Patulina em maçãs armazenadas em atmosfera controlada dinâmica utilizando UPLC-MS/MS e monitoramento em supermercados
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2017 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/13676 |
Resumo: | The goal of this study was to evaluate the patulin contamination in post-harvest apples submitted to different storage conditions under controlled atmosphere (CA), in addition to apples and juices available in supermarkets. In relation to apples submitted to storage, two independent experiments were performed. The first experiment was conducted in a completely randomized 2x3 factorial, totaling six treatments with four replications. Factor A was presence and absence of 1-MCP. The factor B was: i) CA with 1.2 kPa O2 and 2.0 kPa CO2; ii) DCA with chlorophyll fluorescence measurement (ACD-FC); and iii) DCA with respiratory quotient monitoring (ACD-QR 1,3). The second experiment was also conducted in a completely randomized design, totaling three treatments with four replicates. The conditions were: i) CA with 1.2 kPa O2 and 2.0 kPa CO2; ii) DCA-CF; and iii) DCA-RQ 1.3. In both experiments were used fruits from commercial orchards of the Vacaria - RS city, being stored for nine months in the mentioned conditions plus seven days of exposure at 20 °C to simulate the shelf life. Afterwards, the fruits were submitted to the analysis: decay incidence, percentage of healthy fruits and patulin occurrence. In addition, contamination with patulin was evaluated in apples and juices commercially available in supermarkets in all regions of the Santa Maria - RS city. Analytical method for patulin determination in apples and apple juice was developed and validated in CEPARC. In this method, samples were extracted with acidified ethyl acetate followed by the addition of Na 2SO4. The cleanup step uses silica and Na2 SO4). The solvent was evaporated at 65 °C and residue dissolved in acetonitrile: water (75:25). The analytical technique employed was UPLC-MS/MS. The results showed that the studied conditions of CA and DCA were not efficient to prevent the production of patulin, in both the 'Galaxy' and 'Fuji Kiku' apples, under the conditions studied in addition to 7 days exposure at 20 ºC. Healthy fruits were not contaminated with patulin present in fruits with rot. For apples 'Galaxy', the application of 1-MCP increased the percentage of fruits with rot and the patulin concentration, being not advantageous its application in this cultivar. In the 'Fuji Kiku' apples there was no significant difference between CA and DCA-CF and DCA-RQ 1.3 in the patulin concentration, although all the fruits of this cultivar showed patulin contamination even though values lower than the LMT of 50 μg kg-1. The apple and apple juice samples monitoring collected in supermarkets evidenced the presence of patulin in both matrices, with concentrations ranging from <LOQ (25 μg kg-1) to 754.4 μg kg-1, showed samples with concentrations well above the limit established by Brazilian legislation. Future studies are needed to increase the apple conservation potential, related to the new techniques of DCA (CF and RQ) and 1-MCP application in the rot determination and patulin contamination, because due to the high perishability of this fruit, control of maturation is fundamental to the increase in the shelf life postharvest, aiming at the internal market and export. In addition, the data obtained in the monitoring serve as indicative, requiring the continuation in different agricultural years. |
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Patulina em maçãs armazenadas em atmosfera controlada dinâmica utilizando UPLC-MS/MS e monitoramento em supermercadosPatulin in apples storade in dynamic controlled atmosphere by UPLC-MS/MS and monitoring in supermarketsMalus domestica Borkh.MicotoxinasPós-colheita1-metilciclopropenoQuociente respiratórioFluorescência de clorofilaMonitoramentoMycotoxinsRespiratory quotientChlorophyll fluorescenceMonitoringPostharvest1-methylcyclopropeneCNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::QUIMICAThe goal of this study was to evaluate the patulin contamination in post-harvest apples submitted to different storage conditions under controlled atmosphere (CA), in addition to apples and juices available in supermarkets. In relation to apples submitted to storage, two independent experiments were performed. The first experiment was conducted in a completely randomized 2x3 factorial, totaling six treatments with four replications. Factor A was presence and absence of 1-MCP. The factor B was: i) CA with 1.2 kPa O2 and 2.0 kPa CO2; ii) DCA with chlorophyll fluorescence measurement (ACD-FC); and iii) DCA with respiratory quotient monitoring (ACD-QR 1,3). The second experiment was also conducted in a completely randomized design, totaling three treatments with four replicates. The conditions were: i) CA with 1.2 kPa O2 and 2.0 kPa CO2; ii) DCA-CF; and iii) DCA-RQ 1.3. In both experiments were used fruits from commercial orchards of the Vacaria - RS city, being stored for nine months in the mentioned conditions plus seven days of exposure at 20 °C to simulate the shelf life. Afterwards, the fruits were submitted to the analysis: decay incidence, percentage of healthy fruits and patulin occurrence. In addition, contamination with patulin was evaluated in apples and juices commercially available in supermarkets in all regions of the Santa Maria - RS city. Analytical method for patulin determination in apples and apple juice was developed and validated in CEPARC. In this method, samples were extracted with acidified ethyl acetate followed by the addition of Na 2SO4. The cleanup step uses silica and Na2 SO4). The solvent was evaporated at 65 °C and residue dissolved in acetonitrile: water (75:25). The analytical technique employed was UPLC-MS/MS. The results showed that the studied conditions of CA and DCA were not efficient to prevent the production of patulin, in both the 'Galaxy' and 'Fuji Kiku' apples, under the conditions studied in addition to 7 days exposure at 20 ºC. Healthy fruits were not contaminated with patulin present in fruits with rot. For apples 'Galaxy', the application of 1-MCP increased the percentage of fruits with rot and the patulin concentration, being not advantageous its application in this cultivar. In the 'Fuji Kiku' apples there was no significant difference between CA and DCA-CF and DCA-RQ 1.3 in the patulin concentration, although all the fruits of this cultivar showed patulin contamination even though values lower than the LMT of 50 μg kg-1. The apple and apple juice samples monitoring collected in supermarkets evidenced the presence of patulin in both matrices, with concentrations ranging from <LOQ (25 μg kg-1) to 754.4 μg kg-1, showed samples with concentrations well above the limit established by Brazilian legislation. Future studies are needed to increase the apple conservation potential, related to the new techniques of DCA (CF and RQ) and 1-MCP application in the rot determination and patulin contamination, because due to the high perishability of this fruit, control of maturation is fundamental to the increase in the shelf life postharvest, aiming at the internal market and export. In addition, the data obtained in the monitoring serve as indicative, requiring the continuation in different agricultural years.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESEste trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o grau de contaminação de patulina em maçãs na pós-colheita submetidas a diferentes condições de armazenamento em atmosfera controlada (AC), além de maçãs e sucos disponíveis em supermercados. Em relação às maçãs submetidas ao armazenamento, foram realizados dois experimentos independentes. O primeiro experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x3, totalizando seis tratamentos com quatro repetições. O fator A consistiu da presença e ausência de 1-MCP. O fator B consistiu: i) AC com 1,2 kPa de O2 e 2,0 kPa de CO2; ii) ACD com medição de fluorescência de clorofila (ACD-FC); e iii) ACD com monitoramento do quociente respiratório (ACD-QR 1,3). O segundo experimento também foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, porém em esquema unifatorial, totalizando três tratamentos com quatro repetições. As condições foram: i) AC com 1,2 kPa de O2 e 2,0 kPa de CO2; ii) ACD-FC; e iii) ACD-QR 1,3. Em ambos os experimentos foram utilizados frutos provenientes de pomares comerciais da cidade de Vacaria – RS, sendo armazenados durante nove meses nas condições citadas mais sete dias de exposição a 20 °C para simular a vida de prateleira. Posteriormente, os frutos foram submetidos às análises de: ocorrência de podridões, porcentagem de frutos sadios e ocorrência de patulina. Além disso, contaminação com patulina foi avaliada em maçãs e sucos disponíveis comercialmente em supermercados de diferentes regiões da cidade de Santa Maria - RS. O método analítico para determinação de patulina em maçãs e suco de maçã foi desenvolvido e validado no CEPARC. Neste método a amostra foi extraída com acetato de etila acidificada seguida da adição de Na2SO4 e posterior etapa de purificação (sílica e Na2SO4). O solvente foi evaporado a 65 ºC e o resíduo dissolvido em acetonitrila:água (75:25). A técnica analítica empregada foi a UPLC-MS/MS. Os resultados evidenciaram que as condições estudadas de AC e ACD não foram eficientes para impedir a produção de patulina, tanto nas maçãs ‘Galaxy’ quanto nas ‘Fuji Kiku’, nas condições estudadas somadas a exposição de 7 dias a 20 ºC. Os frutos sadios não foram contaminados com patulina presente nos frutos com podridão armazenados na mesma câmara. Para maçãs ‘Galaxy’, a aplicação do 1-MCP aumentou a porcentagem de frutos com podridão e a concentração de patulina, não sendo vantajosa sua aplicação nesta cultivar. Nas maçãs ‘Fuji Kiku’ não houve diferença significativa entre AC e ACD-FC e ACD-QR 1,3 na concentração de patulina, embora todos os frutos desta cultivar tenham apresentado contaminação de patulina mesmo que com valores inferiores ao LMT de 50 μg kg-1. O monitoramento de amostras de maçã e suco de maçã coletadas nos supermercados evidenciou a presença de patulina em ambas as matrizes, com concentrações variando entre <LOQ (25 μg kg-1) a 1297,9 μg kg-1, verificando-se a existência de amostras com concentrações muito acima do limite estabelecido pela legislação brasileira. Futuros estudos são necessários para aumentar o potencial de conservação de maçã, relacionados às novas técnicas de ACD (FC e QR) e aplicação de 1-MCP na determinação de podridões e contaminação por patulina, pois devido à perecibilidade desta fruta, o controle do amadurecimento é fundamental para o aumento da vida útil após a colheita, visando ao mercado interno e a exportação. Além disso, os dados obtidos no monitoramento servem como indicativo, havendo a necessidade de sua continuação em distintos anos agrícolas.Universidade Federal de Santa MariaBrasilQuímicaUFSMPrograma de Pós-Graduação em QuímicaCentro de Ciências Naturais e ExatasPizzutti, Ionara Reginahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3883506164936996Brackmann, Aurihttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1305840929832646Fogaça, Aline de Oliveirahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4441961081202251Santos, Ingrid Duarte dos2018-07-05T19:41:10Z2018-07-05T19:41:10Z2017-03-31info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/13676porAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSM2022-08-05T18:44:54Zoai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/13676Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/ONGhttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestatendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.comopendoar:2022-08-05T18:44:54Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Patulina em maçãs armazenadas em atmosfera controlada dinâmica utilizando UPLC-MS/MS e monitoramento em supermercados Patulin in apples storade in dynamic controlled atmosphere by UPLC-MS/MS and monitoring in supermarkets |
title |
Patulina em maçãs armazenadas em atmosfera controlada dinâmica utilizando UPLC-MS/MS e monitoramento em supermercados |
spellingShingle |
Patulina em maçãs armazenadas em atmosfera controlada dinâmica utilizando UPLC-MS/MS e monitoramento em supermercados Santos, Ingrid Duarte dos Malus domestica Borkh. Micotoxinas Pós-colheita 1-metilciclopropeno Quociente respiratório Fluorescência de clorofila Monitoramento Mycotoxins Respiratory quotient Chlorophyll fluorescence Monitoring Postharvest 1-methylcyclopropene CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::QUIMICA |
title_short |
Patulina em maçãs armazenadas em atmosfera controlada dinâmica utilizando UPLC-MS/MS e monitoramento em supermercados |
title_full |
Patulina em maçãs armazenadas em atmosfera controlada dinâmica utilizando UPLC-MS/MS e monitoramento em supermercados |
title_fullStr |
Patulina em maçãs armazenadas em atmosfera controlada dinâmica utilizando UPLC-MS/MS e monitoramento em supermercados |
title_full_unstemmed |
Patulina em maçãs armazenadas em atmosfera controlada dinâmica utilizando UPLC-MS/MS e monitoramento em supermercados |
title_sort |
Patulina em maçãs armazenadas em atmosfera controlada dinâmica utilizando UPLC-MS/MS e monitoramento em supermercados |
author |
Santos, Ingrid Duarte dos |
author_facet |
Santos, Ingrid Duarte dos |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Pizzutti, Ionara Regina http://lattes.cnpq.br/3883506164936996 Brackmann, Auri http://lattes.cnpq.br/1305840929832646 Fogaça, Aline de Oliveira http://lattes.cnpq.br/4441961081202251 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Santos, Ingrid Duarte dos |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Malus domestica Borkh. Micotoxinas Pós-colheita 1-metilciclopropeno Quociente respiratório Fluorescência de clorofila Monitoramento Mycotoxins Respiratory quotient Chlorophyll fluorescence Monitoring Postharvest 1-methylcyclopropene CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::QUIMICA |
topic |
Malus domestica Borkh. Micotoxinas Pós-colheita 1-metilciclopropeno Quociente respiratório Fluorescência de clorofila Monitoramento Mycotoxins Respiratory quotient Chlorophyll fluorescence Monitoring Postharvest 1-methylcyclopropene CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::QUIMICA |
description |
The goal of this study was to evaluate the patulin contamination in post-harvest apples submitted to different storage conditions under controlled atmosphere (CA), in addition to apples and juices available in supermarkets. In relation to apples submitted to storage, two independent experiments were performed. The first experiment was conducted in a completely randomized 2x3 factorial, totaling six treatments with four replications. Factor A was presence and absence of 1-MCP. The factor B was: i) CA with 1.2 kPa O2 and 2.0 kPa CO2; ii) DCA with chlorophyll fluorescence measurement (ACD-FC); and iii) DCA with respiratory quotient monitoring (ACD-QR 1,3). The second experiment was also conducted in a completely randomized design, totaling three treatments with four replicates. The conditions were: i) CA with 1.2 kPa O2 and 2.0 kPa CO2; ii) DCA-CF; and iii) DCA-RQ 1.3. In both experiments were used fruits from commercial orchards of the Vacaria - RS city, being stored for nine months in the mentioned conditions plus seven days of exposure at 20 °C to simulate the shelf life. Afterwards, the fruits were submitted to the analysis: decay incidence, percentage of healthy fruits and patulin occurrence. In addition, contamination with patulin was evaluated in apples and juices commercially available in supermarkets in all regions of the Santa Maria - RS city. Analytical method for patulin determination in apples and apple juice was developed and validated in CEPARC. In this method, samples were extracted with acidified ethyl acetate followed by the addition of Na 2SO4. The cleanup step uses silica and Na2 SO4). The solvent was evaporated at 65 °C and residue dissolved in acetonitrile: water (75:25). The analytical technique employed was UPLC-MS/MS. The results showed that the studied conditions of CA and DCA were not efficient to prevent the production of patulin, in both the 'Galaxy' and 'Fuji Kiku' apples, under the conditions studied in addition to 7 days exposure at 20 ºC. Healthy fruits were not contaminated with patulin present in fruits with rot. For apples 'Galaxy', the application of 1-MCP increased the percentage of fruits with rot and the patulin concentration, being not advantageous its application in this cultivar. In the 'Fuji Kiku' apples there was no significant difference between CA and DCA-CF and DCA-RQ 1.3 in the patulin concentration, although all the fruits of this cultivar showed patulin contamination even though values lower than the LMT of 50 μg kg-1. The apple and apple juice samples monitoring collected in supermarkets evidenced the presence of patulin in both matrices, with concentrations ranging from <LOQ (25 μg kg-1) to 754.4 μg kg-1, showed samples with concentrations well above the limit established by Brazilian legislation. Future studies are needed to increase the apple conservation potential, related to the new techniques of DCA (CF and RQ) and 1-MCP application in the rot determination and patulin contamination, because due to the high perishability of this fruit, control of maturation is fundamental to the increase in the shelf life postharvest, aiming at the internal market and export. In addition, the data obtained in the monitoring serve as indicative, requiring the continuation in different agricultural years. |
publishDate |
2017 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2017-03-31 2018-07-05T19:41:10Z 2018-07-05T19:41:10Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/13676 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/13676 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Química UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Química UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM instname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) instacron:UFSM |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
instacron_str |
UFSM |
institution |
UFSM |
reponame_str |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
collection |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
atendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.com |
_version_ |
1805922070470590464 |