo dos casos dos rompimentos das barragens de Mariana e Brumadinho sob a ótica da (co)responsabilidade do Estado Pereira, Kleyton Danos à sociobiodiversidade Desastres empresariais Teoria Marxista da dependência (Co)responsabilidade do Estado Damage to socio-biodiversity Business disasters Marxist dependency theory State (co)responsibility CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::DIREITO |
title_short |
Estudo dos casos dos rompimentos das barragens de Mariana e Brumadinho sob a ótica da (co)responsabilidade do Estado |
title_full |
Estudo dos casos dos rompimentos das barragens de Mariana e Brumadinho sob a ótica da (co)responsabilidade do Estado |
title_fullStr |
Estudo dos casos dos rompimentos das barragens de Mariana e Brumadinho sob a ótica da (co)responsabilidade do Estado |
title_full_unstemmed |
Estudo dos casos dos rompimentos das barragens de Mariana e Brumadinho sob a ótica da (co)responsabilidade do Estado |
title_sort |
Estudo dos casos dos rompimentos das barragens de Mariana e Brumadinho sob a ótica da (co)responsabilidade do Estado |
author |
Pereira, Kleyton |
author_facet |
Pereira, Kleyton |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Gregori, Isabel Christine Silva de http://lattes.cnpq.br/3613134514590708 Araújo, Luiz Ernani Bonesso de Irigaray, Micheli Capuano |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Pereira, Kleyton |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Danos à sociobiodiversidade Desastres empresariais Teoria Marxista da dependência (Co)responsabilidade do Estado Damage to socio-biodiversity Business disasters Marxist dependency theory State (co)responsibility CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::DIREITO |
topic |
Danos à sociobiodiversidade Desastres empresariais Teoria Marxista da dependência (Co)responsabilidade do Estado Damage to socio-biodiversity Business disasters Marxist dependency theory State (co)responsibility CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::DIREITO |
description |
The business disasters in Mariana (2015) and Brumadinho (2019) revealed to the world the externalities of mining overexploitation and its most harmful effects on socio-biodiversity. In this context, two States of the Federation, dozens of Municipalities, and more than 1 million people were directly affected by the tailings mud from the dams of Samarco and Vale S/A. The acute damage caused by the mudflow was incessantly reported by the media, generating real social commotion. Currently, local populations continue to be subjected to the chronic and silent effects (which are being qualified and quantified) of the millions of cubic meters of tailings deposited in the Doce River and São Francisco River Basins. This devastation also constitutes an injury to the Federal Constitution, which in its article 225, establishes the right to an ecologically balanced environment as a diffuse right, essential to life, and imposes its protection as a duty of the State. Therefore, in view of the externalities of the cases under study, we investigate possible failures of the State in the protection of socio-biodiversity. To this end, the research questions: Did the State directly contribute to the occurrence of business disasters? Is the State (co)responsible for the collapse of the Samarco and Vale S/A tailings dams? To what extent could the State have prevented and/or mitigated its effects? In the search for these answers, we intend, from an emancipatory, prospective and preventive perspective of responsibilities, to contribute to the elaboration of theoretical legal models applicable to disaster rights. To this end, the contributions of the State in the social historical formation of industrialization since the 1930s were studied, and how this model influenced mining and the generation of a national dependence on foreign capital. Due to this cut, we opted for a dialectical approach with the typological method, using the basic theory of historical materialism, whose greatest exponent is Karl Marx. As a procedure, bibliographic research was carried out (especially those based on the Marxist Theory of Dependence), and the documentary analysis of judicial proceedings and technical reports of state control and inspection bodies. The research concluded, based on the quantification/qualification of damages and the causes of dam ruptures, the (in)existence of effective environmental licensing and inspection processes, and the safety and protection (or lack of safety and protection) of workers in mining, that the State was (co)responsible for the business disasters studied. Prospectively, it was concluded that the State has a duty to change the course of mining subjected to globalized capitalist overexploitation, under penalty of being held responsible in cases of future business disasters. |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-11-09T15:40:42Z 2023-11-09T15:40:42Z 2023-09-26 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/30466 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/30466 |
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por |
language |
por |
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
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application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Direito UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito Centro de Ciências Sociais e Humanas |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Direito UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito Centro de Ciências Sociais e Humanas |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM instname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) instacron:UFSM |
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Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
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UFSM |
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UFSM |
reponame_str |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
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Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
atendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.com |
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1805922090585423872 |