Desenvolvimento de formulações para potencializar a ação de metabólitos de Phoma dimorpha no controle biológico de plantas daninhas
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2019 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/20760 |
Resumo: | In the last decades, the agricultural sector has faced many difficulties due to damage caused by the presence of weeds in several crops, causing significant losses in food production. Among the alternatives for reducing losses, stands out the biological control based on the use of biosynthesized secondary metabolites by microorganisms, being the group of endophyte fungi the most used. In addition to concentration of these metabolites, it is necessary to determine the formulation processes that provide the final product with stability, wettability, spreadability and plant penetration. Thus, the general objective of this work was to develop formulations to enhance the action of fermented broth from Phoma dimorpha concentrate concentrated by membrane separation processes in biological weed control. Evaluating the efficacy and viability of three methods of preserving isolates of this fungus (periodic subcultures, Castellani and filter paper fragments), in two evaluation periods; to evaluate the efficiency of the use of different methods for overcoming seed dormancy of rice grass (Echinochloa spp.), purple amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus), black-jack (Bidens pilosa) and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) weeds, produce bioactive compounds from submerged fermentation of P. dimorpha; concentrate the bioactive compounds present in the crude fermentation broth of P. dimopha by ultrafiltration (UP010), microfiltration (MP005) and nanofiltration (NP010) membranes and investigate the effectiveness of the crude fermentation broth of P. dimorpha fungus from permeate and retentate fraction and formulations in the biological control of different plant species: cucumber (Cucumis sativus), rice grass (Echinochloa spp.), purple amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus), black-jack (Bidens pilosa) and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia). Based on the results it was observed that the filter paper fragment was the most effective method for preserving P. dimorpha isolates. To overcome weed seed dormancy, it was found that the mechanical scarification method with sandpaper was the most efficient for Senna obtusifolia; for Bidens pilosa, Echinochloa sp. and Amaranthus cruentus the most efficient method was soaking in water for 48 hours. Regardless of membrane used in fermentation broth concentration process, the surface tension of retentate fraction was reduced to below the broth values. It was also found that the concentration intensified the phytotoxic effect of concentrated broth (retentate fraction) on detached leaves of C. sativus independent of membrane used. The concentrated broth (retentate fraction) formulations from each membrane, regardless of vegetable oil and target weed species, caused injuries, from small spots, yellowing and leaf necrosis, to damage to apical bud, growth paralysis and by end plant death. |
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Desenvolvimento de formulações para potencializar a ação de metabólitos de Phoma dimorpha no controle biológico de plantas daninhasDevelopment of formulations to potentialize the metabolites action of Phoma dimorpha in biological control of weedControle biológicoPreservação de fungoSuperação de dormênciaConcentração por membranaFormulaçãoPhoma dimorphaBiological controlPreservation of fungusOvercoming dormancyMembrane concentrationFormulationCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLAIn the last decades, the agricultural sector has faced many difficulties due to damage caused by the presence of weeds in several crops, causing significant losses in food production. Among the alternatives for reducing losses, stands out the biological control based on the use of biosynthesized secondary metabolites by microorganisms, being the group of endophyte fungi the most used. In addition to concentration of these metabolites, it is necessary to determine the formulation processes that provide the final product with stability, wettability, spreadability and plant penetration. Thus, the general objective of this work was to develop formulations to enhance the action of fermented broth from Phoma dimorpha concentrate concentrated by membrane separation processes in biological weed control. Evaluating the efficacy and viability of three methods of preserving isolates of this fungus (periodic subcultures, Castellani and filter paper fragments), in two evaluation periods; to evaluate the efficiency of the use of different methods for overcoming seed dormancy of rice grass (Echinochloa spp.), purple amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus), black-jack (Bidens pilosa) and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) weeds, produce bioactive compounds from submerged fermentation of P. dimorpha; concentrate the bioactive compounds present in the crude fermentation broth of P. dimopha by ultrafiltration (UP010), microfiltration (MP005) and nanofiltration (NP010) membranes and investigate the effectiveness of the crude fermentation broth of P. dimorpha fungus from permeate and retentate fraction and formulations in the biological control of different plant species: cucumber (Cucumis sativus), rice grass (Echinochloa spp.), purple amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus), black-jack (Bidens pilosa) and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia). Based on the results it was observed that the filter paper fragment was the most effective method for preserving P. dimorpha isolates. To overcome weed seed dormancy, it was found that the mechanical scarification method with sandpaper was the most efficient for Senna obtusifolia; for Bidens pilosa, Echinochloa sp. and Amaranthus cruentus the most efficient method was soaking in water for 48 hours. Regardless of membrane used in fermentation broth concentration process, the surface tension of retentate fraction was reduced to below the broth values. It was also found that the concentration intensified the phytotoxic effect of concentrated broth (retentate fraction) on detached leaves of C. sativus independent of membrane used. The concentrated broth (retentate fraction) formulations from each membrane, regardless of vegetable oil and target weed species, caused injuries, from small spots, yellowing and leaf necrosis, to damage to apical bud, growth paralysis and by end plant death.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESNas últimas décadas, o setor agrícola enfrenta inúmeras dificuldades devido aos danos causados pela presença de plantas daninhas em diversas culturas, ocasionando perdas expressivas na produção de alimentos. Dentre as alternativas para redução das perdas, destaca-se o controle biológico baseado no uso de metabólitos secundários biosintetizados por microrganismos, sendo o grupo dos fungos endófitos os mais empregados. Além de realizar a concentração destes metabólitos, é necessário determinar os processos de formulação que proporcionem ao produto final, estabilidade, molhabilidade, espalhabilidade e penetração nas plantas. Assim, o objetivo geral deste trabalho foi desenvolver formulações para potencializar a ação do caldo fermentado proveniente do fungo Phoma dimorpha concentrado por processos de separação por membranas, no controle biológico de plantas daninhas. Foram avaliadas também a eficácia e viabilidade de três métodos de preservação de isolados deste fungo (repicagens periódicas, Castellani e fragmentos de papel-filtro), em dois períodos de avaliação; eficiência da utilização de diferentes métodos para superação de dormência de sementes das plantas daninhas capim-arroz (Echinochloa spp.), caruru-roxo (Amaranthus cruentus), picão-preto (Bidens pilosa) e mata-pasto (Senna obtusifolia). Os compostos bioativos produzidos a partir da fermentação submersa do fungo P. dimorpha foram concentrados por ultrafiltração (UP010), microfiltração (MP005) e nanofltração (NP010) e foi investigado a eficácia do caldo fermentado bruto do fungo P. dimorpha, da fração permeada e retida e das formulações no controle biológico de diferentes espécies de plantas: Pepino (Cucumis sativus) capim-arroz (Echinochloa spp.), caruru-roxo (Amaranthus cruentus), picão-preto (Bidens pilosa) e mata-pasto (Senna obtusifolia). Com base nos resultados observou-se que o fragmento de papel filtro foi o método mais eficaz na preservação de isolados de P. dimorpha. Para a superação de dormência das sementes das plantas daninhas, constatou-se que o método de escarificação mecânica com lixa foi o mais eficiente para a espécie Senna obtusifolia; já para as espécies Bidens pilosa, Echinochloa sp. e Amaranthus cruentus o método mais eficiente foi a embebição em água por 48 horas. Independente da membrana utilizada no processo de concentração do caldo fermentado, ocorreu a redução da tensão superficial da fração retida, ficando abaixo dos valores do caldo bruto. Constatou-se também que a concentração intensificou o efeito fitotóxico do caldo sobre folhas destacadas de C. sativus independente da membrana utilizada. As formulações do caldo concentrado provenientes de cada membrana, independente do óleo vegetal e da espécie de planta daninha alvo, ocasionaram injúrias, desde pequenas manchas, amarelecimentos e necrose nas folhas, até danos a gema apical, paralisação do crescimento e por fim morte de plantas. As formulações com a fração retida do caldo proveniente da membrana de nanofiltração (NP010) ocasionaram maior controle das plantas daninhas com porcentagens de ação herbicida superiores a 73%.Universidade Federal de Santa MariaBrasilEngenharia AgrícolaUFSMPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia AgrícolaCentro de Ciências RuraisTres, Marcus Viníciushttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3057214179765618Mazutti, Marcio AntonioDi Luccio, MarcoDallago, Rogério MarcosZabot, Giovani LeoneFerreira, Paulo Ademar AvelarChaves Neto, José Roberto2021-05-03T14:33:18Z2021-05-03T14:33:18Z2019-12-13info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisapplication/pdfhttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/20760porAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSM2021-05-04T06:03:11Zoai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/20760Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/ONGhttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestatendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.comopendoar:2021-05-04T06:03:11Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Desenvolvimento de formulações para potencializar a ação de metabólitos de Phoma dimorpha no controle biológico de plantas daninhas Development of formulations to potentialize the metabolites action of Phoma dimorpha in biological control of weed |
title |
Desenvolvimento de formulações para potencializar a ação de metabólitos de Phoma dimorpha no controle biológico de plantas daninhas |
spellingShingle |
Desenvolvimento de formulações para potencializar a ação de metabólitos de Phoma dimorpha no controle biológico de plantas daninhas Chaves Neto, José Roberto Controle biológico Preservação de fungo Superação de dormência Concentração por membrana Formulação Phoma dimorpha Biological control Preservation of fungus Overcoming dormancy Membrane concentration Formulation CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA |
title_short |
Desenvolvimento de formulações para potencializar a ação de metabólitos de Phoma dimorpha no controle biológico de plantas daninhas |
title_full |
Desenvolvimento de formulações para potencializar a ação de metabólitos de Phoma dimorpha no controle biológico de plantas daninhas |
title_fullStr |
Desenvolvimento de formulações para potencializar a ação de metabólitos de Phoma dimorpha no controle biológico de plantas daninhas |
title_full_unstemmed |
Desenvolvimento de formulações para potencializar a ação de metabólitos de Phoma dimorpha no controle biológico de plantas daninhas |
title_sort |
Desenvolvimento de formulações para potencializar a ação de metabólitos de Phoma dimorpha no controle biológico de plantas daninhas |
author |
Chaves Neto, José Roberto |
author_facet |
Chaves Neto, José Roberto |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Tres, Marcus Vinícius http://lattes.cnpq.br/3057214179765618 Mazutti, Marcio Antonio Di Luccio, Marco Dallago, Rogério Marcos Zabot, Giovani Leone Ferreira, Paulo Ademar Avelar |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Chaves Neto, José Roberto |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Controle biológico Preservação de fungo Superação de dormência Concentração por membrana Formulação Phoma dimorpha Biological control Preservation of fungus Overcoming dormancy Membrane concentration Formulation CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA |
topic |
Controle biológico Preservação de fungo Superação de dormência Concentração por membrana Formulação Phoma dimorpha Biological control Preservation of fungus Overcoming dormancy Membrane concentration Formulation CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA |
description |
In the last decades, the agricultural sector has faced many difficulties due to damage caused by the presence of weeds in several crops, causing significant losses in food production. Among the alternatives for reducing losses, stands out the biological control based on the use of biosynthesized secondary metabolites by microorganisms, being the group of endophyte fungi the most used. In addition to concentration of these metabolites, it is necessary to determine the formulation processes that provide the final product with stability, wettability, spreadability and plant penetration. Thus, the general objective of this work was to develop formulations to enhance the action of fermented broth from Phoma dimorpha concentrate concentrated by membrane separation processes in biological weed control. Evaluating the efficacy and viability of three methods of preserving isolates of this fungus (periodic subcultures, Castellani and filter paper fragments), in two evaluation periods; to evaluate the efficiency of the use of different methods for overcoming seed dormancy of rice grass (Echinochloa spp.), purple amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus), black-jack (Bidens pilosa) and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) weeds, produce bioactive compounds from submerged fermentation of P. dimorpha; concentrate the bioactive compounds present in the crude fermentation broth of P. dimopha by ultrafiltration (UP010), microfiltration (MP005) and nanofiltration (NP010) membranes and investigate the effectiveness of the crude fermentation broth of P. dimorpha fungus from permeate and retentate fraction and formulations in the biological control of different plant species: cucumber (Cucumis sativus), rice grass (Echinochloa spp.), purple amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus), black-jack (Bidens pilosa) and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia). Based on the results it was observed that the filter paper fragment was the most effective method for preserving P. dimorpha isolates. To overcome weed seed dormancy, it was found that the mechanical scarification method with sandpaper was the most efficient for Senna obtusifolia; for Bidens pilosa, Echinochloa sp. and Amaranthus cruentus the most efficient method was soaking in water for 48 hours. Regardless of membrane used in fermentation broth concentration process, the surface tension of retentate fraction was reduced to below the broth values. It was also found that the concentration intensified the phytotoxic effect of concentrated broth (retentate fraction) on detached leaves of C. sativus independent of membrane used. The concentrated broth (retentate fraction) formulations from each membrane, regardless of vegetable oil and target weed species, caused injuries, from small spots, yellowing and leaf necrosis, to damage to apical bud, growth paralysis and by end plant death. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-12-13 2021-05-03T14:33:18Z 2021-05-03T14:33:18Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/20760 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/20760 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Engenharia Agrícola UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola Centro de Ciências Rurais |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Engenharia Agrícola UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola Centro de Ciências Rurais |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM instname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) instacron:UFSM |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
instacron_str |
UFSM |
institution |
UFSM |
reponame_str |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
collection |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
atendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.com |
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1805922147593355264 |