Substituição do aço inoxidável em uma coluna de destilação por material polimérico de menor custo
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2017 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/14583 |
Resumo: | The ethanol production in small scale, with maximum capacity of 5.000 l/day, deals with serious problems related to low process performance, due to the low extraction of raw material, inefficiency of ethanol separation present in the fermented and also the high energetic consumption. Other points to highlight involving this activity, are the high economic costs associated to the work force, especially the distillation process and the high investment for the distillation columns fabrication. Due to the reasons above, the present work aims to propose a new concept of low cost distillation columns by the replacement of stainless steel with a polymeric material. This idea intends to promote the decrease of equipment costs and assist in the production of ethanol in small scale. The experimental part consisted initially of choosing nine polymeric materials, based on costs, namely: polyamide 6,0 (PA 6,0), polypropylene (PP), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polycarbonate (PC), poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA), bakelite, polyurethane (PU) and the composite of unsaturated polyester resin reinforced with 30% glass fiber (GFRP). Then, they were submitted to chemical resistance tests in contact with ethanol, according to the standard ASTM D543, at temperatures of 90°C and 115°C. By determining the degree of swelling and the area increase in, it was found that the amorphous samples presented the worst performance, whereas the semicrystalline samples of PP and HDPE together with the GFRP composite presented the best answers. Thus, the materials with best performance in the initial selection (PP, HDPE e GFRP), were submitted to new chemical resistance tests, in contact with ethanol in different concentrations, being 85% e 96%, and at different temperatures, of 90 and 115°C. The tested samples with ethanol in 85% were characterized by DRX, FTIR and mechanically tested by three-point flexural tests. Whereas the samples tested with 96% ethanol were analyzed by the techniques already mentioned and also by DSC. The results obtained for the materials at both concentrations were satisfactory, demonstrating a good response of PP and HDPE polymers, due to its behavior that presented a small diffusion of the ethanol. Moreover, they presented very satisfactory results in the mechanical tests. On the other hand, the GFRP presented a loss of mass after the chemical resistance tests, as well as being inefficient as a constructive material of distillation columns, due to the very expressive drop of their maximum flexion tension after the contact with ethanol, in both concentrations. Furthermore, the economic attractiveness of the idea proposed in this work was evaluated, and the results obtained showed a very positive reduction of costs involved in the construction of a polymer distillation column. |
id |
UFSM_e94c116e53c3f9c94c41b1c9022ba7c8 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/14583 |
network_acronym_str |
UFSM |
network_name_str |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
repository_id_str |
|
spelling |
Substituição do aço inoxidável em uma coluna de destilação por material polimérico de menor custoReplacement of stainless steel in a distillation column for less cost polymeric materialColuna de destilaçãoPolímerosPequena escalaEconômicoResistênciaDistillation columnPolymersSmall scaleEconomicResistanceCNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICAThe ethanol production in small scale, with maximum capacity of 5.000 l/day, deals with serious problems related to low process performance, due to the low extraction of raw material, inefficiency of ethanol separation present in the fermented and also the high energetic consumption. Other points to highlight involving this activity, are the high economic costs associated to the work force, especially the distillation process and the high investment for the distillation columns fabrication. Due to the reasons above, the present work aims to propose a new concept of low cost distillation columns by the replacement of stainless steel with a polymeric material. This idea intends to promote the decrease of equipment costs and assist in the production of ethanol in small scale. The experimental part consisted initially of choosing nine polymeric materials, based on costs, namely: polyamide 6,0 (PA 6,0), polypropylene (PP), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polycarbonate (PC), poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA), bakelite, polyurethane (PU) and the composite of unsaturated polyester resin reinforced with 30% glass fiber (GFRP). Then, they were submitted to chemical resistance tests in contact with ethanol, according to the standard ASTM D543, at temperatures of 90°C and 115°C. By determining the degree of swelling and the area increase in, it was found that the amorphous samples presented the worst performance, whereas the semicrystalline samples of PP and HDPE together with the GFRP composite presented the best answers. Thus, the materials with best performance in the initial selection (PP, HDPE e GFRP), were submitted to new chemical resistance tests, in contact with ethanol in different concentrations, being 85% e 96%, and at different temperatures, of 90 and 115°C. The tested samples with ethanol in 85% were characterized by DRX, FTIR and mechanically tested by three-point flexural tests. Whereas the samples tested with 96% ethanol were analyzed by the techniques already mentioned and also by DSC. The results obtained for the materials at both concentrations were satisfactory, demonstrating a good response of PP and HDPE polymers, due to its behavior that presented a small diffusion of the ethanol. Moreover, they presented very satisfactory results in the mechanical tests. On the other hand, the GFRP presented a loss of mass after the chemical resistance tests, as well as being inefficient as a constructive material of distillation columns, due to the very expressive drop of their maximum flexion tension after the contact with ethanol, in both concentrations. Furthermore, the economic attractiveness of the idea proposed in this work was evaluated, and the results obtained showed a very positive reduction of costs involved in the construction of a polymer distillation column.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESA produção de etanol em pequena escala, com capacidade máxima de 5.000 L/dia, enfrenta sérios problemas relativos ao baixo rendimento do processo, decorrentes da baixa extração da matéria-prima, da ineficiência de separação do etanol presente no fermentado e também do elevado consumo energético. Outros pontos a destacar, envolvendo esta atividade, são os altos custos econômicos associados à mão de obra, especialmente ao processo de destilação, e o investimento elevado para a fabricação das colunas de destilação. Em decorrência dos motivos acima, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo propor um novo conceito de colunas de destilação de baixo custo, através da substituição do aço inoxidável por um material polimérico. Essa ideia tem como intuito promover a redução de custos do equipamento e auxiliar no desenvolvimento da produção de etanol em pequena escala. A parte experimental consistiu inicialmente na escolha de nove materiais poliméricos, com base nos custos, sendo eles: poliamida 6,0 (PA 6,0), polipropileno (PP), polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD), policloreto de vinila (PVC), policarbonato (PC), polimetacrilato de metila (PMMA), baquelite, poliuretano (PU) e o compósito de resina poliéster insaturado reforçado com 30% de fibra de vidro (PRFV). Em seguida, os mesmos foram submetidos a ensaios de resistência química em contanto com etanol, de acordo com a norma ASTM D543, nas temperaturas de 90°C e 115°C. Através da determinação do grau de inchamento e aumento de área, constatou-se que as amostras amorfas apresentaram o pior desempenho, já as amostras semicristalinas de PP e PEAD juntamente com o compósito PRFV foram as que apresentaram as melhores respostas. Desta forma, os materiais com melhor performance na seleção inicial (PP, PEAD e PRFV), foram submetidos a novos ensaios de resistência química, em contato com etanol em diferentes concentrações, sendo elas de 85% e 96%, e em diferentes temperaturas, de 90 e 115°C. As amostras ensaiadas com etanol em 85% foram caracterizadas por DRX, FTIR e ensaiadas mecanicamente por testes de flexão a 3 pontos. Já as amostras ensaiadas com etanol 96% foram analisadas pelas técnicas já referidas e também por DSC. Os resultados obtidos para os materiais em ambas as concentrações foram satisfatórios, demonstrando uma boa resposta dos polímeros PP e PEAD, em razão do seu comportamento que apresentou uma pequena difusão do etanol. Além disso, apresentaram resultados bastante satisfatórios nos ensaios mecânicos. Já o PRFV apresentou uma perda de massa após os ensaios de resistência química, podendo ser ineficiente como um material construtivo de colunas de destilação, devido a queda bastante expressiva de sua tensão máxima de flexão após o contato com etanol, em ambas as concentrações. Além disso, foi avaliada a atratividade econômica da ideia proposta nesse trabalho, sendo que os resultados obtidos demonstraram uma redução bastante positiva dos custos envolvidos na construção de uma coluna de destilação polimérica.Universidade Federal de Santa MariaBrasilEngenharia QuímicaUFSMPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia QuímicaCentro de TecnologiaHoffmann, Ronaldohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4625067103734943Lopes, Poliana Pollizellohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3168039205334003Daudt, Natália de Freitashttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3938857351102458Possani, Germanohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4358759447491149Cunha, Caroline Barlette da2018-10-17T19:15:20Z2018-10-17T19:15:20Z2017-08-28info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/14583porAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSM2018-10-17T19:15:20Zoai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/14583Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/ONGhttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestatendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.comopendoar:2018-10-17T19:15:20Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Substituição do aço inoxidável em uma coluna de destilação por material polimérico de menor custo Replacement of stainless steel in a distillation column for less cost polymeric material |
title |
Substituição do aço inoxidável em uma coluna de destilação por material polimérico de menor custo |
spellingShingle |
Substituição do aço inoxidável em uma coluna de destilação por material polimérico de menor custo Cunha, Caroline Barlette da Coluna de destilação Polímeros Pequena escala Econômico Resistência Distillation column Polymers Small scale Economic Resistance CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA |
title_short |
Substituição do aço inoxidável em uma coluna de destilação por material polimérico de menor custo |
title_full |
Substituição do aço inoxidável em uma coluna de destilação por material polimérico de menor custo |
title_fullStr |
Substituição do aço inoxidável em uma coluna de destilação por material polimérico de menor custo |
title_full_unstemmed |
Substituição do aço inoxidável em uma coluna de destilação por material polimérico de menor custo |
title_sort |
Substituição do aço inoxidável em uma coluna de destilação por material polimérico de menor custo |
author |
Cunha, Caroline Barlette da |
author_facet |
Cunha, Caroline Barlette da |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Hoffmann, Ronaldo http://lattes.cnpq.br/4625067103734943 Lopes, Poliana Pollizello http://lattes.cnpq.br/3168039205334003 Daudt, Natália de Freitas http://lattes.cnpq.br/3938857351102458 Possani, Germano http://lattes.cnpq.br/4358759447491149 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Cunha, Caroline Barlette da |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Coluna de destilação Polímeros Pequena escala Econômico Resistência Distillation column Polymers Small scale Economic Resistance CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA |
topic |
Coluna de destilação Polímeros Pequena escala Econômico Resistência Distillation column Polymers Small scale Economic Resistance CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA |
description |
The ethanol production in small scale, with maximum capacity of 5.000 l/day, deals with serious problems related to low process performance, due to the low extraction of raw material, inefficiency of ethanol separation present in the fermented and also the high energetic consumption. Other points to highlight involving this activity, are the high economic costs associated to the work force, especially the distillation process and the high investment for the distillation columns fabrication. Due to the reasons above, the present work aims to propose a new concept of low cost distillation columns by the replacement of stainless steel with a polymeric material. This idea intends to promote the decrease of equipment costs and assist in the production of ethanol in small scale. The experimental part consisted initially of choosing nine polymeric materials, based on costs, namely: polyamide 6,0 (PA 6,0), polypropylene (PP), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polycarbonate (PC), poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA), bakelite, polyurethane (PU) and the composite of unsaturated polyester resin reinforced with 30% glass fiber (GFRP). Then, they were submitted to chemical resistance tests in contact with ethanol, according to the standard ASTM D543, at temperatures of 90°C and 115°C. By determining the degree of swelling and the area increase in, it was found that the amorphous samples presented the worst performance, whereas the semicrystalline samples of PP and HDPE together with the GFRP composite presented the best answers. Thus, the materials with best performance in the initial selection (PP, HDPE e GFRP), were submitted to new chemical resistance tests, in contact with ethanol in different concentrations, being 85% e 96%, and at different temperatures, of 90 and 115°C. The tested samples with ethanol in 85% were characterized by DRX, FTIR and mechanically tested by three-point flexural tests. Whereas the samples tested with 96% ethanol were analyzed by the techniques already mentioned and also by DSC. The results obtained for the materials at both concentrations were satisfactory, demonstrating a good response of PP and HDPE polymers, due to its behavior that presented a small diffusion of the ethanol. Moreover, they presented very satisfactory results in the mechanical tests. On the other hand, the GFRP presented a loss of mass after the chemical resistance tests, as well as being inefficient as a constructive material of distillation columns, due to the very expressive drop of their maximum flexion tension after the contact with ethanol, in both concentrations. Furthermore, the economic attractiveness of the idea proposed in this work was evaluated, and the results obtained showed a very positive reduction of costs involved in the construction of a polymer distillation column. |
publishDate |
2017 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2017-08-28 2018-10-17T19:15:20Z 2018-10-17T19:15:20Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/14583 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/14583 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Engenharia Química UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química Centro de Tecnologia |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Engenharia Química UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química Centro de Tecnologia |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM instname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) instacron:UFSM |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
instacron_str |
UFSM |
institution |
UFSM |
reponame_str |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
collection |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
atendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.com |
_version_ |
1805922028638699520 |