Eficiência nas emissões de gás carbônico nos países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2019 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/21159 |
Resumo: | In the current context, where a number of catastrophic phenomena arising from climate change are placing many concerns and challenges on humanity, it is natural that climate policy-makers should be aware of how countries are, not only using natural resources in their production processes, but also how each nation contributes to the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere. Therefore, the need of plotting strategies to mitigate the harmful effects of global warming has led to joint articulations actions among countries around the world. However, for these strategies to lead to the solution of the problems, a deep knowledge of the characteristics of each country is necessary as far as its current and historical environmental performances are concerned. Considering also that climate changes can jeopardize the continuous economic growth, it is necessary to understand how the environmental variables are related to the economic ones. In this sense, the present study intends to investigate the relationship between CO2 emissions, a major GHG originated from human action, and economic growth, as well as to verify the environmental performance of these emissions in a sample of 161 countries included in the Paris Agreement. By means of the Stochastic Production Frontier estimation, the technical and environmental efficiency scores have been calculated through a data panel comprising 161 groups and 28 years, resulting in 4508 observations. To the traditional inputs of the neoclassical production function (capital and labor), the variables "CO2 emissions" were incorporated, aiming to analyze the importance of that for the increase in the countries’ GDP, and a variable of time, with the purpose of obtaining the effects of technical progress. Comparisons were made between sample countries with emphasis on the differences between developed and developing countries. The main results suggest that CO2 emissions are indeed essential to economic growth, especially in industrialized countries. Technical progress has led to an improvement in the performance of all inputs (including emissions) in developed countries. However, in developing countries, it appears to have led to a reduction in the use of the "labor" factor, and does not help to make better use of emissions as input. The analysis of the efficiencies suggests that the technical performance of the countries was much higher than the environmental performance, showing a medium score of technical efficiency relatively high, while the average environmental scores were very low. The industrialized countries were the ones that presented the greatest scores of technical efficiency, but they were inefficient on CO2 emissions. |
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2021-06-21T11:42:38Z2021-06-21T11:42:38Z2019-02-25http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/21159In the current context, where a number of catastrophic phenomena arising from climate change are placing many concerns and challenges on humanity, it is natural that climate policy-makers should be aware of how countries are, not only using natural resources in their production processes, but also how each nation contributes to the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere. Therefore, the need of plotting strategies to mitigate the harmful effects of global warming has led to joint articulations actions among countries around the world. However, for these strategies to lead to the solution of the problems, a deep knowledge of the characteristics of each country is necessary as far as its current and historical environmental performances are concerned. Considering also that climate changes can jeopardize the continuous economic growth, it is necessary to understand how the environmental variables are related to the economic ones. In this sense, the present study intends to investigate the relationship between CO2 emissions, a major GHG originated from human action, and economic growth, as well as to verify the environmental performance of these emissions in a sample of 161 countries included in the Paris Agreement. By means of the Stochastic Production Frontier estimation, the technical and environmental efficiency scores have been calculated through a data panel comprising 161 groups and 28 years, resulting in 4508 observations. To the traditional inputs of the neoclassical production function (capital and labor), the variables "CO2 emissions" were incorporated, aiming to analyze the importance of that for the increase in the countries’ GDP, and a variable of time, with the purpose of obtaining the effects of technical progress. Comparisons were made between sample countries with emphasis on the differences between developed and developing countries. The main results suggest that CO2 emissions are indeed essential to economic growth, especially in industrialized countries. Technical progress has led to an improvement in the performance of all inputs (including emissions) in developed countries. However, in developing countries, it appears to have led to a reduction in the use of the "labor" factor, and does not help to make better use of emissions as input. The analysis of the efficiencies suggests that the technical performance of the countries was much higher than the environmental performance, showing a medium score of technical efficiency relatively high, while the average environmental scores were very low. The industrialized countries were the ones that presented the greatest scores of technical efficiency, but they were inefficient on CO2 emissions.No contexto atual, em que diversos fenômenos catastróficos derivados das mudanças climáticas impõem cada vez mais preocupações e desafios para a humanidade, é natural que os formuladores de políticas climáticas devam estar atentos à forma com que os países estão, não apenas utilizando os recursos naturais em seus processos produtivos, mas também, de que forma cada nação contribui para o acúmulo de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) na atmosfera. Portanto, a necessidade de elaboração de estratégias para mitigação dos efeitos nocivos do aquecimento global tem levado a articulações de ações conjunta entre os países de todo o mundo. Contudo, para que essas estratégias levem à solução dos problemas, é necessário um profundo conhecimento das características de cada país quanto às suas performances ambientais atuais e históricas. Considerando, ainda, que mudanças climáticas podem colocar em risco o contínuo crescimento econômico, é necessário entender como as variáveis ambientais se relacionam com as econômicas. Nesse sentido o presente estudo se propõe a averiguar a relação existente entre as emissões de CO2, um dos principais GEE originado da ação humana, e crescimento econômico, bem como verificar as performances ambientais dessas emissões em uma amostra de 161 países integrantes do Acordo de Paris. Através da estimação da Fronteira Estocástica de Produção, foram calculados os escores de eficiência técnica e ambiental utilizando um painel de dados compreendendo 161 grupos e 28 anos, resultando em 4508 observações. Aos insumos tradicionais da função de produção neoclássica (capital e trabalho), foram incorporadas as variáveis “emissões de CO2”, visando analisar a importância que esta possui para o aumento no PIB dos países, e uma variável de tempo, com o intuito de auferir os efeitos do progresso técnico. Foram realizadas comparações entre os países da amostra dando ênfase às diferenças de performances entre os países desenvolvidos em os em desenvolvimento. Os principais resultados sugerem que as emissões de CO2 são, de fato, imprescindíveis ao crescimento econômico, sobretudo nos países industrializados. O progresso técnico, por sua vez, provocou uma melhora no desempenho de todos os insumos (inclusive das emissões) nos países desenvolvidos. Contudo, nos países em desenvolvimento, parece ter ocasionado uma redução na utilização do fator “mão-de-obra”, além de não auxiliar em uma melhor utilização das emissões enquanto insumo produtivo. A análise das eficiências sugere que a performance técnica dos países foi muito maior do que a ambiental, apresentando escore médio de eficiência técnica relativamente alto, enquanto que os escores médios ambientais foram muito baixos. Os países industrializados foram os que apresentaram maior eficiência técnica, porém, se mostraram ineficientes quanto às emissões de CO2.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESporUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaCentro de Ciências Sociais e HumanasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Economia e DesenvolvimentoUFSMBrasilEconomiaAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessEficiência ambientalEficiência técnicaEmissões de CO2Fronteira estocástica de produçãoEnvironmental efficiencyTechnical efficiencyCO2 emissionsStochastic production frontierCNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIAEficiência nas emissões de gás carbônico nos países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimentoEfficiency in carbon gas emissions in developed and developing countriesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisGiacomelli Sobrinho, Valnyhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1995969396329156Freitas, Clailton Ataídes deDenardin, Anderson AntonioSoares, Thiago Costahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2707419724049842Pellenz, Jéssica de Lima da Vida600300000000600600600600600600d7aa5b68-bda0-40ae-bf22-82fe261e9981e1df63ef-17ae-41d4-89c1-b4c28fdf2fba1d4b06da-3cbd-440f-b15f-975a89a5b0ce47b98659-fa36-413d-b63b-013afef99daa52e18ed1-9aac-45f5-b58d-1f52f47ba5a7reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSMCC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; 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dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Eficiência nas emissões de gás carbônico nos países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Efficiency in carbon gas emissions in developed and developing countries |
title |
Eficiência nas emissões de gás carbônico nos países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento |
spellingShingle |
Eficiência nas emissões de gás carbônico nos países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento Pellenz, Jéssica de Lima da Vida Eficiência ambiental Eficiência técnica Emissões de CO2 Fronteira estocástica de produção Environmental efficiency Technical efficiency CO2 emissions Stochastic production frontier CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA |
title_short |
Eficiência nas emissões de gás carbônico nos países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento |
title_full |
Eficiência nas emissões de gás carbônico nos países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento |
title_fullStr |
Eficiência nas emissões de gás carbônico nos países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento |
title_full_unstemmed |
Eficiência nas emissões de gás carbônico nos países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento |
title_sort |
Eficiência nas emissões de gás carbônico nos países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento |
author |
Pellenz, Jéssica de Lima da Vida |
author_facet |
Pellenz, Jéssica de Lima da Vida |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Giacomelli Sobrinho, Valny |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/1995969396329156 |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv |
Freitas, Clailton Ataídes de |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Denardin, Anderson Antonio |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Soares, Thiago Costa |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2707419724049842 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Pellenz, Jéssica de Lima da Vida |
contributor_str_mv |
Giacomelli Sobrinho, Valny Freitas, Clailton Ataídes de Denardin, Anderson Antonio Soares, Thiago Costa |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Eficiência ambiental Eficiência técnica Emissões de CO2 Fronteira estocástica de produção |
topic |
Eficiência ambiental Eficiência técnica Emissões de CO2 Fronteira estocástica de produção Environmental efficiency Technical efficiency CO2 emissions Stochastic production frontier CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Environmental efficiency Technical efficiency CO2 emissions Stochastic production frontier |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA |
description |
In the current context, where a number of catastrophic phenomena arising from climate change are placing many concerns and challenges on humanity, it is natural that climate policy-makers should be aware of how countries are, not only using natural resources in their production processes, but also how each nation contributes to the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere. Therefore, the need of plotting strategies to mitigate the harmful effects of global warming has led to joint articulations actions among countries around the world. However, for these strategies to lead to the solution of the problems, a deep knowledge of the characteristics of each country is necessary as far as its current and historical environmental performances are concerned. Considering also that climate changes can jeopardize the continuous economic growth, it is necessary to understand how the environmental variables are related to the economic ones. In this sense, the present study intends to investigate the relationship between CO2 emissions, a major GHG originated from human action, and economic growth, as well as to verify the environmental performance of these emissions in a sample of 161 countries included in the Paris Agreement. By means of the Stochastic Production Frontier estimation, the technical and environmental efficiency scores have been calculated through a data panel comprising 161 groups and 28 years, resulting in 4508 observations. To the traditional inputs of the neoclassical production function (capital and labor), the variables "CO2 emissions" were incorporated, aiming to analyze the importance of that for the increase in the countries’ GDP, and a variable of time, with the purpose of obtaining the effects of technical progress. Comparisons were made between sample countries with emphasis on the differences between developed and developing countries. The main results suggest that CO2 emissions are indeed essential to economic growth, especially in industrialized countries. Technical progress has led to an improvement in the performance of all inputs (including emissions) in developed countries. However, in developing countries, it appears to have led to a reduction in the use of the "labor" factor, and does not help to make better use of emissions as input. The analysis of the efficiencies suggests that the technical performance of the countries was much higher than the environmental performance, showing a medium score of technical efficiency relatively high, while the average environmental scores were very low. The industrialized countries were the ones that presented the greatest scores of technical efficiency, but they were inefficient on CO2 emissions. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2019-02-25 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2021-06-21T11:42:38Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2021-06-21T11:42:38Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
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http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/21159 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/21159 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
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por |
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600300000000 |
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dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Ciências Sociais e Humanas |
dc.publisher.program.fl_str_mv |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia e Desenvolvimento |
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv |
UFSM |
dc.publisher.country.fl_str_mv |
Brasil |
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv |
Economia |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Ciências Sociais e Humanas |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
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